THE STUDY ON TECHNIQUES IN TEACHING SPEAKING IN FIRST SEMESTER STUDENTS OF ENGLISH DEPARTMENT AT UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIAH MALANG

THE STUDY ON TECHNIQUES IN TEACHING SPEAKING IN

FIRST SEMESTER STUDENTS OF ENGLISH DEPARTMENT AT

UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIAH MALANG

THESIS

BY: ABDI ANUGRA

07360218

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

THE STUDY ON TECHNIQUES IN TEACHING SPEAKING IN

FIRST SEMESTER STUDENTS OF ENGLISH DEPARTMENT AT

UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIAH MALANG

THESIS

This thesis is submitted to meet one of the requirements to achieve Sarjana Degree in English Education

BY: ABDI ANUGRA

07360218

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

This Thesis written by Abdi Anugra was approved on February 04, 2012

Advisor II Advisor I

This thesis was defended in front of the examiners of Faculty of Teacher Training and Education of University of Muhammadiyah Malang

and accepted as one of requirements to achieve Sarjana Degree in English Education

on February 04, 2012

Approved by:

Faculty of Teacher Training and Education University of Muhammadiyah Malang

Dean,

Drs. Fauzan, M.Pd

Examiners: Signatures:

1. Drs. Hartono, M.Pd 1. ………. 2. Rahmawati Khadijah, M.PEd 2. ……….... 3. Dr. Masduki, M.Pd 3. ……… 4. Bayu Hendra Wicaksono, Ph.d 4. ………

MOTTO AND DEDICATION

MOTTO

The ultimate measure of a man is not where he stands in moments of comfort and convenience, but where he stands at time of challenge and controversy

(Martin Luther K.)

DEDICATION This work was dedicated to:

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Bismillahirrahhmanirrahim

Alhamdulillah, all praise is to Allah SWT because his affection, blessing and guidance the writer can finish this thesis.

The writer would like to thank to those who had given helps such as; motivation, support, energy, or facility in doing this thesis. They are:

1. His beloved parents and brothers who always motivate, support, and pray for him to finishing this thesis.

2. Dr. Masduki, M.Pd. as Advisor I who had guided and motivated to finish this thesis.

3. Bayu Hendra Wicaksono, Ph.d. as the Advisor II who had guided and supported to finish this thesis.

4. Dwi Poedjiastuti, Dra., M.A. who had guided in finishing this thesis. 5. The Lecturers of English Department who had taught him to be better.

6. Beloved Dyah Ayu M. who always support him to keep spirit in doing this thesis. 7. All of special friends (Anang, Danang, and mas Imam) thank for helps and

suggestions. Then, the big family of “Black Green Association” (especially to Salman, Anhar, Supri, Antoni, Bang Zam, etc) that had given the color in his life.

Finally, he hopes that this thesis will be beneficial for the researcher hiself and for the readers.

Malang, February 04, 2012 The researcher,

TABLE OF CONTENTS

APPROVAL……… i

LEGALIZATION……… ii

MOTTO AND DEDICATION………... iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT……….. iv

ABSTRACT………. v

TABLE OF CONTENTS……….. vi

CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION 1.1The Background of Study……….. 1

1.2The Statement of Problems……… 4

1.3The Purpose of Study…...……….. 5

1.4The Significance of Study…..……… 5

1.5The Scope and Limitation……….. 5

1.6The Definition of Key Terms………. 5

CHAPTER II : REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Speaking…....………. 7

2.1.1 Functions of Speaking………... 8

2.2.1Use of English and Use of Mother Tongue…… 9

2.2.2Talking in Class………. 9

2.2.3 Eliciting………. 10

2.2.4Pair Work and Group Work………. 10

2.2.5Giving Instructions……….. 11

2.2.6 Essential Elements for Students to Learn……. 11

2.2.7Accuracy and Fluency………. 12

2.2.8Using Course Book……….. 12

2.2.9Roles of The Teacher……….. 13

2.3Techniques of Teaching Speaking ……….. 17

2.3.1 Principles for Design Speaking Techniques….. 17

2.3.2 Kind of Techniques of Teaching Speaking…… 18

CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1Research Design………... 23

3.2Subject of The Study………... 24

3.3Data of The Research.………. 24

3.3.1 Data Collection Technique……… 25

3.3.1.1 The Observation ………. 25

3.3.1.2 The interview………... 25

3.3.2 Instruments………. 27

CHAPTER IV : FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

4.1Findings……… 29 4.1.1 The Techniques Used By the Teachers of

Speaking Class in First Semester………. 29

4.1.2 The Problems Faced by Teacher in Using Techniques in Teaching Speaking in First Semester Students of English Department

at University of Muhammadiah Malang…….. 33

4.2 Discussion……….. 37

CHAPTER V : CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS

5.1 Conclusion……… 41 5.2Suggestions……… 42

BIBLIOGRAPHY APPENDIX I APPENDIX II

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Aminah, Siti. 2007. The Implementation of Teaching Speaking at SMAN 02 Batu. Unpublished thesis. Malang. UMM

Amos J. Hatch. 2002. Doing Qualitative Research in Education Settings. New York. State University of New York.

Ary, Donald, Jacobs Lucy C, Asghar R. & Chris S.. 2006. Introduction to Research

in Education. Canada: Thomson Wadsworth

Arief, Bobby Kusuma. 2005. Teaching Technique in Speaking Class at Basic English Course Pare Kediri, Unpublished thesis. Malang. UMM.

Azmi, muhdi.2009. A Study on the Technique of Teaching Speaking at the English Department on the University of Muhammadiyah Malang, unpublished thesis. Malang. UMM.

Brown, H. Douglas. 2000. Principle of Language Learning and Teaching. San Francisco: San Francisco State University.

Harmer, Jeremy. The Practice of English Language Teaching, Third Edition. San Francisco: Longman.

Irawan, Bamabang. 2008. The Technique of Teaching Speaking in English Language

Extracurricular Program. Unpublished thesis. Malang. UMM.

Lodico, Marguerite G., Dean T. Spaulding, Katherine H. Voegtle. 2006. Methods in Educational Research. United States of America: Jossey-Bass A Wiley Imprint

Masduki. 2009. EFL Teacher Question in Reading Comprehension Course at LC UMM. Unpublished thesis. Malang. Universitas Negri Malang

Moehnilabib, M.& Mukhadis Amat. Dasar-Dasar Metodelogi Penelitian. Malang. Universitas Negri Malang.

Mora, minda. 2010. Teaching Speaking. Malang. State University of Medan.

Norland, Deborah L.,& Pruett-Said, Terry. 2006. A Kaleidoscope of Models and Strategies for Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages. London: Teacher Ideas Press.

Nurbatra, Laela H.. 2005. An Analysis on Teaching Speaking at SMU N 4 Malang.

Unpublished thesis. Malang. UMM. Pollard, Lucy. 2008. Teaching English.

Prasetyowat, Kotavi D. 2008. Techniques Used by Teacher in Teaching Speaking Class at The Daffodils Course, Pare Kediri. Unpublished thesis. Malang. UMM.

Pondra, M. Arya F. 2005. The Techniques of Teaching to The Second Years Students

on Privates SMAs in Malang. Unpublished thesis. Malang. UMM.

Richards, Jack C. 2008. Teaching Listening and Speaking From Theory to Practice. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Sarosdy Judit, Benzce T.F., Poor Z., & Vadnay Marianna. 2006. Applaied Linguistics I. Bölcsész Konzorcium.

Sukmadinata, Nana Syaodih. 2007. Metode Penelitian Pendidikan. Bandung. PT Remaja Pendidikan.

Stake, Robert E. 2010. Qualitative research: studying how things work. New York: The Guilford Press.

Thorenbury, Scott. 2005. How to Teach Speaking. Longman.

. 2011. Descriptive Research Questions and Designs. (Online), (www.ecs.org)

1

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

This section discusses the background of the study, the statement of the problems, the purpose of the study, the significance of the study, the scope and the limitation, and the definition of the key terms.

1.1 The Background of The Study

Speaking is the skill that has to be mastered by language learners because it is indicator that language learners master the target language. The mastery of peaking skills in English is a priority for many second-language or foreign-language learners. Consequently, learners often evaluate their success in language learning as well as the effectiveness of their English course on the basis of how much they feel they have improved in their spoken language proficiency (Richards 2008). Therefore, if students do not learn how to speak or do not get any opportunity to speak in language classroom, they may soon get de-motivated and lose interest in learning. According to Burkart (in Mora, 2010), the language learners need to recognize that speaking involves mechanics (pronunciation, grammar, and vocabulary), functions (transaction, in-transaction, and performance), and social/culture. Therefore, learners can be a success in speaking when they know those areas of knowledge in speaking.

According to Mc Donough (in Nurbata, 2005),speaking is a skill that enables us to produce utterance which involves expressing idea and opinions, expressing a wise or desire to do something, negotiating, and/or solving a particular problem or

2

establishing and maintaining social relationship and friendship.

In class, speaking involves interaction between teacher and students and between student and student. Therefore, teacher is demanded to know that speaking is not only learning about term of knowledge of speaking, but more than that. Speaking prefers to the way of producing and practicing utterance. Teacher should create or chose techniques of teaching which support the learners to speak, give the learners chances to participate.

It is important for the teacher to know characteristics of successful speaking activity. According to Pollard (2003), there are some characteristic of successful speaking activity, such as; learners talk, learner’s participation, high motivation, and acceptable utterance. In language classrooms students and teachers collaboratively come to understand the discourse of knowledge and achieve the goal. They are co-constructing in their interactions together, teacher to students and student to student (Wells, 1999). Therefore, the teacher has to guide the learners achieving the goal of learning, and sets the good condition for learning by applying strategies or techniques in teaching speaking.

Consequently, teacher is expected to take some preparation, such planning to set classroom activities, organizing classroom, assessing the learner’s ability, and evaluating the teaching learning process. Therefore, to make teaching speaking more interesting and easy to understand, the teacher should use some techniques effectively. The technique should be suitable with students’ characteristics and

3

influenced by the way how teacher conducted class. On the other hand, if the right activities are taught in the right way, speaking class can be fun and can motivate the learners to practice and participate.

There are a lot of techniques can be used by teacher in speaking class. According to Bobby (2005), Teacher used some techniques in their class activity such as game, role play, small group, and drill. Each technique has advantages and disadvantages. According to Muhdi (2009), the strength of the techniques was more than the weaknesses and students felt comfortable in the class and also it might improve their ability in speaking. In applying the techniques the teachers find some problems. In previous research Siti (2007) wrote the teacher got limited time to implement the techniques, such as drama and discussions. The teacher should anticipate the problems arise by preparation. Therefore, the teachers have to be professional. They must know and master the techniques of teaching in order to encourage their students practice and take participation in the class.

However, writer finds some methodological flaws in Muhdi research (2009). In his research subject, he selected the subject of the study inconsistently. Actually he wanted to observe lecturer at second semester but he collected the data from the lecturer at the first semester. The writer also finds that previous research sought the

information about students’ motivation which had no relation with the purpose of study. In research finding, the previous research described the weaknesses or problems of the techniques in very general manner whereas it is important to describe very specific weaknesses and problems to each technique. Therefore, the writer is

4

interested in conduct a research about the teaching speaking. Hopefully the writer will be able to improve the previous research conducted by Muhdi (2009)

In this study, the writer designates first semester lecturer of English Department as subject. In first semester students find new environment and new friends that they have never met before. The students have to adapt with new world. The situation might cause interaction problem. The teacher not only deals with teaching material, but also has to solve how to devote student closely to encourage students’ participation. The teachers also have to anchorage the students to master the material as good as possible before they step to the next material in second semester. According to Knapp (2009:6), Languages should not be taught separately and independent of each other, but that the teaching of all languages should be integrated into one curriculum. Therefore, students should learn English gradually.

Based on the above description, techniques of teaching speaking class are potential for student development because the use of techniques will influence

students’ understanding, students’ activity and students’ motivation. Therefore the study of the techniques of teaching speaking is important for the teacher who teaches speaking.

1.2 The Statement of Problems

Based on the background of the study above, the writer formulates the problem as follow:

5

2. What problems do the teachers face in using techniques in teaching speaking?

1.3 The Purpose of Study

In relation with the problem formulated above, the purpose of the study is: 1. To describe the techniques used by the teachers in teaching speaking class. 2. To describe the problems faced by the teachers in using techniques in

teaching speaking.

1.4 The Significance of Study

This study is intended to give scientific information for readers about the techniques of teaching speaking in first semester English Department. The writer expects the result of this study will give something meaningful in language teaching especially for speaking teachers. Besides, It can be used as a reference for students of English Department that will involve techniques teaching speaking in their profession as teacher. In addition, the finding will become the contribution for further research.

1.5 The Scope and Limitation

The scope of this study is the techniques of teaching speaking class used by teachers in first semester of English Department. The writer only focuses on speaking class teachers of first semester in English Department at University of Muhammadiayah Malang.

6

1.6 The Definition of Key Terms

1. Speaking is a skill in language that produces utterance which involves expressing idea and opinion, and negotiation.

2. Technique of teaching speaking is implementation that encourages the students to be more active in interaction each other and gives students as many opportunities as possible to speak.

1 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

This section discusses the background of the study, the statement of the problems, the purpose of the study, the significance of the study, the scope and the limitation, and the definition of the key terms.

1.1 The Background of The Study

Speaking is the skill that has to be mastered by language learners because it is indicator that language learners master the target language. The mastery of peaking skills in English is a priority for many second-language or foreign-language learners. Consequently, learners often evaluate their success in language learning as well as the effectiveness of their English course on the basis of how much they feel they have improved in their spoken language proficiency (Richards 2008). Therefore, if students do not learn how to speak or do not get any opportunity to speak in language classroom, they may soon get de-motivated and lose interest in learning. According to Burkart (in Mora, 2010), the language learners need to recognize that speaking involves mechanics (pronunciation, grammar, and vocabulary), functions (transaction, in-transaction, and performance), and social/culture. Therefore, learners can be a success in speaking when they know those areas of knowledge in speaking.

According to Mc Donough (in Nurbata, 2005), speaking is a skill that enables us to produce utterance which involves expressing idea and opinions, expressing a wise or desire to do something, negotiating, and/or solving a particular problem or

2

establishing and maintaining social relationship and friendship.

In class, speaking involves interaction between teacher and students and between student and student. Therefore, teacher is demanded to know that speaking is not only learning about term of knowledge of speaking, but more than that. Speaking prefers to the way of producing and practicing utterance. Teacher should create or chose techniques of teaching which support the learners to speak, give the learners chances to participate.

It is important for the teacher to know characteristics of successful speaking activity. According to Pollard (2003), there are some characteristic of successful speaking activity, such as; learners talk, learner’s participation, high motivation, and acceptable utterance. In language classrooms students and teachers collaboratively come to understand the discourse of knowledge and achieve the goal. They are co-constructing in their interactions together, teacher to students and student to student (Wells, 1999). Therefore, the teacher has to guide the learners achieving the goal of learning, and sets the good condition for learning by applying strategies or techniques in teaching speaking.

Consequently, teacher is expected to take some preparation, such planning to set classroom activities, organizing classroom, assessing the learner’s ability, and evaluating the teaching learning process. Therefore, to make teaching speaking more interesting and easy to understand, the teacher should use some techniques effectively. The technique should be suitable with students’ characteristics and conditions. Related to previous research, Bambang (2008) wrote students were

3

influenced by the way how teacher conducted class. On the other hand, if the right activities are taught in the right way, speaking class can be fun and can motivate the learners to practice and participate.

There are a lot of techniques can be used by teacher in speaking class. According to Bobby (2005), Teacher used some techniques in their class activity such as game, role play, small group, and drill. Each technique has advantages and disadvantages. According to Muhdi (2009), the strength of the techniques was more than the weaknesses and students felt comfortable in the class and also it might improve their ability in speaking. In applying the techniques the teachers find some problems. In previous research Siti (2007) wrote the teacher got limited time to implement the techniques, such as drama and discussions. The teacher should anticipate the problems arise by preparation. Therefore, the teachers have to be professional. They must know and master the techniques of teaching in order to encourage their students practice and take participation in the class.

However, writer finds some methodological flaws in Muhdi research (2009). In his research subject, he selected the subject of the study inconsistently. Actually he wanted to observe lecturer at second semester but he collected the data from the lecturer at the first semester. The writer also finds that previous research sought the information about students’ motivation which had no relation with the purpose of study. In research finding, the previous research described the weaknesses or problems of the techniques in very general manner whereas it is important to describe very specific weaknesses and problems to each technique. Therefore, the writer is

4

interested in conduct a research about the teaching speaking. Hopefully the writer will be able to improve the previous research conducted by Muhdi (2009)

In this study, the writer designates first semester lecturer of English Department as subject. In first semester students find new environment and new friends that they have never met before. The students have to adapt with new world. The situation might cause interaction problem. The teacher not only deals with teaching material, but also has to solve how to devote student closely to encourage students’ participation. The teachers also have to anchorage the students to master the material as good as possible before they step to the next material in second semester. According to Knapp (2009:6), Languages should not be taught separately and independent of each other, but that the teaching of all languages should be integrated into one curriculum. Therefore, students should learn English gradually.

Based on the above description, techniques of teaching speaking class are potential for student development because the use of techniques will influence students’ understanding, students’ activity and students’ motivation. Therefore the study of the techniques of teaching speaking is important for the teacher who teaches speaking.

1.2 The Statement of Problems

Based on the background of the study above, the writer formulates the problem as follow:

5

2. What problems do the teachers face in using techniques in teaching speaking?

1.3 The Purpose of Study

In relation with the problem formulated above, the purpose of the study is: 1. To describe the techniques used by the teachers in teaching speaking class. 2. To describe the problems faced by the teachers in using techniques in

teaching speaking.

1.4 The Significance of Study

This study is intended to give scientific information for readers about the techniques of teaching speaking in first semester English Department. The writer expects the result of this study will give something meaningful in language teaching especially for speaking teachers. Besides, It can be used as a reference for students of English Department that will involve techniques teaching speaking in their profession as teacher. In addition, the finding will become the contribution for further research.

1.5 The Scope and Limitation

The scope of this study is the techniques of teaching speaking class used by teachers in first semester of English Department. The writer only focuses on speaking class teachers of first semester in English Department at University of Muhammadiayah Malang.

6 1.6 The Definition of Key Terms

1. Speaking is a skill in language that produces utterance which involves expressing idea and opinion, and negotiation.

2. Technique of teaching speaking is implementation that encourages the students to be more active in interaction each other and gives students as many opportunities as possible to speak.