Failure Analysis On Corrosion of Al-Zn Heat Reflector in Timber Dry Kiln
FAILURE ANALYSIS ON CORROSION OF i l - Z n
HEAT REFLECTOR IN TIMBER DRY KILN
AMELIA RANMATIKA
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
FACULTY OF MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCES
BOGOR AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
BOGOR
2009
ABSTRACT
AMELIA RAHMATIKA. Failure Analysis on Corrosion of Al-Zn Heat Reflector in
Timber Dry Kiln. Supervised by M NUR INDRO and ANTHONIUS SITOMPUL.
Al-Zn alloy coated steel sheet (JIS G3 141) was used as a heat reflector in timber
dry kiln. After six months continuous service at 1 1 0 ' ~ in moist condition, the heat
reflector is corroded. Failure analysis method was used to analyze this corrosion
phenomena. Macroscopic and microscopic examination with some cl~aracterizationshave
been performed to determine the elemental composition and corrosion products. The
elemental composition of corroded heat reflector that were detected by SEM-EDS are
sulphur, chloride, calcium, sodium and potassium. XRD analysis revealed the zinc
aluminum carbonate hydroxide hydrate (ZII~A~~(OH)I~CO~.~I-IZO)
known as black rust
staining and iron oxide (FeFe204), as corrosion product. Environmental condition in
timber dry kiln with the existence of acid and alkaline elements make the corrosion
process occur. Those elements came from the dried timber and steam that adhered on the
heat reflector surface and they attacked the Al-Zn coating and base metal. The humidity
and high temperature in timber dry kiln environment are factors that increase the
corrosion rate of the heat reflector.
Key Words: Corrosion, Failure analysis, Al-Zn coating, timber dry kiln.
FAILURE ANALYSIS ON CORROSION OF Al-Zn
WEAT REFLECTOR IN TIMBER DRY KILN
AMELIA RAHMATIKA
Thesis
a paper submitted in partial fulfillment
of the requirement for the Degree of Strata 1
Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences
Bogor Agricultural University
DEPARTMENT OF PHUSICS
FACULTY OF MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCES
BOGOR AGRICULTURAL UMVERSITY
BOGOR
2009
Title
: Failure Analysis on Corrosion of Al-Zn Heat Reflector in Timber Dry
Name
NIM
: Amelia Rahmatika
: G74052428
Kiln
Approved by
lStSupervisor,
(Drs. Moh. Nur Indro, M.Sc)
NIP : 19561015 198703 1 001
Date of Graduate: ff
1 JAN 2010
NIP : 19620415 198810 1 001
PREFACE
Praise be to Allah SWT, the lord of the World, that this research can be finished
properly. Failure analysis is examination of the characteristics and causes of component
failure. There are many cases of component failure in daily life which can be analyzed by
failure analysis method. One of the types of component failure is corrosion. In this final
report, I analyzed a case of corrosion failure and the title is "Failure Analysis on
Corrosion of Al-Zn Heat Reflector in Timber Dry Kiln".
I wish to acknowledge my gratitude to:
I. Mom and Dad, who always pray for me every time. I'm so grateful and be the
luckiest person in the world that have parents like you.
2. Drs. Mohammad Nur Indro, M.Sc, as the 1" Supervisor and Drs. Anthonius
Sitompul, M.T, as the 2ndSupervisor. Thanks for the guidance, supports, advices,
spirits, encouragement and sharing.
I also indebt to thank the following people for their contribution in helping me
finish this final report :
1. Drs. Sulistioso Giat Sukaryo, M.T. Thanks for the guidance and sharing.
2. All staff in PTBN BATAN.
3. All lecturers and Staff in P B Physics Department.
4. All friends in Physics '42.
5. My lovely brothers, Amru and Harits. Thanks for your supports and being the best
brothers for me.
Hope this thesis can be useful. Critiques and suggestions are expected to improve
this thesis to be better.
Bogor>November 2009
Anielia Rahmatika
POTENSL ANTIBAKTEM KITOSMi
SEBAGAI PENGAWET ALAMI PPaI)A TAWU
PROGRAM STUD1 BIOWMIA
FAKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAENUAI?JALAM
INSTITUT PERTANIAIV BOGOR
BOGOR
2009
ABSTRAK
FARIDHA KUSUMANINGJATI. Potensi Antibakteri Kitosan sebagai Pengawet
Alami pada Tahu. Dibimbing oleh SURYANI dan A M D ENDANG ZAINAL
HASAN.
Kitosan merupakan senyawa turunan kitin yang terdapat pada serangga,
crustaceae, dan beberapa jenis fungi. Senyawa ini memiliki potensi sebagai
antibakteri, termasuk penggunaannya sebagai pengawet n~akanan.Penelitian ini
bemjuan menguji potensi antibakteri kitosan sebagai pengawet tahu dan
mendapatkan konsentrasi optimal kitosan yang dapat diaplikasikan sebagai
pengawet. Perlakuan yang digunakan terdiri atas larutan kitosan (0.05%, 0.1%,
0.2%, dan 0.3%), akuades, larutan natrium benzoat 1%, dan larutan formalin 1%.
Pengukuran dan analisis yang dilakukan, yakni pH tahu, angka hitung lempeng
total atau Total Plate Count (TPC), dan uji organoleptik (kenampakan, aroma, dan
konsistensi).
Sifat antibakteri kitosan mampu menghambat laju pertumbuhan bakteri
dengan hasil uii statistika berbeda nvala (~
HEAT REFLECTOR IN TIMBER DRY KILN
AMELIA RANMATIKA
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
FACULTY OF MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCES
BOGOR AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
BOGOR
2009
ABSTRACT
AMELIA RAHMATIKA. Failure Analysis on Corrosion of Al-Zn Heat Reflector in
Timber Dry Kiln. Supervised by M NUR INDRO and ANTHONIUS SITOMPUL.
Al-Zn alloy coated steel sheet (JIS G3 141) was used as a heat reflector in timber
dry kiln. After six months continuous service at 1 1 0 ' ~ in moist condition, the heat
reflector is corroded. Failure analysis method was used to analyze this corrosion
phenomena. Macroscopic and microscopic examination with some cl~aracterizationshave
been performed to determine the elemental composition and corrosion products. The
elemental composition of corroded heat reflector that were detected by SEM-EDS are
sulphur, chloride, calcium, sodium and potassium. XRD analysis revealed the zinc
aluminum carbonate hydroxide hydrate (ZII~A~~(OH)I~CO~.~I-IZO)
known as black rust
staining and iron oxide (FeFe204), as corrosion product. Environmental condition in
timber dry kiln with the existence of acid and alkaline elements make the corrosion
process occur. Those elements came from the dried timber and steam that adhered on the
heat reflector surface and they attacked the Al-Zn coating and base metal. The humidity
and high temperature in timber dry kiln environment are factors that increase the
corrosion rate of the heat reflector.
Key Words: Corrosion, Failure analysis, Al-Zn coating, timber dry kiln.
FAILURE ANALYSIS ON CORROSION OF Al-Zn
WEAT REFLECTOR IN TIMBER DRY KILN
AMELIA RAHMATIKA
Thesis
a paper submitted in partial fulfillment
of the requirement for the Degree of Strata 1
Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences
Bogor Agricultural University
DEPARTMENT OF PHUSICS
FACULTY OF MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCES
BOGOR AGRICULTURAL UMVERSITY
BOGOR
2009
Title
: Failure Analysis on Corrosion of Al-Zn Heat Reflector in Timber Dry
Name
NIM
: Amelia Rahmatika
: G74052428
Kiln
Approved by
lStSupervisor,
(Drs. Moh. Nur Indro, M.Sc)
NIP : 19561015 198703 1 001
Date of Graduate: ff
1 JAN 2010
NIP : 19620415 198810 1 001
PREFACE
Praise be to Allah SWT, the lord of the World, that this research can be finished
properly. Failure analysis is examination of the characteristics and causes of component
failure. There are many cases of component failure in daily life which can be analyzed by
failure analysis method. One of the types of component failure is corrosion. In this final
report, I analyzed a case of corrosion failure and the title is "Failure Analysis on
Corrosion of Al-Zn Heat Reflector in Timber Dry Kiln".
I wish to acknowledge my gratitude to:
I. Mom and Dad, who always pray for me every time. I'm so grateful and be the
luckiest person in the world that have parents like you.
2. Drs. Mohammad Nur Indro, M.Sc, as the 1" Supervisor and Drs. Anthonius
Sitompul, M.T, as the 2ndSupervisor. Thanks for the guidance, supports, advices,
spirits, encouragement and sharing.
I also indebt to thank the following people for their contribution in helping me
finish this final report :
1. Drs. Sulistioso Giat Sukaryo, M.T. Thanks for the guidance and sharing.
2. All staff in PTBN BATAN.
3. All lecturers and Staff in P B Physics Department.
4. All friends in Physics '42.
5. My lovely brothers, Amru and Harits. Thanks for your supports and being the best
brothers for me.
Hope this thesis can be useful. Critiques and suggestions are expected to improve
this thesis to be better.
Bogor>November 2009
Anielia Rahmatika
POTENSL ANTIBAKTEM KITOSMi
SEBAGAI PENGAWET ALAMI PPaI)A TAWU
PROGRAM STUD1 BIOWMIA
FAKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAENUAI?JALAM
INSTITUT PERTANIAIV BOGOR
BOGOR
2009
ABSTRAK
FARIDHA KUSUMANINGJATI. Potensi Antibakteri Kitosan sebagai Pengawet
Alami pada Tahu. Dibimbing oleh SURYANI dan A M D ENDANG ZAINAL
HASAN.
Kitosan merupakan senyawa turunan kitin yang terdapat pada serangga,
crustaceae, dan beberapa jenis fungi. Senyawa ini memiliki potensi sebagai
antibakteri, termasuk penggunaannya sebagai pengawet n~akanan.Penelitian ini
bemjuan menguji potensi antibakteri kitosan sebagai pengawet tahu dan
mendapatkan konsentrasi optimal kitosan yang dapat diaplikasikan sebagai
pengawet. Perlakuan yang digunakan terdiri atas larutan kitosan (0.05%, 0.1%,
0.2%, dan 0.3%), akuades, larutan natrium benzoat 1%, dan larutan formalin 1%.
Pengukuran dan analisis yang dilakukan, yakni pH tahu, angka hitung lempeng
total atau Total Plate Count (TPC), dan uji organoleptik (kenampakan, aroma, dan
konsistensi).
Sifat antibakteri kitosan mampu menghambat laju pertumbuhan bakteri
dengan hasil uii statistika berbeda nvala (~