CONTENT
CHAPTER TITLE
PAGES
DECLARATION ii
DEDICATION iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iv
ABSTRACT v
ABSTRAK vi
CONTENT vii
LIST OF TABLES x
LIST OF FIGURES xi
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xiii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction
1 1.2
History of Gas Turbine 3
1.3 Gas Turbine Development
4 1.4
Gas Turbine Theory Operation 6
1.5 Type of Gas Turbine
8 1.6
Blade Cooling 9
1.7 Problem Statement
14 1.8
Objective 15
1.9 Scope of Study
15
CHAPTER TITLE
PAGES
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Boundary Layer
18 2.2
Turbulence Intensity 22
2.3 Reynolds’ Number
23 2.4
Conservation Law of Fluid Motion 25
2.5 Navier Stokes Equation
25 2.6
Turbulence Modeling 26
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction
33 3.2
Flow Chart 34
3.3 Computational Fluid Dynamics
35 3.4
Assumptions 38
3.5 2D Cooling Ring
39 3.6
Meshing Geometry 40
3.7 Iteration
41
CHAPTER IV RESULTS
4.1 Contour of Static Temperature
43 4.2
Velocity Vector 44
4.3 Static Temperature at the Bottom of Wall
45 4.4
Turbulence Intensity at the Bottom of Wall 46 4.5
Effect of Velocity Coolant Inlet, 47
Turbulence Intensity and Coolant Inlet Size 4.6
Different Coolant Inlet Velocity and 49
Turbulence Intensity 4.7
Cooling Effectiveness 50
CHAPTER TITLE
PAGES
CHAPTER V DISCUSSION
5.1 Effect of Coolant Inlet Velocity
54 5.2
Effect of Turbulence Intensity 54
5.3 Effect of Coolant Inlet Slot Size
54
CHAPTER VII CONCLUSION
55
REFERENCE 57
BIBLIOGRAPHY 59
APPENDIX 61
LIST OF TABLES
NO. TITLE
PAGES
3.4 Properties of cooling ring
39 3.6
Grid and nodes 40
3.7 Converged criterion
41
LIST OF FIGURES
NO. TITLE
PAGES
1.1 Cross-Sectional View of a Cooled Vane and Blade
2 Schematic of a Modern Gas Turbine Blade
3 1.2
Current gas turbine 4
1.4 Open cycle for gas turbine
7 Closed cycle for gas turbine
7 1.5
Turbine with regeneration 8
Turbine with intercooling 9
1.6 A typical turbine blade with film cooling holes
10 Cooling holes
10 3D of cooling blade flow
11 Three-dimensional 3D of cooling blade
12 Two-dimensional 2D of cooling blade
12 Convection cooling
13 Impingement cooling
13 2.1
Flow meets the leading edge 18
Layers meet at the centre 18
Velocity profile 18
2.3 Scale effect
24 3.3
CFD insight into the effect of breathing 37
Simulation of flow over male elite swimmer 37
Turbulent mixing inside a rotating impeller 38
NO. TITLE
3.5 Cooling ring
39 3.6
Meshing Geometry 40
3.7 Converged iteration
41 4.1
Contours of static temperature K 43
4.2 Vector velocity
44 4.3
Temperature of the wall 45
4.4 Turbulence Intensity of the wall
46 4.5
Wall Temperature versus Coolant Inlet Velocity 47
Wall Temperature versus Coolant Inlet Turbulence Intensity 48
Wall Temperature versus Coolant Inlet Size 49
4.6 Best static temperature contour
49 Bad static temperature contour
50 4.7
Cooling Efficiency versus Coolant Inlet Velocity 50
Cooling Efficiency versus Coolant Inlet turbulence intensity 51
Cooling Efficiency versus Coolant Inlet size 51
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
°C = Degree Celcius
2D = Two Dimensional
3D = Three Dimensional
BL = Boundary
CFD = Computational Fluid Dynamics
DNS = Direct Numerical Simulation
FEA = Finite Element Analysis
GAMBIT = Geometry and Meshing Building Intelligent Toolkit
HP = Horse Power
HVAC = Heating Ventilation Air Conditioning
K = Kelvin
k- ε
= k-epsilon LES
= Large-Eddy Simulation ms
= Metre per second Mm
= Milimetre PDE
= Partial Differential Equation RANS
= Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes RSM
= Reynolds Stress Models
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction
