15 make a selection for useful words in this category. According toLaufer in Alderson
2007 students need at least all the 3,000 level words to write for academic purpose.
B. Negative vocabulary profiles of the students’ theses
The second section present the description of negative vocabulary profiles of the students’ theses. Negative vocabulary is vocabulary items that are not found in the
students’ theses. These missing words are derived from differences of words in the New General
Word List and words in the students’ theses used in this study. The list of negative K-1 words below is useful for students in selecting vocabulary items that
they may find useful for these writing. From this list, the teachers may see on the negative VP to teach appropriate vocabulary to the students except the vocabulary
that occur in the vocabulary profile.
Negative VP of K-1
These following analysis shows all the word families =head words from the K-
1 level that were not found in the students’ theses. The summary of negative vocabulary profile for K-1 level is presented below.
K-1 Total word families: 964 K-1 families in input:
625 64.83 K-1 families not in input: 340 35.27
These percentages do not refer to tokens or number of words in the students’ theses but rather number of word families. As can be seen the summary, as much as 64.83
16 of word families were found in the students’ theses, which means, as much as 35.27
of wor d families were ‘missing’ or not found based on the words listed in New
General Service List NGSL. The followings are some of the word families that are not found in the input students’ theses. The complete word list has been put in
Appendix A ACCOUNTABLE
ACROSS ACTOR
ACTRESS AFFAIR
AGAINST AGENT
AGO ANCIENT
ARISE ARM
ARMY ARRIVE
ATTACK BALL
BANK BAR
BATTLE BEAUTY
BED BEHIND
BENEATH BILL
BLACK BLOW
BOAT BOY
BRANCH BRIDGE
BRIGHT BUSINESS
BROAD BURN
BUY CAPITAL
CAR CASTLE
CATCH CHIEF
CHURCH ETC…….
Negative VP of K-2
This analysis shows all the word families =head words from the K-2 level that were not found in the input texts.
17 K-2 Total word families: 986
K-2 families in input: 229 23.23
K-2 families not in input: 758 78.87 These percentages do not focus on
tokens or number of words in the students’ theses but rather number of word families. As shown in the summary, as much as 23.23 of
word families were found in the students’ theses, which means, as much as 78.87 of word families were ‘missing’ or not found based on the words listed. The followings
are some of the word families K- 2 that were not found in the students’ theses. The
complete word list has been put in Appendix B. ABROAD
ABSENCE ABSENT
ABSOLUTE ABSOLUTELY
ACCIDENT ACCUSE
ACCUSTOM ACHE
ADMIRE ADVERTISE
AEROPLANE AFFORD
AFTERNOON AHEAD
AIRPLANE ALIKE
ALIVE ALOUD
ALTOGETHER AMBITION
AMUSE ANGLE
ANXIETY APPLAUD
APOLOGIZE APOLOGY
APPLAUSE APPLE
APPROVE ARCH
ARREST
ETC………….
18
Negative VP of K-3 or AWL
This analysis shows all the word families =head words from the K-3 level that were not found in the input students’ theses. These percentages do not refer to
tokens or number of words in the students’ theses texts but rather number of word families. As can be seen the summary, as much as 50.44 of word families were
found in the students’ theses texts, which means, as much as 49.74 of word families were ‘missing’ or not found based on the words listed in New General Service List
NGSL. K-3 Total word families: 569
K-3 families in input: 287 50.44
K-3 families not in input: 283 49.74 The followings are some of the word families that were not found in the input text.
The complete word list has been put in Appendix C. ABANDON
ADJACENT ADMINISTRATE
ADVOCATE AGGREGATE
AID APPRECIATE
ARBITRARY ASSEMBLE
ASSESS ASSIST
ASSURE AUTOMATE
BEHALF BIAS
BOND BRIEF
BULK CIVIL
CLASSIC CLAUSE
COHERENT COINCIDE
COLLAPSE
19 ALBEIT
ALLOCATE AMEND
ANNUAL ATTACH
ATTAIN AUTHOR
AUTHORITY CAPACITY
CEASE CHANNEL
CHEMICAL COMMENCE
COMMISSION COMMIT
COMMODITY ETC…………..
These academic words families may contain techical words that students need in writing theses. By learning
the ‘missing’ AWL the students can develop their vocabulary, especially for academic purposes. According to Kinsella 2006 these
academic words are likely to be useful for theses students.
The knowledge about AWL will help the students in academic studies. According to Coxhead 1998 knowledge of academic vocabulary is vital for students
studying English as a foregn language, particularly writing.Academic words are the important words used in writing which have academic pupose.So, the AWL is the
most important words that used in writing which have academic pupose, especialy in writing thesis.
C. Block frequency output of off-list words.
