CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORKS
A. Psychoanalysis
Sigmund Freud, the funder and the father of Psychoanalysis, said that human psyche has a central rule in human’s life. he also describe that human’s
personality is like an iceberg which its peak that we can see above the ocean— represented as human conscious mind—is too small if we compare it with the part
that is invisible under the ocean—represented as human unconscious mind.
6
1. Psychical Apparatus
When he discussed about human’s personalities, he said that human is basically a biologic creature, so that human performs as his biologic instincts; to
get pleasures and avoid displeasure which is known as pleasure principle in psychoanalysis discussion. Freud also said that human has three kinds of
Psychical apparatus. Each of the psychical apparatus has their own functions and principles, but they cannot be separated so that they can make a totality in
human’s behavior. They are id, ego, and super ego. And every human’s deed is the interaction result among them.
7
a. Id
Id is a very basic of a personality system and it contains everything that is inherited, that is present at birth, and that is laid down in the human
constitution.
8
It is also the oldest among these psychical apparatus. Id has a function as the energy supplier that is need by the other
psychical apparatus in doing their activities. And under the influence of the
6
Kuswara, E. Teori-teori Kepribadian. Bandung: PT. Eresco. 1991. Hal. 32
7
Ibid.
8
Storr, Anthony. Freud; peletakan dasar psikoanalisis. Pustaka Utama Grafiti: Jakarta. 1991. Hal.70
real external world, id reacts to receive stimuli with arrangements of acting as a protective shield against stimuli.
Id has two process steps in getting to its goal. The first process is called as a reflection act, it is kind of act that is done by individual
immediately when id receives stimuli form the external world. For example, reflect in sneezing, coughing, inhaling, etc. And the next step is called as a
primer process which involves complicated psychological reactions. In this process, id tries to decrease the tension which is cause by the external world
by imagining the object that can help the id decrease the tension it faces. In fact, that action is not enough because the tension still exists. So, id needs
another psychical apparatus that can help it as intermediary with the real external world, that is called as ego.
b. Ego
Ego has a central rule in making interactions between individual internal world and external world; it performs its functions based on reality
principle. And Ego has three steps in performing its functions. First, it acts as
reality tester; it means that ego tries to react upon the reality so that it can adapt it and keeps a good relationship between id or internal world and
external world. The second steps is identity, identity is the foundation of individual personality, the stronger of identity in an individual, so the stronger
personality heshe has. Then ego builds this identity from the environment where an individual live especially individual’s parents and family. And the
last step is defense mechanism; defense mechanism is a psyche mechanism that is done by ego in defending individual from any external world pressure.
c. Super-ego
Kategori