Field Notes Instruments and Data Gathering Technique

45 what the students think toward the specific purpose which was being obtained in the research. Second, interview can be used to test the hypotheses or to suggest the new one, also as an explanatory tool to help identify variables and relationships. Third, interview can be employed as the combination with other me thods in research undertaking. Moreover, Kerlinger states, “Interview might be used to follow unexpected results or to validate other methods, or to go deeper into the motivations of respondents and their reasons for responding as they do” as cited in Cohen et al., 2000, p.268. In this research, the researcher used interview to get the validity of questionnaire. Interview was used as the convincing instruments of the questionnaires‟ result. It means that the researcher got the data from questionnaire and then followed by checking the validity of the answers or responses the researcher used interview. In conducting the interview, the researcher needs the respondents. According to Cohen et al. 2000, there are several factors that can be used as the consid erations to choose the respondents. One of those factors is “the respondents‟ level of education” p. 274. Therefore, in this research, the interview involved five students of class VIII F. The students were chosen based on the level of education. The researcher used the scores of the students‟ drafts in cycle two to choose the students. Two of the students were chosen because they had low ability in the writing narrative text since their drafts‟ results did not reach the passing grade. Whereas, other two of the students were chosen because they had high ability in writing narrative texts since their drafts‟ results in cycle 46 two reached the passing grade. One of the students was chosen since the score was slightly over the passing grade. The researcher conducted this interview in the form of “semi-structured interview”. According Fraenkel and Wallen 2009, semi-structured interview is a type of interview which its form is verbal questionnaire. It is explained that, “Rather formal, it consists of a series of questions designed to elicit specific answers from respondents” Fraenkel Wallen, 2009, p. 446. Moreover, Fraenkel and Wallen explain that this type of interview is considered as the best type conducted in the research. “…as they tend to shape responses to the researcher‟s perceptions of how things are. They structured and semi-structured interviews are most useful for obtaining information to test a specific hypothesis that the researcher has in mind” Fraenkel Wallen, 2009, p.46. Therefore, the researcher chose semi-structured interview in order to obtain information which support the results of other instruments.

5. Students’ Drafts

The students‟ drafts became the major source of the data in this research. According to Burns 1999, students‟ drafts as determined as students‟ written texts is a source of documents readily available to all language teachers. Students‟ drafts which were done both individually and in group would be the major data of this research. The researcher asked each student to make two individual drafts and two group drafts of writing narrative text during the whole research. Burns 1999 states that the students‟ writing texts help the researcher assess their progress in writing. Thus, the researcher used the students‟ drafts to