Gender inssues on dorian gray character in the novel the picture of dorian gray by Oscar Wilde : (a study of gender)
CURRICULUM VITAE 1.
Student’s Profile
a. Name : Siti Fatimah
b. Address : Jl.Margahayu raya barat VIII depan Blok A7 No.3 , Bandung
c. Place and Date of Birth : Bandung, 10 May 1991
d. Sex : Female
e. Religion : Moslem
f. Phone : 085721039048
g. E-mail :[email protected] 2.
Educational Background
2.1 Formal Education No Year Institution
1 1996- 1997 TK Islam Taman Firdaus 2 1997 SD Negeri Rancabolang 03
- – 2003 3 2003 SMP Negeri 18 Bandung – 2006 4 2006 SMA Pasundan 2 Bandung – 2009
English Department 5 2009
- – Now Indonesia University of Computer
2.2 Informal Education No Year Institution
1 2009 Juara 1 Story Telling Contest PORAK ( Certified)
5 2011 Feminist, Feminine and Text (Certified) Seminotics: Literature and Media Seminar and 6 2011 Workshop (Certified ) 5 2011 Copywriting Seminar and Workshop Certified) Reaktualisasi Nilai-Nilai Pancasila di Kalangan 6 2012 Generasi Muda Seminar (Certified) 7 2012 English Contest 2012 (Certified)
8 2012 Kreatif Menulis, Rejeki Tak Akan Habis with Raditya Dika Talkshow (Certified) 9 2012 Cross Culture Literary Day Seminar (Certified)
10 2012 Character Building Training (Certified) 11 2012 Program Kreativitas Mahasiswa (PKM) DIKTI 2012 (Certified) 12 2013 Copywriting Seminar “Go Viral” (Certified) 3.
Competency
There are some competencies that the writer has. They are as follows: a. English Correspondence b. Good at English both oral and written c. Operating Computer ( Ms.Office , Adobe Photoshop, Macromedia, and Internet) 4.
Organization and Work Experiences No Year Organization
1 2003-2006 Member of Taekwondo SMPN 18 Bandung Member of Nihon Club SMA Pasundan 2 2 2008-2009 Bandung
GENDER ISSUES ON DORIAN GRAY CHARACTER IN THE NOVEL
“THE PICTURE OF DORIAN GRAY” BY OSCAR WILDE
(A Study of Gender)
ISU GENDER PADA KARAKTER DORIAN GRAY DALAM NOVEL “THE
PICTURE OF DORIAN GRAY” KARYA OSCAR WILDE
(Sebuah Kajian Gender)
SKRIPSI
Submitted to fulfil one of the course requirements of Sarjana Sastra Degree
Undergraduate program of English Department UNIKOM
SITI FATIMAH
63709016
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LETTERS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The writer thanks to the greatest creator Allah S.W.T for the blessings and grace, so that I can complete this skripsi. This skripsi is arranged as one of the academic requirements of the English Department, Faculty of Letters, Indonesia University of Computer. During the preparation and the writing of this skripsi, I get a lot of advices, support, and aid. In this opportunity, I want to thank you as much as possible to:
1. Prof. Dr. Moh. Tadjuddin, M.A. as The Dean of Faculty of Letters, Indonesia University of Computer.
2. Dr. Juanda, as The head of English Department.
3. Nungki Heriyati, S.S., M.A., and Tatan Tawami, S.S., M.Hum., as The writer’s advisors who have given advice and helps the writer to finish this skripsi.
4. Retno Purwani Sari S.S., M.Hum., as The Coordinator of Skripsi.
5. Muhammad Rayhan Bustam, S.S., Asih Prihandini, S.S., M. Hum., Nenden Rikma Dewi, S.S., M.Hum. and as the lecturers in English Department.
6. Mbak Nita and Mbak Tyas as the staffs in Faculty of Letters.
7. My beloved parents, brother, sisters and niece who always support me in material and prayer.
8. Bayu, Teh Uci, Abah, Teh Emma, Bang Andre, A’Galih, Prike, Kemos,
Aip, Aci, Teh Yuan, Teh Rian, Edoy, Mayang, Oline for being a good friend when sad and pain.
9. Yenny Susilowaty, thanks for all support for during to finish this skripsi.
10. Thanks to OneRepublic, Swedish House Mafia, Alesso, AN21, Dirty South, Sebastian Ingrosso, John Martin and Ellie Goulding for the song who always support me with their song during finish this skripsi
The writer realizes that the skripsi is far from perfect. Therefore, the writer expects critic and suggestion from readers. I hope this skripsi will be useful to all college students.
Bandung, 21 August 2013 Siti Fatimah
LIST OF FIGURES
1.7 Framework of Theory
6
REFERENCES
Adams, Lynn. (no year). The Ideal Womanhood in Victorian Britan. On
>
[11/02/13]Butler, Judith. 1990. Gender Trouble: Feminism and Subversion of Idenity. New York: Routledge. Butler, Judith. 1993.
Body That Matter on the Discursive Limits of ―sex‖. New York: Routledge.
D’Hamilton, Chevalier. (no year). Dandysm: Beyond Fashion. On <www.gbacg.org/costume-resources/.../dandy.pdf
> [07/02/13] Hoyenga, Katharine Blick & Kermit. T. Hoyenga. 1993:Gender-Related
Differences: Origins and Outcomes. 6 July 2013. on
Koentjaraningrat. 1976: Metode Penelitian Masyarakat. Jakarta: PT. Gramedia.
Pustaka Utama. Kusumawati. 2007: ―Kepemimpinan Dalam Perspekstif Gender. Adakah
Perbedaan? ‖. Vol 1. No.1. Juni 2007: 37-40
Meolong, Lexy J. 2004: Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung: Rosda. Minderop, Albertine. 2005: Metode Karakterisasi Telaah Fiksi. Edisi Pertama.
Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia. Pater, Walter. 1980: The Renaissance: Studies in Art and Poetry: the 1893 text. 26
July 2013. on
Peterson, Spike & Anne Sisson Runyan. 2009: Global Gender Issues. 16 July 2013. on
Wilde, Oscar. 1992. The Picture of Dorian Gray. London: Wordsworth Classics. Younger, John. G. 2005: Sex in the Ancient World from A-Z. New York: Routledge.
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION1.1 Background to The Study
Gender study is an approach that analyzes gender phenomenon. The term
gender refers to the social and cultural construction of masculinity and femininity
(Kusumawati, 2007). These constructions are not the condition of being male or female biologically. In contrast, it refers to the behavior and the norms of masculinity and femininity. Masculinity and femininity can be said as a set of qualities, characteristics, behaviors and roles of being man or woman.
For example, generally, men are expected to be physically stronger, athletic, bearded, muscular, barbate, big voice, slim-hipped, and broad-shouldered (Kusumawati, 2007). The traits are active, independent, rational, objective, competitive, logic, and not easily get offended. The men
’s gesture, in speaking, for example, are expressive, they tend to utter what they have in mind rather than saying it. Their job tends to demand more physical strength and mechanical skills such as drivers, builders, mechanic, and porters.
In the other hand, women are associated neatness, orderliness, soft voice, small shouldered, big hips (Kusumawati, 2007). Their traits tend to be passive, meaning that they keep silent of what they have in mind, emotional, and
Currently, in some cases, it is difficult to differ between some man and woman in their appearances, traits, gestures, and may be in their professions.
Sometimes they act the other way around, a man acts as a woman and a woman acts as a man. Despite their free self actualization, this seems to divert from the social construction where the norms teaches a man and a woman should act upon the commonly agreed convention of the society.
However, the phenomenon happening on a few characteristic and description above often overlaps with the phenomenon that is currently happening. For example, driver profession has now also been taken by women, similarly housemaid profession has now also been taken by men. Some men also put emphasis on their look and appearances or have long hair cut, making it difficult to be physically recognized as men. This fact also occurs in some women.
Looking at these phenomena, it may be hard to define the masculinity and femininity on a man or woman. This issue is reflected in the literary works; the novel The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde. There is an issue of gender in novel. The Picture of Dorian Gray is an interesting novel to analyze in terms of the gender, masculinity and femininity issues in particular. The gender prescribed by the society can be seen in each character.
Dorian Gray is twenty years old, young and handsome. His youthful and handsomeness makes other characters interested, but he also has feminine side. femininity on Dorian Gray. This character represents the masculinity and femininity in gender and the writer focuses on the issue under the study. The writer analyzes the Dorian Gray character using the Gender Theory. The writer expects to discover the representation the masculinity and femininity through the Dorian Gray character on the novel.
This research enriches the collection of research in English Department of Indonesia University of Computer because none of the existing researches takes into account the case of masculinity and femininity. Therefore, the writer entitles this research “Gender Issues in the Dorian Gray’s Character in the novel The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde”.
1.2 Research Question 1.
How is Dorian’s Masculinity and Femininity described in the novel “The Picture of Dorian Gray”?
2. What is the impact of the Gender Masculinity and Femininity towards the Dorian Gray character?
1.3 Objectives
Based on the research question above, there are several objectives in this research, that are:
1. To describe Dorian’s Masculinity and Femininity representation in the
2. To describe the impact of the Masculinity and Femininity in three main characters.
1.4 Significance to Knowledge
The theoretical benefit of this research is to recognize the masculinity and femininity that influences by aesthetic movement and social construction.
Besides, the writer also hopes this research can give more information for the other researchers who study concerning this topic, the masculinity and femininity in English literature and become the other sources for next researcher. The practical benefit of this research is the masculinity and femininity in person are always influence by the aesthetic and social construction in society.
1.5 Framework of Theory
To analyze the gender issue in this novel, the writer uses the Gender Theory by Judith Butler (1990). Gender is the social construction that differentiates the masculinity and femininity. Butler said,
―gender is an identity
tenuosly constituted in time, instituted in an exterior space through a stylized
repetition of acts.‖ (1990: 140). Gender is not a fixed identity, but it always
changes against time and also fit with the repetition of behaviour or manner.Gender appears because of repetition of act. Gender can influences the persons of identity in society. The Gender builds person’s identity through the social
femininity differentiate man and woman in terms of the manners, behaviour, and
gender roles.Therefore, the writer uses the characterization theory to examine the Dorian Gray in the novel The Picture of Dorian Gray. Dorian Gray character has both masculinity and femininity characteristics. His characteristcs is unique, he can act like a woman but also like a man. His unique characteristic makes an impacts for other character that interested with him, both man and woman. Dorian Gray character will be analyzed by using Gender Theory by Judith Butler and Dorian Gray characteristics describes through the his and other characterization.
Characterization theory that writer used is a process that reveals the personality of character. Characterization have a two types, there are showing and telling. Telling method is delineation direct by the author or by the other character and showing method that analyses the character from their speech, thought, effect, action and looks.
Framework of theory 1.7 THE PICTURE OF DORIAN GRAY DORIAN GRAY MASCULINITY FEMININITY
THE IMPACT OF MASCULINITY AND FEMININITY
GENDERCHAPTER II THEORETICAL REVIEW
2.1 Gender
The word “gender” is from Latin, genus, which means type or species and group. Gender is a social construction that differentiates between the masculinity and femininity.
According to Younger (2005: XV)
―In modern society, masculinity is primarily performed as a set of
repeated and routinized behaviors (men are taught to be ―tall,
dark, handsome, restrained, strong, unemotional‖). Femininity is
also performed, but with seemingly greater variety (women are
taught to be ―flighty, indecisive, emotional, and conscious of
appearance‖). Inantiquity we find similar performances:
women‘s thoughts and emotions are fluid, men‘s controlled.‖Masculinity and femininity are characteristics that are defined by different societies and cultures in different ways. Masculinity and femininity is a stereotype about how man and woman should behave. They learn their appropriate role in the society since they were children. Masculinity pertains to quality such as rational, ambitious, and strong. In contrast, the characteristics of femininity are emotional and weak. Masculinity is considered to have higher status than femininity.
(Jackson & Soresen, in Peterson and Runyan 2009: 332) Talking about masculinity, certainly it cannot be separated with the gender related to man, that is formed by culture. Thus, masculine is traits and it is formed by the culture as a characteristic that is ideal for man. For example, assertive and dominant considered as masculine trait.
A man who has an identical characteristic with the masculine refers to masculine man, if it exceeds, it refers to hyper masculine man but if it less of masculine it refers to effeminate man.
According to Hoyenga & Hoyenga (1993), Feminine is a trait that is more common in woman than man is. Feminine refers to woman trait in culture. It means, feminine is a trait and is formed by culture as the ideal characteristic for woman. Femininity constructs rules that set proper woman’s appearance and behavior.
2.1.1 Masculinity
Masculinity concept is influenced by the culture. The concept of masculinity in society is associated with the industrialization, military power and conventional social gender roles, for example, man should be physically strong, smart, aggressive in sexuality, logic, individualistic, and has a leader characteristic. This association is constructed by the culture and creates a new masculine and all the man repeats it. In Victorian era, the ideal masculinity is man should be spiritual and protective to his family. Victorian society believes that man was considered as protector and faithful believer. It is because the effect of
Moreover, man in Victorian era is active in publicity. Their jobs also contribute the masculine status. It occurs on the middle class man because the aristocrat man is viewed as idle since they do not work commonly. Most of aristocrat man was also active in public as bar, club and party. If they just stay in home, they believe that their masculinity is threatened. They are considered as the weak man or not manly and their status has same level with woman (Sussman, 1992).
Furthermore, the man in Victorian era is also dandy. They love to look interesting. They believe if they are handsome or gussied, they will be accepted by society and the opposite, if they are ugly, they will not be accepted by society and the society will excommunicate with them. It is the effect of French Culture in English that believes the aesthetic leads them into higher status in social (Hamilton: 4).
2.1.2 Femininity
Femininity is a structure that builds the woman traits. It is constructed by the society. The society constructs that woman should take care their children and household. It is same as the concept in Victorian era. In Victorian era, woman should be good, virtuous, and living in domestic life around the family and household. Woman should obey her husband as the ideal woman for man. This concept is influenced by the man thought and Christianity, man thinks that woman woman (Adams, 5). Moreover, woman is also difficult to find a job, because in Victorian era, there has been less job for woman. It is because of the industrial revolution in England. There are only man who can work outside, like factory.
Jobs for woman is only staying at home and doing the activity at house, like cooking, sewing, cleaning, reading, writing, and managing the house. Meanwhile, the society also constructs woman that they should be interesting in society. More and more interesting woman in society, they will be more accepted and get a higher status in man eyes (Adams. 2).
Besides, the Victorian femininity also contributes into the fashion. Body and dress symbolize femininity in woman fashion. The woman body becomes an object of pleasure in fashions (Adams, 3) because the hips, buttocks and breasts were exaggerated and the waist was small as a standard of pretty woman. besides the body, the woman dress is symbolized as interior furnishings (Adams, 3) because when woman wears dress and walk appears the social status of the woman.
2.2 Queer Theory
Queer Theory not only theory talks about homosexuality, but also an approach leading to sexuality matters (sex differences).
‗Queer theory is not a singular or systematic conceptual or
methodological framework, but a collection of intellectual
engagements with the relations between sex, gender and sexual desire.‖ (Spargo, 1992: 9) As Spargo claims, queer has various systematic conceptual and methodology. Queer also focuses on any kind sexual activity or identity that falls into normative and deviant categories. Queer is also contesting of categorization of gender sexuality. Queer said that there is an interval between what a subject “does” (role talking) and what a subject “is” (the self). It makes the identity category that is designed to identify the “sexed subject” and the individual place becomes unstable.
2.2.1 Gender as Perfomative
Gender is performance, it is what someone does at particular times, rather than a universal concept about femininity and masculinity. According to Butler (1993: 125):
To claim that all gender is like drag, or is drag, is to suggest
that "imi-tation" is at the heart of the heterosexual project and
its gender binarisms, that drag is not a secondary imitation that
presupposes a prior and original gender, but that hegemonic
heterosexuality is itself a constant and repeated effort to imitate
its own idealizations. That it must repeat this imitation, that it
sets up pathologizing practices and normalizing sciences in
order to produce and consecrate its own claim on originality
and propriety, suggests that heterosexual performativity is beset
by an anxiety that it can never fully overcome, that its effort to
become its own idealizations can never be finally or fully
achieved, and that it is consis-tently haunted by that domain of
sexual possibility that must be excluded for heterosexualized
gender to produce itself.On quotation above, Butler (1993) emphasizes that gender is imitative borrows this concept from literary theory that is categorized into two kinds. There are constantive and performative. Constantive is the expressive and performative meanings that shape a reality. It emphasizes “I’m man” besides it is expressive; it is also “tell my sex is male”. It is not only that but also performative that “I’m man, so I should act with male norms.” So, It appears performativity. For Butler (1993), gender is like the beauty contest that is performed by the transvestites to prove that they are the perfect woman. The contestants are a male but he can perform in a very feminine way such as slim body, smooth skin, and pretty face.
Thus, “realness” or the truth about gender, the identity and sexuality are produced and reproduced through a set of actions, gesture and desire that is interpreted and implemented until it creates the real gender.
Most of humanist consider someone in gender view as an attribute that is attached by culture, at least become fixed as permanent part on person. However, Butler prefers historic and anthropology position to understand the gender as a relation between social subject that was formed in specific context. It becomes fixed attribute gender on someone as fluid idenity that change in different contect and different times. Society makes gender behavior looks more natural, but if it is seen from time to time, there are changes in the construction of gender performance.
Butler argues that there are power relations in a normative gender. Then in daily life, this will become politic object.
postpones the concrete and contemporary task of rethinking
subversive possibilities for sexuality and identity within the
terms of power itself.‖ (Butler,1993: 30)Generally, masculinity is the open concept, it is not fixed identity and monolithic that separated from race, class, and culture but distance identity that is contradictive. Through the constructions, the masculinity is one of subjectivity signs that fixed the socila idenity. The thought about masculinity in media also gets the influence from Butler. Butler said masculinity concept in identity crisis is not just new class anxiety but as the decreasing stability, relation between gender, and representation,
‗an on going and potentially discontinuous performative masquerade‘. .
2.2.2 Homoerotic
According to Younger (2005: 80)
―Homoeroticism, the erotic attraction
between members of the same sex, either male-male or female-female.
Homoerotic is a sexual attraction between man-man and female-female. Homoerotic is also related with the Hellenistic period, a period in Greek history
th st
around 4 -1 BC. This period is focused on two things that are believed to be connected to Homoeroticism. It is namely art and education.
The art is portraying on the human figure as an object of beauty through art. The most familiar object of beauty is through Greek statues of young men in the nude. The Greek statues become the standard model of perfect man. Other relationship during the Hellenistic period is known as Paiderastia. As Younger (2005: 141) said,
―the eroticized socialization of an adolescent boy into Greek male society by an adult man.‖ It emphasizes on the relationship between boy and
man. Paiderastia is a relationship based on the older man teaching the young boy the ways of life and how to become a man. However, sex builds a big part in interaction between boy and man. The fact that the education that a man educates the boy builds a standard that most boy in ancient Greek were seen as desirable mostly when they were young and beautiful. The relation should have had a sexual relation called homoerotic.
2.3 Character & Characterization
Character is a portrait of a real person. As D.K. Peterson’s (1999: 1) said,
―Characters are the ―people‖ intexts, and characterization is the author‘s
presentation and development of characters.‖ Character is the important elementin the story. Character can be real like human, animal, monster and robot. The function of character also to builds the story. In determine the character in literary works needs characterization method.
Characterization is a method used by an author to develop the character. According to Albertine Minderop (2005), characterization has two types. There are showing and telling methods.
2.3.1 Telling Method
The telling method is
―Metode langsung (telling) mencakup karakterisasi
melalui penggunaan nama tokoh, karakterisasi melalui penampilan tokoh,
karakterisasi melalui tuturan pengarang (Minderop, 2005: 4). The statement says
the character is directly told by the author. This method is used on the literary works while literature can be seen and enjoyed from the author explanation. On this method, characterization can be using name and appearance of the character and author narration.
2.3.2 Showing Method
The showing is indirect characterization that the author reveals the character by the action, speech, looks, thought and effect.
The other method is the indirect, the dramatic method of
showing, which involves the author‘s stepping aside, as it were,
to allow the characters to reveal themselves directly through
and their actions. With showing, much of the burden of
character analysis is shifted to the reader, who is required to
infer character on the basis of the evidence provided in the
narrative (Minderop, 2005:22).In this method, the reader can conclude about the character description in the novel without the author interference. This showing method has a few way, through what the character says, the character’s appearance and environment, the charact er’s thought, what the character does (inward and outward behavior), and
2.4 Aesthetic Movement
Aesthetic movement was a movement during the late 19th century that focused on the idea that Art for Art’s Sake. Aesthetic placed a very high opinion on beauty. It was a literary and social movement, which differed in the way which it viewed art and its connection to life. The origin of the English Aesthetic Movement can be traced back to the literary works in 19th century. The worship of beauty and the lack of interest were in social and political problems. It hideous contemporary industrial world and be realized the creation of beauty as a duty to society. The theorist of the English Aestheticism was Walter Pater who stated that personal experience is the only valid criterion of judgment.
Beauty, like all other qualities presented to human experience, is
relative; and the definition of it becomes unmeaning and useless
in proportion to its abstractness. To define beauty, not in the
most abstract but in the most concrete terms possible, to find,
not its universal formula, but the formula which expresses most
adequately this or that special manifestation of it, is the aim of
the true student of aesthetics. (Palter, 1980, XIX)Through this statement, he explains that the aesthetic values are primary and befall all other value even moral and ethical ones. Hence, theories are useless and only impressions are real, but impressions are elusive since the world of experience in a continuously changing the flow. The end of life is not the result of the experience but the capacity of experiencing the greatest possible number of impressions. The ideal is a life of sensations, which achieves its high realization in the worship of beauty and art for art’s sake, because the highest pleasure can be
CHAPTER III RESEARCH OBJECT AND METHOD
3.1 Research Object
The object in this research is the masculinity and femininity through Dorian Gray character. This research attempts to investigate the masculinity and femininity of Dorian’s Gray character and to examine the influence to Dorian character towards the other character. The data is taken from the novel The
Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde. The writer chooses this novel because
gender issue is interesting in the novel.The novel tells about inexperience young man in very young age named Dorian Gray. His father was killed in duel at Spa a few months after the marriage and his mother died too within a year after Dorian born. Because his parents die, he lives alone without anyone teach him. Then, his life changes when he comes to London. He met Basil Hallward, a London painter at ball. They are acquainted and become close friend until Basil makes the picture of Dorian Gray. When Basil finishes the picture, Lord Henry, a nobleman and friend of Basil is accompanying Basil with sitting and praise the beauty of Dorian. Lord Henry says that the picture is the most magnificent picture and suggests to exhibit the picture, but Basil refuse. Basil does not want to exhibit the painting anywhere. Then, Basil Lady Brandon house, a woman of high society who hosted the party where Basil and Dorian met. On the first time, Basil stares Dorian Gray; he is fascinated with the beauty of face and body of Dorian Gray like Late Greek sculpture. Basil also says since he met with Dorian Gray that he seems happy to make a painting.
Hearing the story about Dorian Gray from Basil, Lord Henry becomes interesting to meet with Dorian Gray and he asks to meet him with Dorian. When Lord Henry asks, Basil hesitates and does not want to introduce Lord Henry with Dorian because he is afraid if Lord Henry will influence Dorian with his hedonist life. On the other hand, suddenly, Dorian comes to Basil studio and Basil cannot refuse to introduce Lord Henry to Dorian. However, before Basil introduces Lord Henry to Dorian Basil reminds Lord Henry not to influence Dorian with his hedonist life.
Nonetheless, as strong as Basil asks Lord Henry not to influence Dorian, Lord Henry keep influences Dorian with his through about youth, beautiful, pleasure, and woman. At the beginning, Dorian does not accept Lord Henry thought, but slowly Dorian starts to accept it. Dorian starts to fascinates with Lord Henry and learns everything that Lord Henry tells. Lord Henry tells about Dorian has a beauty and youthfulness and Dorian should keep the beauty and youthfulness because the beauty and youth is wonder of wonder. Then, Dorian realizes his beauty and youth through the picture. He captivated with his own beauty and youth. Then he says someday he will old and wrinkle but the picture
When Basil hears Dorian said about that, Basil blames Lord Henry giving influence to Dorian. Basil wants to rip the picture but Dorian prevents Basil to do it and Dorian says that the picture now becomes part of his soul.
As the next impact from Lord Henry thought, Lord Henry and Dorian Gray friendship are closer. They hang out together like going to club, dinner; going to ball, watching an opera and hunting. When Dorian comes to Lord Henry house, Dorian tells to Lord Henry that he fall in love with street actress named Sybil Vane. Dorian tells that Sybil was so beautiful, pretty and talented. Hearing that, Lord Henry gives an influence to Dorian. Lord Henry seems unhappy with the relationship between Dorian and Sybil. He tells not to be serious with woman because only few woman worth to be noticed, but Dorian still loves Sybil Vane.
Then, Dorian invites Basil and Lord Henry to see Sybil performance in the next night. When they are seeing Sybil performance, they are not seeing like the beautiful performance as Dorian said. They see bad performance that Sybil shows. Dorian feels upset because Sybil gives a bad performance and it makes him feel ashamed among his friends. Then, Dorian rejects Sybil after the performance and leaves the theater.
After, the tragedy of Sybil Vane Dorian comes back to his house after dawn. He enters to his house and sitting in his bedroom, then his sight directed to his painting. He walks closer to the painting and examines the painting. Dorian surprises to see his painting has changes become ugly and his face has never been everything to stay young and he would barter his soul with the beauty and youth. The changing of his painting makes him remember with his rejection to Sybil Vane. He is afraid with his beauty and youth that will be old and wrinkle. He remembers with what he did to Sybil that reflected through the painting. So he decides to ask forgiveness from Sybil Vane because his action last night.
Then, Dorian writes a letter to Sybil Vane about his rejection last night. When Dorian writes a letter, Lord Henry comes to Dorian house and he would like to cheer up Dorian because the bad performance of Sybil Vane last night.
Dorian tells Lord Henry, he writes a letter to Sybil to ask forgiveness. In fact, before Dorian sends the letter Lord Henry says that Sybil Vane was death. Lord Henry asks Dorian that did he read the letter from him, but Dorian does not yet read the letter. Lord Henry says he wrote a letter about Sybil Vane suicide, she drank poison last night. Dorian surprises to hear the news about Sybil Vane suicide. Dorian is very upset with that and regret with his action.
However, Lord Henry does not feel regret with Dorian’s action. He suggests to forget it with come with him to watch the opera and meet with his cousin. At first, Dorian does not want to go, but Lord Henry persuades Dorian to come and forget it. Finally, Dorian gives way to Lord Henry and he goes out with Lord Henry to watch the opera and meet with Lord Henry’s cousin.
Years passed, Dorian become a man and he keeps his secret about Sybil Vane death that makes Dorian keep pretending as a good man. His regret appears exhibiting his painting. Basil surprises with Dorian beauty and youth that has never been change. Dorian is only smile and invites Basil for come to his house.
Then, Basil come and follows Dorian to his house.
When Dorian was sitting, Basil asks about his life and about the news of Dorian scandal. Dorian is not interest with the rumor about him, but Basil keeps asking to him. It makes Dorian hysterics and angry to Basil. Then, Dorian decides to show him the secret about his soul that the thing makes him haunted by his guilty. Dorian shows the painting to Basil that makes him haunted by his guilty.
Basil shocks see the painting change into an ugly man. At first, Basil does not believe with the change of this painting; he thinks that it is not his painting made by him. However, Dorian explains because the painting that has destroyed his soul. Dorian blames Basil that everything happen because the painting. Basil asks Dorian to ask forgiveness to God, it is never too late to ask. On the other hand, Dorian uncontrolled feeling mad to Basil and he sees a knife on the table, then Dorian take a knife and stab him at backside repeatedly. He does not regret with his actions.
After that, Dorian was still haunting by his sinful to Sybil and Basil death. When he is alone at his house, he stares at his picture. He looks round and sees the knife stabbed to Basil. He cleans the knife and stabs his picture with it. There was a cry heard and shout out from the Dorian house.
Dorian housekeeper woke up cause their hearing of terrible sound. Two locked it, so they climb through the roof. They found dead man in the evening dress and the knife in his heart. He is withered, wrinkled and old. They know that he is Dorian Gray.
3.2 Research Method
The research uses qualitative method. According to Bogdan and Taylor in Meleong (2004: 3)
―Metodologi kualitatif sebagai prosedur penelitian yang
menghasilkan data deskriptif berupa kata-kata tertulis atau lisan dari orang-
orang dan perilaku yang dapat diamati.‖ The qualitative describes and explains
data toward the phenomena that happen.The Descriptive method is also used to describe the data clearly based on the facts and examine the problem based on Gender Theory by Judith Butler.
According to Koentjaraningrat (1976: 30)
―Penelitian yang bersifat deskriptif
yaitu yang memberikan gambaran yang secermat mungkin mengenai individu,
keadaan, gejala atau kelompok tertentu.‖ Thus, by using descriptive method the
writer can explain the phenomenon of masculinity and femininity in a more comprehensive way.
3.2.1 Data Collection
The writer uses the library research to collect the data. The writer uses several steps as follow:
2. After reading the novel, the writer chooses the data that related with the masculinity and femininity. The indicator of masculinity and femininity found in this novel is body, behaviour, and social norms. It will be analyzed based on the gender theory.
3. The writer classifies the data based on the gender that contains with the masculinity and femininity. The writer classify the data that can be analyzed and fnd the theories that support the analysis. The last the writer analyze the data that has been classify use the gender theory by Judith Butler that has been found.
3.2.2 Data Analysis
In data analysis, the writer describes the characterization of Dorian Gray using characterization theory through showing and telling methods. By using the showing and telling method, the writer interprets Dorian characterization from beginning until the end of story. Then, the writer examines Dorian interpretation on femininity and masculinity using Gender Theory by Judith Butler. Here is the sample of data analysis:
Dorian Gray, the main character in this novel, is characterized as a good- looking young man. As seen in the description of his picture in the following
―stood the full-length portrait of a young man of extraordinary personal
beauty.‖ (Wilde, 1992: 5). However, he is an inexperience young man. As
―I feel quite sure of that. He is some brainless, beautiful creature,
who should be always here in winter when we have no flowers to
look at, and always here in summer when we want something to
chill our intelligence.‖ (Wilde, 1992: 6)The data above describes Dorian characterization through the telling method that is from Lord Henry character. It shows that Dorian is “...He is some
brainless, beautiful creature,‖ (Wilde, 1992: 6.). It shows that Dorian brainless.
His brainless shows his femininity traits. Although Dorian was man, he also has a feminine side. His feminine side describes by Lord Henry “who should be always
here in winter when we have no flowers to look at, and always here in summer
when we want something to chill our intelligence.” (Wilde, 1992:6). It is describe that Lord Henry imagines Dorian was a woman brainless and beautiful stay in home. His brainless and beautiful is more feminine fit with woman. It indicates that he is inexperience.
CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS Woman and man are constructed to be masculine and feminine by the society. The society gives the ideas how masculine and feminine act and behave. This social construction is reflected in the novel The Picture of Dorian Gray. Dorian Gray, the main character in this novel, is characterized as a good-
looking young man. As seen in the description of his picture in the following
―stood the full-length portrait of a young man of extraordinary personal
beauty.‖ (Wilde, 1992: 5). However, he is an inexperience young man. As
described by Lord Henry, one of the character that later becomes his friend, below
―I feel quite sure of that. He is some brainless, beautiful creature,
who should be always here in winter when we have no flowers to
look at, and always here in summer when we want something to
chill our intelligence.‖ (Wilde, 1992: 6)The data above describes Dorian characterization through the telling method that is from Lord Henry character. Lord Henry describes Dorian as a brainless person, which indicates that he is inexperience. Lord Henry also describes Dorian as if Dorian is a woman figure by using the word beautiful instead of handsome, and he is also depicted as flower as seen here, “who should
be always here in winter when we have no flowers to look at, and always here in
summer when we want something to chill our intelligence.‖ The description from beautiful and flower. Those words pertain to women’s characteristic which indicate Dorian Gray’s feminine side.
Dorian is inexperience young man because he lost his parents at a very young age. His father was killed in duel at Spa a few months later after the marriage and his mother died too, within a year.
―The poor chap was killed in duel at Spa, a few months after the
marriage. There was an ugly story about it. They said Kelso got
some rascally adventurer, some Belgian brute, to insult his son-in-law in public; paid him, sir, to do it, paid him; and that the
fellow spitted his man as if he had been a pigeon. The thing was
hushed up, but, egad, Kelso ate his chop alone at the club for