Purpose of Sex Trafficking

definition is a belief in the principle that women should have the same right as men. 22 In United States, organized womens movement firstly appeared in convention at Seneca Falls in 1848, proclaimed another version of United States declaration of independence from “all men are created equal” should be read as “all men and women are created equal”. 23 The history of early feminist movements is divided into three waves. The first wave comprised womens suffrage movements of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, promoting womens right to vote. Because suffagists chose to believe that simply by gaining the vote, women had indeed become men’s equals. 24 The second wave campaigned for legal and social equality for women which began in the mid- 1960s. Along with the publication of the book titled The Feminine Mystique by Betty Friedan which make United Stated society aware of gender inequality. 25 The third wave is a continuation of and a reaction to the perceived failures of second- wave feminism, beginning in the 1990s. 26 According to Soenarjati Djajanegara the main purpose of feminism is improving womens position and status in order to have equality with the position and status of men. Feminism is not women movement which intend to dominate men, but intend to have same position and right as men despite of they are very different with men in biologically. 27 The appearance of Feminism cannot be 22 Victoria Bull, Oxfo rd Learner’s Pocket Dictionary New York: Oxford University Press, 2008 p. 163 23 Sunarjati Djajanegara, Sebuah Pengantar Kritik Sastra Feminis, Jakarta; Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 2000 p.1 24 Tong, Op.Cit., 4 th ed. p. 33-34 25 Djajanegara, Op. Cit., p. 9-10 26 Rosemarie Tong, Feminis Thought: A More Comprehensive Introduction United States of America: Westview Press, 2009, 3 rd ed. p. 271, 286 27 Djajanegara, Op. Cit., p. 4 separated from the gender inequality issue. Gender itself is the behavior and identity which are considered according between women and men femininity and masculinity, formed socially and culturally. 28 Difference of gender become a problem if there is gender inequality inside it. Woman is an object which always receive the gender inequality. Because gender commonly uses as the basic system to diver the position between men and women by patriarchal society. Feminism is a response againts the gender inequality which defense woman right from marginalization, subordination, stereotype, and violence toward woman. According to Mansour Faqih in Pemikiran Islam Kontemporer Book 29 , the causes of gender inequality are: 1 Marginalization of women in every aspect of life family, job, society. 2 Subordination as impact of assumption which women are too irrational and emotional to make an important decision. 3 Stereotype which is prejudice to women. For example; women always blamed for sexual harrasment case because women’s primp considered as provoke men to do sexual crime. 4 Violence againts women, means all kind of violence toward woman both in physically and psychologically because of assumption that woman is weaker than man, then man can hit woman freely. The example of violence againts women, such as: a Domestic Violence; b Rape marital rape or normal rape; c Stonig and Honor Killings; d Selective abortion; 28 Tong, Op.Cit., 4 th ed. p. 72 29 Abdullah Ahmad Na’im, et al. Pemikiran Islam Kontemporer Yogyakarta: Penerbit Jendela, 2003 p. 126-127