a. Attitudes or behaviors
b. Attitudes or behaviors detrimental: inferiority, superiority, over confidence,
fear of making mistake, and self absorption.
beneficial: self confidence, sympathy, enthusiasm, wide interests, humility, cheerfulness, concentration, sincerity,
appropriateness, convincing, and sense of humour.
Principles in choosing words
Choosing words based on how our feelings, ideas to be conveyed and the level of the audience knowledge. Therefore, we can follow some of the principles
of using words: clear, concrete, concise, colorful, current, cautious, note whether
the words including taboo words.
Humor is the best way to break the frozen situation. However, humor should be associated with the speaker, topic, audience or occasion. Nothing is
more embarrassing than the jokes are not funny, so, be careful using humor.
3.2 The Subjects
After composing a speech text, the speaker can speaking from manu- script or read all the text. In this way the speaker is often done to maintain
caution. The speaker is able to make cue cards for to replace the full text. These notes contain important things of the speech, key words, or just an outline. Most
of speaker memorize the text. Not all of the audience response or easy to understand the messages
being conveyed verbally only. An idea will be more easily understood by a certain audience when the idea was conveyed with the help of visual aids that stimulate
the sense of sight. These visual aids can be yourselfself-demonstration,
chalkboardwhiteboard, poster, video and film, overhead projector OHP, living model and physical object, slide projector 35 mm and printed materialshand-outs.
Items to think about before your presentation
a. Computer Hardware and Software
Always check hardware and software immediately before the presentation to make sure all systems are functioning.
b. Overhead Projector
Is the bulb working and is a spare bulb available? Is the projection glass clean? Do you need extra transparencies and projectable pens to create
overlays? c.
Flip Chart Is there enough paper? Do you have a supply of marking pens?
d. Handouts
Are handouts easily accessible and in order, so they can be distributed with minimum disruption? Have you arranged for assistance in handing them out
if needed? e.
Microphones If speaking to more than 50 people you will probably need a microphone.
Before your presentation you may want to request a microphone that allows you to move around. Request a broadcast lavelier mike that will hook on your
jacket or tie and allow you to keep your hands free. f.
Lighting
Try to leave on as much light as possible. Dimming the lights can contribute to people dozing off, especially after lunch.
g. Seating Arrangement
If you have control over seating in the room, exercise it. If possible, arrange the seating so that the exit and entrance to the room are at the rear. In this
way, if people come and go, it will cause the least amount of distraction. If you know approximately how many people are going to be present, try to
make sure that there are approximately as many seats as people. That way you won’t have your audience sitting in the back of the room. Keeping your
audience closer will focus their attention where you want it.
Most presentations in the business and technical world use either overhead transparencies or, more and more frequently, computer projected slides.
So, we will focus on their use. However, tips on using flip charts, whiteboards, and other media are also covered in this section.
Use slides or visuals when you need to:
1. Focus the audience’s attention 2. Reinforce your verbal message
3. Stimulate interest 4. Illustrate factors that are hard to visualize
3.3 The Audiences
