2.1.1. Stabilization of Soil
The study by Al-Khashab and Al-Hayalee ’ 2008 deals with the
possibility of the stabilization of expansive clayey soil pre-treated by lime, with an emulsified asphalt addition. Soil from the 2nd Kafaat District in Mosul was
chosen. It is classified as medium to high expansiveness. Their research focus in the pre-treated soil was performed with lime addition 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 by
weight. After short period, emulsified asphalt was added with different percentages namely 2, 4, 6 and 8 by weight, for optimum percentages of an
emulsified asphalt to give the most useful stabilization aspects. The test result of lime addition alone shows that there was a considerable reduction in soil
plasticity, 1.5 of lime addition converted the clayey soil towards non-plastic types. The emulsified asphalt addition to the mixture caused slight increase in the
plasticity but, their values in the whole remained below the value of the natural soil.
Stefan and Hossains 2003 research focus in recycling of the materials obtained from the milling of asphalt pavements, known as RAP Reclaimed
Asphalt Pavement, involves mixing RAP with asphalt cementemulsion and aggregates in definite proportions to produce a new asphalt concrete mix or cold-
in place recycled mixture. In many cases, the RAP is unusable because it is not uniform i.e. it may originate from different sources or the underlying pavement
does not provide adequate structural support. One solution to this inadequate support problem is construction of a base with full depth reclamation FDR
materials stabilized with foamed asphalt. The results show that the estimated structural layer coefficient of the foamed asphalt stabilized FDR Full Depth
Reclamation base materials was 0.18.
Sabats 2014 research focuses on engineering properties of an expansive soil stabilized with Rice Husk Ash RHA and lime sludge. Compaction
properties, California bearing ratio, shear strength parameters, compression index, swelling pressure and durability of an expansive soil stabilized with rice husk ash
and lime sludge have been discussed in this paper. RHA added to soil was from 5 to 20 in steps of 5 and lime sludge from 4 to 16 in steps of 4. Properties of
the stabilized soil studied were, UCS as shown in Figure 2.1., CBR of soil as shown in Figure 2.2., cohesion as shown in Figure 2.3., and angle of internal
friction as shown in Figure 2.4. The optimum percentage of RHA and lime sludge for stabilization of soil was found to be 10 and 16 respectively.
Figure2.1.Effect of UCS on RHA Figure 2.2.Effect of CBR on lime Source : Sabat 2014 Source : Sabat 2014
Figure 2.3. Effect of C on lime Figure 2.4. Effect of φ on lime
Source: Sabat 2014 Source: Sabat 2014
Riaz . S, et al 2014 in their study focus on stabilization of sub-grade soils using cement and lime. The purpose of the study was to stabilize sub-soil using
soil improvement techniques to reduce the cost of construction. For this purpose, disturbed samples from Kala Shah Kaku KSK were tested to evaluate the effect
of different additives on strength of soil. Further two different additives i.e. Lime and Ordinary Portland cement OPC were chosen for treatment of soil obtained
from KSK area. Samples were remolded by addition of additives in varying percentages up to 2-8 cement and 4-15 lime by dry weight of the soil. From
the study, it is concluded that the application of cement lime showed tremendous improvement in UCS and CBR value with increase in cement or lime
contents as shown in Figure 2.5.
Figure 2.5.Effect of cement a and lime b on unconfined compressive strength qu at various percentages of cement with time.
Source: Riaz . S, et al 2014
2.1.2 Emulsified Asphalt
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