INTODUCTION 1 LITERATURE RIVIEW 4 METHODOLOGY 19 RESULTS 36 DISCUSSION 46

CONTENTS CHAPTER TOPIC PAGE DECLARATION ii DEDICATION iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iv ABSTRACT v ABSTRAK vi CONTENTS ix LIST OF TABLE x LIST OF FIGURE xi NOMENCLATURE xii LIST OF APPENDIX xiii

CHAPTER 1 INTODUCTION 1

1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY 1 1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT 2 1.3 OBJECTIVES 2

1.4 SCOPE

3 1.5 OVERVIEW 3

CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE RIVIEW 4

2.1 METHOD 4 2.2 TERMINOLOGY 4 2.2.1 FRACTURE 5 2.2.1.1 FRACTURE TOUGHNESS 5 2.2.1.2 NOTCH 10 2.2.2 LOW CARBON STEEL 10 2.2.3 THREE POINT BENDING 12 2.2.4 CARBURIZING 14 2.2.5 FLEXURAL TEST 17

CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY 19

3.1 METHOD 19 3.2 SPECIMEN PREPARATION 21 3.3 CARBURIZING PROCESS 26 3.4 FLEXURAL TEST 29 3.5 FATIGUE PRE-CRACKING 31 3.6 FRACTURE TOUGHNESS TEST 31

CHAPTER 4 RESULTS 36

4.1 FLEXURAL TEST 36 4.2 FATIGUE PRE-CRACK 39 4.3 FRACTURE TOUGHNESS TEST 42

CHAPTER 5 DISCUSSION 46

5.1 FRACTURE 46 5.2 COMPARISON BETWEEN UN-CARBURIZED AND 48 CARBURIZED SPECIMENS

5.3 FACTORS AFFECTING FLEXURAL TEST, PRECRACKING

AND FRACTURE TOUGHNESS TEST 49 5.4 KEY FACTORS IN PEFORMING THREE POINT BEND TEST 51

CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION