Objective of the Study Significance of the Study

10 examination. The goal of summative test is to make a judgment of student competency, after an instructional phase is complete. 5. Proficiency test Douglas Brown in his Book Teaching by Principle s states that ―Proficiency test is not intended to be limited to any one course, curriculum, or single skill in the language. Proficiency test have traditionally consisted of standardized multiple choice items on grammar, vocabulary, reading comprehension, aural comprehension, and sometimes a sample of writing. 16 Hughes stated that ―Proficiency tests are designed to measure people‘s ability in a language, regardless of any training they may have had in that language. The content of a Proficiency test, therefore, is not based on the content or objectives of language courses that people taking the test may have followed. Rather, it is based on a specification of what candidates have to be able to do in the language in order to be considered proficient. 17 They are not necessary in developing or administered with measurement are often used for placement or selection and their relative merits lay in their ability to spread students out according to ability of a proficiency range within the desired area of learning. In addition, Valette explains that the objective of the proficiency test is to determine whether the people‘s language ability is in accordance with specific language requirement. 18 Based on what students want to be able to acquire in the language, and his language that have not related to some previous courses. And also show whether the candidates have reached certain specific abilities or not. 6. Progress test Based on the book Language Test Contraction and Evaluation , ―the progress test measures how much the student has learned specific course of instruction. ‖ 19 16 H. D. Brown, op. cit., p. 384. 17 Hughes, op. cit., p. 11. 18 Valette , op. cit., p. 6. 19 Valette, op. cit., p. 5. 11 Progress test is Teacher can administer it at any time of language course and to measure skill of the student. According to Hughes, progress achievements tests are intended to measure the progress the students progress are making. 20 It means the purpose of this test is to measure students progress and progress test are have various stages through a language course. The progress test measure how much the student has learned in a specific course of instruction and teacher prepares for administration at the end of a unit or end a semester 21 Thus, progress test means a test that measure student progress in particular lesson and the teacher administer that tests on the process of learning.

7. Aptitude test.

The aptitude test is to know the appropriate course or program that will make the students successful based on their skill. Thus, these tests are given before the students begin to study and to select them in section appropriate to their ability. Meanwhile, Vallete, ―The aptitude test is conceived as a prognostic measure that whether a student is likely to learn a second language readily .‖ 22 It‘s concludes that, aptitude tests are a test that used to predict students‘ ability in target language that they will have in studying it.

B. Item Analysis

1. Definition of The Item Analysis

Item analysis is need because it is the process of analyzing a test to know the effectiveness of an item as a small unit in the test. It will show which item must be revised and which one must not. Analysis Item analysis is thus useful to identify those items which were answered correctly by the more able students taking the test and badly by the less able students. The identification of certain difficult items in the test, together with knowledge of the performance of the 20 Hughes, op. cit., p. 14. 21 Valette, loc. cit., p. 5. 22 Vallete, loc. cit.,