Use of M CROWD

3.1 Use of M

OGC Open G information us message servic Figure 28: Lef al, 2011. R bicycle cou There are man in disaster man sites, or as giv project, to mo CO, NOx, n sensor technol mounted sens shown on the r The now com text service ha crowdsourced dynamic resp could not be painful and slo Air photos can been common used to updat survey in othe This has chan survey instrum trained staff is on a largely al gather informa But these ban Indeed, they collecting them project may no for data collec the map shee created by the to Protect Rur 500m square r tranquillity sc participation. according to a rural idyll. Mobile Devices GeoSMS provid sing the text SM ce in use can be ft, alert messag Right, map of C uriers for the O ny possibilities nagement proce ven in Resch e onitor air quali noise, and weat logy in the latte sors used in C right in Figure mmonplace GPS ave led to a rap material, and onse and upda used in this m ow if it involve n be used to ide n practice for l te detail in man ers. The latter p nged markedly ments, but main s still a major co ltruistic band of ation for timely nds of voluntee are becomin matic data for p ot be organised ction, refinemen et for Derbysh Tranquillity pr ral England , w raster for Engla core for each Red indicates a variety of me des a means of MS service. An e seen on the le ge example, sent CO in Copenhag pen Scents pro 2012. for using this edures at some et al 2011 in t ity capturing d ther parameters er case is the u Copenhagen. Th 28. S, mobile phon pid growth in th most importan ating. A decad manner, updati d trips to the fie entify change th land survey. T ny cases, or at process was ne with the arriva ntaining a suffic ost limitation. T f editors roamin y updates; a maj ers are not limi ng increasingl projects they pe d by volunteers nt and update. hire shown in roject, run by th where Jackson e and showing a q h cell by crow qualitatively a asures used, an f sending geos n example of s ft in Figure 28. t by SMS Bou gen, generated oject Resch et a service, for ins of the Ushahid the Common S data related to s. A novel aspe se of courier bi he resulting m ne and its assoc heir use in gath ntly, now allow de ago, when ng of any sort eld. hrough time, an The photos cou t least guide gr ecessarily very al of small GPS cient body of su Today OSM can ng the countrys jor change. ited to basic su ly concerned rceive essential , but uses VGI One such exa Figure 29, wa he CPRE Camp et al 2008 crea qualitatively de wd sourced p a least tranquil nd green expose spatial such a . ulos et by al, stance di web Scents gases ect of icycle map is ciated hering w for SMS t was nd has uld be round slow. S and urvey n rely side to urvey. with l. The input ample, as the paign ated a efined public l area es the Fi cove res It be keep perce in s econ from coun al 2 of dy VGI poss Fig A m surve mob the s areas the o PGI senso refin incom gure 29: CPRE ering Derbyshir solution of grid came apparent p a check on eived level of t ome areas. T nomically and m mobile phon ntryside, record 011 conducted ynamic geospa involvement, ibilities of the c gure 30: Infillin geo-d major problem eys tend to be ile signals caus survey required s of the country other hand the p volunteers cou or data could b ning at the co ming multimed E Tranquillity su re. From Pawlow cells of origina 500m that it would b dynamic and tranquillity, and he only way efficiently was nes that, as th ed position, voi d the survey and atial survey cam and the iterativ collection proce ng dynamic upd data. From Paw with the tech conducted in sed difficulties. d some crowd tr yside required lo process was suf uld be used, dep e transmitted au ntrol centre m dia data was full urvey of Englan wicz et al 201 al CPRE survey m. be useful to upd d fluctuating c d to provide hi this could b s by using VG the volunteers ice, and photos nd concluded th me from its ad ve repetitive re ess. dating with mul wlowicz 2011. hnique was th rather rural ar Also the qualit training. Mobili ots of volunteer ufficiently flexib pending on typ utomatically, li might be deve ly and reliably nd, SK sheet, 1. Note coarse y, at 500m by date this map to changes in the igher definition e done at all GI data derived traversed the s. Pawlowicz et at the strengths daptability, the al time control ltimedia VGI . hat tranquillity reas, and weak tative nature of ity across large r good will. On ble that VGI or e of education, ive AI-like data loped, and all geo-tagged. o e n l d e t s e l y k f e n r , a l Volume XL-1W1, ISPRS Hannover Workshop 2013, 21 – 24 May 2013, Hannover, Germany 410

3.2 Problem