10 students are difficult to understand the reading materials and are tend to be
passive in discussing reading materials. Furthermore, teachers as facilitator must help the students to be active by using questions in pre-reading activity.
2. Participants
The participants of this research were three teachers; Teacher A, Teacher B, and Teacher C. They were from three different classes in Bethany
Elementary School. They teach English from the 3
rd
– 5
th
Grader of Bethany Elementary School. The writer chose the participants by using a sample of
convenience. It is because the location of wher e the writer‟s living. Actually,
she lived in Salatiga, and then the location of the school was near from her house. Thus, it helped her easily to seek for the participants.
3. Instruments of data collection
In collecting data, the writer used observation as the instrument. In the observation, she did twelve times observation see Table 3.1.
Teacher Date
Duration minutes
A Wednesday, November 14
th
, 2012 7
Tuesday, January 8
th
, 2013 12
Friday, February 1
st
, 2013 16
Monday, February 4
th
, 2013 10
B Wednesday, January 23
rd
, 2013 8
Wednesday, January 30
th
, 2013 7
Wednesday, February 6
th
, 2013 10
Wednesday, February 20
th
, 2013 12
C Monday, February 4
th
, 2013 13
Thursday, February 14
th
, 2013 18
Wednesday, February 27
th
, 2013 10
Wednesday, March 20
th
, 2013 20
Table 3.1 Time of data collection
11 According to the Table 3.1, in each observation, the writer conducted
the observation in approximately seven to twenty minutes for each observation. The reason was because the writer just would like to focus on the
teachers‟ questions during pre-reading activity. In this observation, the writer used real time observation because she wanted to get many examples of
questions during the pre-reading activity and she would like to see the nature of the teaching learning process in the classes naturally. Moreover, in this
research, the writer would add field notes to collect the data because it would be easier to analyze the data that she got during the real time observation.
4. Data collection procedure
First of all, the data for the study were collected by piloting using real- time observation, in which the researcher used observation template to write
down the questions that the teachers ask in warming up activity see Table 3.2.
Table 3.2 Observation template Date: 12
th
September 2012 Topic: The Ocean
Grade: III Teacher: A B C
No Teacher‟s Questions
Types of Teacher‟s Questions
Notes C
I R
E 1.
Have you ever gone to the beach?
√ All students: Yes
2. What are the names of
beaches that you‟ve ever visited?
√ S1 : Parangtritis
S2 : Pangandaran S3 : Kuta
S4 : Sanur
