elaborate, create analogies, take a note, summarize, or to give instruction. To conclude, the relation between mind mapping and metacognitive structure is that
mind mapping technique is generally able to cover the element of metacognitive strategies for instance: planning, monitoring, and evaluating.
b. The Power of Memory in Mind Mapping
Memory is a key component on how an individual can retrieve information for learning Brooks Dansereau, 1987, in Trevino, 2005: 2. Teachers utilize
various instructional strategies to be effective in assisting students’ learning. Cooperative learning, note-taking assistance, memory devices, graphic organizers,
and other methodological reinforcements are instrumental to support instruction. Ausubel 1962viewed that graphic organizers are beneficial tools and can facilitate
learning in an organized manner p.3. Teachers may use these in various content areas.
Furthermore, there are two major categories of memory, namely explicit and implicit memory Jensen, 1998; Sousa, 1995, in Trevino, 2005: 21-22.
1. Explicit Memory Declarative Memory This memory includes semantic and episodic memory. Jensen conveyed that
an individual forms memory pathways through focusing, paying attention, and making conscious effort to remember events. In Semantic memory, likewise,
individuals pay attention to “words, symbols, abstractions, video, textbooks,
computers, and written stories” p.21. In addition, James says that an individual focuses on “locations, events, and circumstances” in episodic memory 1998, in
Trevino, 2005: 22.
2. Implicit Memory Non-declarative Memory Markowitz Jensen 1992 mentioned “procedural, reflexive, sensory
conditioning, and emotional” as the subcategories of implicit memory p.21. Procedural memory, which is mentioned as motor memory will involve physical
skills such as hands learning, body movements, or cycling, driving, fishing. A second category is reflexive memory or stimulus-response. This memory includes “automatic
and non-conscious learning” and the brain “codes, stores, and retrieves information instantly and instinctually”p.22. The third category, sensory conditioning or
conditioned responses, involves events such as knowing a stove is hot and any activity which requires repetition. It relates to senses. Emotional memory is a
memory with intense emotions ranging from trauma to pleasure. On the whole, these types of memory can assist in recalling information retrieved from storage sites in the
brain. From the previous explanation, the writer attempts to summarize that mind
mapping may develop both brain hemisphere, stimulate memory, and represent the element of metacognitive strategies. It can be observed from the usage of mind
mapping that facilitate planning, monitoring, problem solving, as well as evaluating.
In short, graphic organizers are beneficial for visual stimuli, planning and brainstorming, recording information in a nonlinear fashion, assessment, checking
understanding, problem solving, elaboration, creating analogies, note taking, summarizing, illustrating sequence of events and other creative ways of instruction
Bromley, Irwin-DeVitis, Modlo, 1995; Gregory Chapman, 2002, in Trevino, 2005: 33. Those special features which are covered by mind mapping techniques are
supported by explanation in the power of memory in mind mapping. Those two memory categorization, explicit and implicit memory take control during individual
employs mind mapping techniques.
B. Theoretical Framework
