THE EFFECT OF WORDLESS PICTURES BOOK ON STUDENT’S ACHIEVEMENT IN WRITING NARRATIVE TEXT.
THE EFFECT OF WORDLESS PICTURE BOOK MEDIA ON
STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN WRITING
NARRATIVE TEXT
A Thesis
Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement
for the Degree of Sarjana Pendidikan
By:
PUTRI PERMATASARI SAMOSIR
Registration Number 2113321041
ENGLISH AND LITERATURE DEPARTEMENT
FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
2016
ABSTRACT
Samosir, Putri Permatasari.2113321041. The Effect of Wordless Pictures
Book on Student’s Achievement in Writing Narrative Text. A Thesis. Faculty
of Languages and Arts. State University of Medan. 2016.
This study was conducted as an attempt to discover the effect of using Wordless
Picture Book on student’s achievement in writing narrative text. It was an
experimental research. The subject was student of Grade X, Sinar Husni Senior
High School (Sekolah Menengah Atas: SMA) Sinar Husni. Two classes from five
parallel classes were taken by cluster random sampling which divided into two
groups, 30 students as control group and 30 students as experimental group. The
analysis in were showed that the the scores of the students in the experimental
group were significantly higher than the scores of the students in the control group
at the level of significant µ = 0.05 with the degree of freedom (df) 58, t-observed
value 3.004 > t-table value > 2.000. The findings indicate that using Wordless
Picture Book significantly affected the student’s writing achievement. So,
English teachers are suggested to use Wordless Picture Book in order to improve
student’s achievement in writing narrative text.
Keywords: Worldless Pictures Book, Writing, student’s Achievement
i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and the foremost, the writer would like to express her deepest
gratitude to Jesus Christ for the blessing, health and opportunity which has
enabled her to complete it without the love of Jesus, the guidance of her lectures,
help from friends, and support from her family. This thesis has been written in
fulfillment of the requirement of the degree of Sarjana Pendidikan of the English
Department, Faculty of Language and Arts, State University of Medan.
The writer was helped by many people through their guides, supports,
prays, comments and suggestions. The writer would like to express her sincere
gratitude to :
1.
Prof. Dr. Syawal Gultom, M.Pd, the
Rector of State University of
Medan.
2.
Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum., the Dean Faculty of Languages and Arts.
3.
Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd., the Head of English Department and her
Reviewers Examiners.
4.
Nora Ronita Dewi, S. S., M. Hum., the Head of Education Program of
English Department, Dra. Meisuri, MA., the Secretary of English
Department State University of Medan.
5.
Dr. Siti Aisah Ginting, M.Pd., and Drs. Johan Sinulingga, M.Pd., her
Thesis Supervisors.
6.
Drs. Muhammad Natsir, M.Hum., her Academic Advisor.
7.
Dra. Masitowarni, M.Ed., her Thesis reviewers.
ii
8.
The Headmaster of SMA Swasta Sinar Husni Labuhan Deli, Drs. H.
Sosiar, and the writer expresses her special thanks to the English teacher
Sri Rezeki, S.Pd.
9.
Her beloved father and mother Ir. Effendy Samosir and Lasmaria
Munthe, her lovely brother Victor Frans Riocardo Samosir, SE., and
sister Vivi Dame Christin Samosir, S.Kom.
10. Her best friends in Class Extension C 2011, Megawati, Sirikit, Yudhi,
S.Pd., Sameris, Sarah, Mauritz, Rindy, her lovely friends Laura
Hutapea, S.Pd., Soly Novalya, S.Pd., Chrisnalia, S.Pd., Felicia Siregar,
Marasultan Badia Raja Manurung.
The writer realizes that the content of this thesis is not perfect, so she
warmly welcomes any constructive suggestions that will improve the
quality of this thesis. She hopes it would be useful for those who are
interested in this field of study.
Medan, February 2016
The Writer
Putri Permata Sari Samosir
NIM. 2113321041
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Pages
ABSTRACT .................................................................................................
i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ..........................................................................
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS............................................................................
iv
LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................
vi
LIST OF PICTURES ..................................................................................
vii
LIST OF APPENDICES ............................................................................
viii
CHAPTER I.INTRODUCTION................................................................
1
A. The Background of the Study ..........................................................
1
B. The Problems of the Study ...............................................................
4
C. The Objectives of the Study .............................................................
4
D. The Scope of the Study ...................................................................
4
E. The Significance of the Study ..........................................................
4
CHAPTER II.REVIEW OF LITERATURE ...........................................
6
A. Theoretical Framework .....................................................................
6
1. Writing .................................................................................
6
a. Text ...........................................................................
7
b. Genre of Text ............................................................
9
2. Narrative Text .......................................................................
11
a. Generic Structure of Narrative Text ................................
11
b. Language Features of Narrative Text ..............................
12
c. Types of Narrative Text ..................................................
12
d. The Example of Narrative ..............................................
13
3. Teaching Writing ..................................................................
14
4. Writing Achievement ............................................................
15
5. Writing Assessment ..............................................................
15
6. Media.....................................................................................
17
iv
a. The Importance of Media ................................................
18
b. Kinds of Media................................................................
19
7. Wordless Picture Book ..........................................................
19
a. The Adventages of Wordless Picture Book ....................
20
b. The Procedures of Wordless Picture Book .....................
21
c. The Applying of Wordless Picture Book ........................
23
B. Conceptual Framework .....................................................................
24
C. Hypothesis .........................................................................................
25
CHAPTER III.RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ....................................
26
A. Research Design ................................................................................
26
B. Population and Sample......................................................................
26
C. Instrument for Collecting the Data ....................................................
27
D. The Procedure of the Research .........................................................
27
E. Validity and Reliability of the Test ...................................................
30
F. Rubric ................................................................................................
31
G. Technique for Analyzing the Data ....................................................
33
H. The Statistical Hypothesis .................................................................
34
CHAPTER IV.DATA AND DATA ANALYSIS .................................
35
A. Data ...................................................................................................
35
B. Data Analysis ....................................................................................
36
C. Testing Hypothesis ............................................................................
37
D. Research Finding...............................................................................
38
E. Discussions........................................................................................
38
CHAPTER V. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS ......................
40
A. Conclusions .......................................................................................
40
B. Suggestions .......................................................................................
40
REFERENCES ............................................................................................
41
v
LIST OF TABLES
Pages
Table 2.1 The Example of Narrative .............................................................
13
Table 3.1 Research Design ............................................................................
26
Table 3.2 Teaching Procedure in Experimental Groups ...............................
28
Table 3.3 Teaching Procedure in Control Group ..........................................
29
Table 3.4 Rubric ............................................................................................
31
Table 4.2.The Percentage of Data Analysis of Deleted Words.....................
33
Table 4.3 The Score of Cloze Test of % Reading Texts..................................
35
vi
LIST OF PICTURES
Pages
Diagram 2.1. The Schema of Media ..............................................................
vii
18
LIST OF APPENDICES
Pages
Appendix A. Pre-Test For Experimental and Control Group . .....................
42
Appendix B. Post-Test For Experimental and Control Group ......................
43
Appendix C. The Score of Pre-Test and Post Test in Experimental Group ..
44
Appendix D. The Score of Post-Test and Post Test in Control Group .........
45
Appendix E. Calculation of Mean and Standard Deviation Experimental
Group .......................................................................................
46
Appendix F. Calculation of Mean and Standard Deviation Control Group ..
47
Appendix G. The Calculation of T-Test .......................................................
50
Appendix H. The Reliability of the Test .......................................................
51
Appendix I. Percentage Points of the Distribution .......................................
54
Appendix J. Lesson Plan ..............................................................................
55
viii
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A.
Background of The Study
English is one of international languages and it is learned in a lot of
countries. English is used in a particular activity, job and education. In Indonesia,
English has become the first foreign language taught at school. It means that
English becomes a subject and students are supposed to learn English since the
early ages.
In studying English, there are four aspects that will be learned, those are
listening, speaking, reading and writing. Those skills are used to build students’
language strategic competence and also to enhance their motivation to learn
English.
One of the important skills in studying English is writing. Writing is an
activity of how people put the idea, thought and knowledge on a piece of paper.
Writing (as one of the four skills of listening, speaking, reading, writing) has
always been formed as part of the syllabus in the teaching English (Harmer,
2004:30).
Indeed, the writing skill is complex and sometimes difficult to teach,
requiring mastery not only of grammatical and rhetorical devices but also of
conceptual and judgmental elements. Through writing, students are able to
express idea, opinion, experience, comment or information in the form of written
language.
1
2
Based on the writer’s teaching practice experience (PPLT) in Yayasan
Pendidikan Karya Serdang , most of the students always got difficulties when they
were asked to write in English. Based on the observation, the writer found the data
about the writing score test in two semesters. The data can be seen as follows:
Table 1.1 The Grade X students’ Scores of Writing Test
Semester
1st semester
2012/2013
2nd semester
2012/2013
Score
≥ 70
STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN WRITING
NARRATIVE TEXT
A Thesis
Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement
for the Degree of Sarjana Pendidikan
By:
PUTRI PERMATASARI SAMOSIR
Registration Number 2113321041
ENGLISH AND LITERATURE DEPARTEMENT
FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
2016
ABSTRACT
Samosir, Putri Permatasari.2113321041. The Effect of Wordless Pictures
Book on Student’s Achievement in Writing Narrative Text. A Thesis. Faculty
of Languages and Arts. State University of Medan. 2016.
This study was conducted as an attempt to discover the effect of using Wordless
Picture Book on student’s achievement in writing narrative text. It was an
experimental research. The subject was student of Grade X, Sinar Husni Senior
High School (Sekolah Menengah Atas: SMA) Sinar Husni. Two classes from five
parallel classes were taken by cluster random sampling which divided into two
groups, 30 students as control group and 30 students as experimental group. The
analysis in were showed that the the scores of the students in the experimental
group were significantly higher than the scores of the students in the control group
at the level of significant µ = 0.05 with the degree of freedom (df) 58, t-observed
value 3.004 > t-table value > 2.000. The findings indicate that using Wordless
Picture Book significantly affected the student’s writing achievement. So,
English teachers are suggested to use Wordless Picture Book in order to improve
student’s achievement in writing narrative text.
Keywords: Worldless Pictures Book, Writing, student’s Achievement
i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and the foremost, the writer would like to express her deepest
gratitude to Jesus Christ for the blessing, health and opportunity which has
enabled her to complete it without the love of Jesus, the guidance of her lectures,
help from friends, and support from her family. This thesis has been written in
fulfillment of the requirement of the degree of Sarjana Pendidikan of the English
Department, Faculty of Language and Arts, State University of Medan.
The writer was helped by many people through their guides, supports,
prays, comments and suggestions. The writer would like to express her sincere
gratitude to :
1.
Prof. Dr. Syawal Gultom, M.Pd, the
Rector of State University of
Medan.
2.
Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum., the Dean Faculty of Languages and Arts.
3.
Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd., the Head of English Department and her
Reviewers Examiners.
4.
Nora Ronita Dewi, S. S., M. Hum., the Head of Education Program of
English Department, Dra. Meisuri, MA., the Secretary of English
Department State University of Medan.
5.
Dr. Siti Aisah Ginting, M.Pd., and Drs. Johan Sinulingga, M.Pd., her
Thesis Supervisors.
6.
Drs. Muhammad Natsir, M.Hum., her Academic Advisor.
7.
Dra. Masitowarni, M.Ed., her Thesis reviewers.
ii
8.
The Headmaster of SMA Swasta Sinar Husni Labuhan Deli, Drs. H.
Sosiar, and the writer expresses her special thanks to the English teacher
Sri Rezeki, S.Pd.
9.
Her beloved father and mother Ir. Effendy Samosir and Lasmaria
Munthe, her lovely brother Victor Frans Riocardo Samosir, SE., and
sister Vivi Dame Christin Samosir, S.Kom.
10. Her best friends in Class Extension C 2011, Megawati, Sirikit, Yudhi,
S.Pd., Sameris, Sarah, Mauritz, Rindy, her lovely friends Laura
Hutapea, S.Pd., Soly Novalya, S.Pd., Chrisnalia, S.Pd., Felicia Siregar,
Marasultan Badia Raja Manurung.
The writer realizes that the content of this thesis is not perfect, so she
warmly welcomes any constructive suggestions that will improve the
quality of this thesis. She hopes it would be useful for those who are
interested in this field of study.
Medan, February 2016
The Writer
Putri Permata Sari Samosir
NIM. 2113321041
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Pages
ABSTRACT .................................................................................................
i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ..........................................................................
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS............................................................................
iv
LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................
vi
LIST OF PICTURES ..................................................................................
vii
LIST OF APPENDICES ............................................................................
viii
CHAPTER I.INTRODUCTION................................................................
1
A. The Background of the Study ..........................................................
1
B. The Problems of the Study ...............................................................
4
C. The Objectives of the Study .............................................................
4
D. The Scope of the Study ...................................................................
4
E. The Significance of the Study ..........................................................
4
CHAPTER II.REVIEW OF LITERATURE ...........................................
6
A. Theoretical Framework .....................................................................
6
1. Writing .................................................................................
6
a. Text ...........................................................................
7
b. Genre of Text ............................................................
9
2. Narrative Text .......................................................................
11
a. Generic Structure of Narrative Text ................................
11
b. Language Features of Narrative Text ..............................
12
c. Types of Narrative Text ..................................................
12
d. The Example of Narrative ..............................................
13
3. Teaching Writing ..................................................................
14
4. Writing Achievement ............................................................
15
5. Writing Assessment ..............................................................
15
6. Media.....................................................................................
17
iv
a. The Importance of Media ................................................
18
b. Kinds of Media................................................................
19
7. Wordless Picture Book ..........................................................
19
a. The Adventages of Wordless Picture Book ....................
20
b. The Procedures of Wordless Picture Book .....................
21
c. The Applying of Wordless Picture Book ........................
23
B. Conceptual Framework .....................................................................
24
C. Hypothesis .........................................................................................
25
CHAPTER III.RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ....................................
26
A. Research Design ................................................................................
26
B. Population and Sample......................................................................
26
C. Instrument for Collecting the Data ....................................................
27
D. The Procedure of the Research .........................................................
27
E. Validity and Reliability of the Test ...................................................
30
F. Rubric ................................................................................................
31
G. Technique for Analyzing the Data ....................................................
33
H. The Statistical Hypothesis .................................................................
34
CHAPTER IV.DATA AND DATA ANALYSIS .................................
35
A. Data ...................................................................................................
35
B. Data Analysis ....................................................................................
36
C. Testing Hypothesis ............................................................................
37
D. Research Finding...............................................................................
38
E. Discussions........................................................................................
38
CHAPTER V. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS ......................
40
A. Conclusions .......................................................................................
40
B. Suggestions .......................................................................................
40
REFERENCES ............................................................................................
41
v
LIST OF TABLES
Pages
Table 2.1 The Example of Narrative .............................................................
13
Table 3.1 Research Design ............................................................................
26
Table 3.2 Teaching Procedure in Experimental Groups ...............................
28
Table 3.3 Teaching Procedure in Control Group ..........................................
29
Table 3.4 Rubric ............................................................................................
31
Table 4.2.The Percentage of Data Analysis of Deleted Words.....................
33
Table 4.3 The Score of Cloze Test of % Reading Texts..................................
35
vi
LIST OF PICTURES
Pages
Diagram 2.1. The Schema of Media ..............................................................
vii
18
LIST OF APPENDICES
Pages
Appendix A. Pre-Test For Experimental and Control Group . .....................
42
Appendix B. Post-Test For Experimental and Control Group ......................
43
Appendix C. The Score of Pre-Test and Post Test in Experimental Group ..
44
Appendix D. The Score of Post-Test and Post Test in Control Group .........
45
Appendix E. Calculation of Mean and Standard Deviation Experimental
Group .......................................................................................
46
Appendix F. Calculation of Mean and Standard Deviation Control Group ..
47
Appendix G. The Calculation of T-Test .......................................................
50
Appendix H. The Reliability of the Test .......................................................
51
Appendix I. Percentage Points of the Distribution .......................................
54
Appendix J. Lesson Plan ..............................................................................
55
viii
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A.
Background of The Study
English is one of international languages and it is learned in a lot of
countries. English is used in a particular activity, job and education. In Indonesia,
English has become the first foreign language taught at school. It means that
English becomes a subject and students are supposed to learn English since the
early ages.
In studying English, there are four aspects that will be learned, those are
listening, speaking, reading and writing. Those skills are used to build students’
language strategic competence and also to enhance their motivation to learn
English.
One of the important skills in studying English is writing. Writing is an
activity of how people put the idea, thought and knowledge on a piece of paper.
Writing (as one of the four skills of listening, speaking, reading, writing) has
always been formed as part of the syllabus in the teaching English (Harmer,
2004:30).
Indeed, the writing skill is complex and sometimes difficult to teach,
requiring mastery not only of grammatical and rhetorical devices but also of
conceptual and judgmental elements. Through writing, students are able to
express idea, opinion, experience, comment or information in the form of written
language.
1
2
Based on the writer’s teaching practice experience (PPLT) in Yayasan
Pendidikan Karya Serdang , most of the students always got difficulties when they
were asked to write in English. Based on the observation, the writer found the data
about the writing score test in two semesters. The data can be seen as follows:
Table 1.1 The Grade X students’ Scores of Writing Test
Semester
1st semester
2012/2013
2nd semester
2012/2013
Score
≥ 70