THE EFFECT OF USING STILL PICTURES ON STUDENTS ACHIEVEMENT IN WRITING PROCEDURE TEXT.
THE EFFECT OF USING STILL PICTURES
ON STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN
WRITING PROCEDURE TEXT
A THESIS
Submitted to English Department, Faculty of Language and Arts
State University of Medan, in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the
Degree of Sarjana Pendidikan
By:
SITI HAJAR
Reg. No. 2101121044
ENGLISH AND LITERATURE DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
2014
DECLARATION
I have familiarized myself with the University’s Policy on Academic integrity.
Except where appropriately acknowledged, this thesis is my own work, has been
expressed in my own words, and has not been previously been submitted for
assessment.
I understand that this paper may be screened electronically or otherwise for
plagiarism.
Medan,
September 2014
Siti Hajar
Reg.No. 2101121044
ABSTRACT
Hajar, Siti. 2101121044. THE EFFECT OF USING STILL PICTURES ON
STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN WRITING PROCEDURE TEXT. A thesis.
Faculty of language and Arts. State University of Medan. 2014
This study aims to find out whether students’ achievement through using still
Pictures is higher than through motion pictures in writing procedure text. The
research was conducted by experimental research used in two groups. They are
experimental use still pictures and control use motion pictures. The subject of this
study were the students of SMA Swasta Abdi Negara class XI 2 and XI3 consisted
of 30 students for each classes. To collecting the data was taken from writing test.
Based on the calculation, it shows that the reliability of the test was 0,81
categorized as very high reliability.After analyzing the data,it was found that the
value of to was 3.644 with the degree of freedom (df)=58 at the level of
significance p(0,05)=2,004.It means that t o is higher than t t. It was found that
teaching procedure text by use still pictures is higher than use motion pictures.
Still pictures has a significant effect on students’ achievement in writing
procedure text.
Key words: Still Pictures, Writing Achievement.
i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Firstly, In the name of Allah SWT the most almighty, the most merciful, all of
praise to Allah who already give her health and mercy so that the writer was able to
finish this study. Next, peace be upon to the prophet Muhammad SAW who bought
human being from the dark ages to bright one in the world.
In writing this thesis entitled “The Effect of using Still Pictures on students’
Achievement in Writing Procedure Text” as the partial fulfillment of the
requirement for degree of Sarjana Pendidikan at English Department State University
of Medan. The researcher faced so many difficulties but she did not stop her efforst to
make a better one, and it was impossible to do it without much help from others.
Therefore, the writer would like to express her great thanks to:
Prof. Dr. Ibnu Hajar Damanik, M.Si., the Rector of State University of
Medan
Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum., the Dean of Faculty of Languages and
arts State University of Medan.
her great Thesis Consultant.
Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd., the Head of English Department and as
Rika, S.Pd, M.Hum., the Secretary of English and Literature Department.
Dra. Masitowarni Siregar M.Ed., the Head of English Education and her
Academic Advisor
Prof. Dr. Busmin Gurning, M.Pd., her Reviewers
All the lectures who have given knowledge the academic years..
Dra. Sri Juriati Ownie, M.A., her Reviewers.
Her beloved parents., Alm. H. bustami B.A and Hj. Masmaimun
Hasibuan, and also her beloved brothers and sisters Bukhori S.T,
Azniaty Amk, dr Asypairi, dr Faisal, Rahmiati Amd, Nelly B, and
Rahmah S.Pd.
attention,patience and also help during her academic years.
Thanks to Muhammad Noer Hasibuan S.T., for his great motivation,
Saidatul Hanim, Sulis Fitria Ningsih, Mardia Pitaloka,Eka Priyuti
dan Rahmad Husein, her bestfriend who always support, and for Regular
ii
C 2010 and for those whose name cannot be mentioned yet, who had
inspired, encouraged and gave her support, helping, and laughs during her
study years and the process of writing this thesis.
Nila Hevy Zulianty, SP., the Headmaster of SMA Swasta Abdi Negara
Binjai, who had given the change to the writer for collecting the data for
his research, and all the teachers and staffs who help him to collect the
data during the research..
Erna Lasmaida Panggabean, S.Pd, the Mentor from SMA Swasta Abdi
Negara Binjai, for the support to the writer in doing this research.
Mam Euis and Mr. Pantas for their help to completing the
administration.
Finally, the researcher expected that her study would be useful for the
students, teacher, and the other researchers who want to conduct the further research
about procedure text. May Allah the most Almighty bless of the researcher and them.
Medan,
September 2014
The Writer,
SITI HAJAR
Reg.No.2101121044
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
page
ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................... i
ACKNOWLEDGMENT................................................................................... ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS .............................................................................. iv
LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................... vi
LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................ vii
LIST OF APPENDICES ................................................................................ viii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ................................................................
A. The Background of the Study ................................................................
B. The Problem of the Study ......................................................................
C. The Scope of the Study..........................................................................
D. The Objectives of The Study .................................................................
E. The Signifinance of the Study ...............................................................
1
1
5
5
5
5
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE ................................................ 7
A. Theoritical Framework ........................................................................ 7
1. Students’ Achievement In Writing ..................................................... 7
2. Genre .............................................................................................. 10
3. Procedure Text ................................................................................ 12
a. Assesment of Writing Procedure Text ........................................ 15
4. Teaching Media ............................................................................... 16
a. Still Pictures ............................................................................... 16
b. Still Pictures in Writing Procedure Text ..................................... 18
c. The Advantages of using still pictures ........................................ 19
d. The Disadvantages of using still pictures .................................... 19
5. Motion Pictures ............................................................................... 19
B. Conceptual Framework ....................................................................... 20
C. Hypothesis .......................................................................................... 22
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD ...................................................... 23
A. Research Design ................................................................................. 23
B. The Population and Sample ................................................................ 24
1. Population ...................................................................................... 24
2. Sample ........................................................................................... 24
C. Instrument for Collecting Data ............................................................ 25
1. Form .............................................................................................. 25
2. Assessment and Scoring of Writing ................................................ 25
D. The Procedure of the Study ................................................................ 26
1. Pre - Test ........................................................................................ 26
2. Treatment ....................................................................................... 26
a. Experimental and Control Group .................................................. 26
iv
3. Post - Test .......................................................................................
E. The Validity and The Reliabiliy of the test ..........................................
1. The Validity ...................................................................................
2. The Reliability ................................................................................
F. Technique of Data Analysis .................................................................
G. The Statistical Hypothesis ....................................................................
28
28
28
28
30
31
CHAPTER IV THE DATA AND DATA ANALYSIS ................................. 32
A. The Data ........................................................................................... 32
B. Data Analysis ...................................................................................... 35
1. Analyzing The Data Using T-Test ....................................................... 35
a. The Calculation of the t-table .............................................................. 35
b. The Calculation of the t-observed ........................................................ 36
C. Testing Hypothesis ............................................................................... 37
D. Research Finding ................................................................................. 37
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION .................................. 39
A. Conclusion .......................................................................................... 39
B. Suggestion............................................................................................ 39
REFERENCES .............................................................................................. 40
v
LIST OF TABLE
Table 1.1 The Percentage of Grade X Students’ score in Writing .................. 2
Table 3.1 Experimental Research Design ...................................................... 23
Table 3.2 The Population of Students grade XI SMA Swasta Abdi Negara
Binjai Academic Year 2013/2014 ................................................... 24
Table 3.3 Assessment of Writing................................................................... 25
Table 3.4 Teaching Procedure in Experimental and Control Group ............... 27
Table 4.1 The Result Score of Experimental Group Using Treatment
Still Pictures.................................................................................. 33
Table 4.2 The Result Score of Control Group Using Treatment
Motion Pictures............................................................................. 34
vi
LIST OF FIGURE
Table 2.1 Example of Procedure Text ........................................................... 14
vii
LIST OF APPENDIX
APPENDIX A Question in pre-test in Experimental and Control Group .......... 43
APPENDIX B Question in post-test in Experimental Group ............................ 44
APPENDIX C Question in post-test in Experimental Group ........................... 45
APPENDIX D The Result of Pre – Test and Post – Test of Experimental
Group Using Treatment Still Pictures ....................................... 46
APPENDIX E The Result of Pre – Test and Post – Test of Control Group
Using Treatment Still Pictures.................................................. 47
APPENDIX F The Calculation of t-Test in Experimental Group ...................... 48
APPENDIX G The Calculation of mean of the test in Experimental group ....... 49
APPENDIX H The Calculation of t-Test in Control Group .............................. 50
APPENDIX I The Calculation of mean of the test in Control group ................. 51
APPENDIX J The Calculation of T-Test T-Table ............................................ 52
APPENDIX K The Calculation of T-Test T-Observed ..................................... 53
APPENDIX L The Reliability of the test.......................................................... 55
APPENDIX M The Calculation of Reliability of the Test ................................ 56
APPENDIX N Percentage Points of The distribution ....................................... 57
APPENDIX O The Lesson Plan for Experimental ............................................ 59
APPENDIX P The Lesson Plan for Control Group........................................... 64
viii
41
REFERENCES
Arikunto, S. 2003. Prosedur Penelitian: Suatu Pendekatan Praktek. Jakarta:
Rineka Cipta
Ary, Donald. 2002. Introduction to Research in Education. Singapore:
Wardswith.
Bloom, B,S. 1996. Taxonomy of Educational Objectives: the Classification of
educational Goals. New York; Longman.
Brown, H. Douglas. 2001 Teaching By Principle: An Interactive Approach to
Language Pedagogy. (2nd ed). San Francisco: Addison Wesley Longman.
Chitravelu, et all. 2005. ELT Methodology: Principles and Practise 2nd Edition.
Malaysia: Fajar Bekti
Clark and Clark. 1997. Physicology and Language. USA.Harcourt Brace
Jovanovich.
Dabbagh and Bannan-Ritland. 2005. Online Learning. Ohio. Pearson.
Harmer, J.2004. How to Teach Writing. London: Longman.
Heaton, J.1988. Writing English Test. London:Longman Group
Hyland, K.2003. Second Language Writing. New York: Cambridge University
Press.
Hyland, K.2002. Teaching and Researching Writing. Great Britain: Longman.
42
Marco, Maria Jose Luzon , 2002. English Teaching Forum: Internet Contentbased Activities.
Pardiyono. 2007. Pasti Bisa! Teaching Genre-Based Writing. Yogyakarta: Andi
Tiwari, Deepak. 2005. Encyclopedia of modern methods of teaching 7. New
Delhi: Cressen
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. The Background of the Study
People as social human being can not stay alone in the world., they need
the presence of the other people to socialize, interact and communicate. Language
is needed to communicate because the language can not be separated in human’s
life and no person live without language. The people use the language to express
their ideas either spoken or written way. English language is used by the member
of world society in communication.
In Indonesia, English language was taught to students from elementary
school until university level as a compulsory subject. In learning English, the
students have to able to achieve the four language skills, namely listening,
speaking, reading and writing skills. From these four language skills, writing is
the focus on this thesis.
Based on Educational Unit Curriculum (Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan
Pendidikan : KTSP), students in Senior High School are expected to be able to
write a text of procedure, description, narration, exposition, spoof, news item,
recount, report, etc. But the reality based on the observation that has done at SMA
Swasta Abdi Negara Binjai, many students have difficulties in writing. It can be
seen in the list of students’ scores of English subjects. The writer attaches the
student’s writing score in two semesters, academic year 2013-2014 below.
1
2
Table 1.1
The Percentage of Grade X Students’ score in Writing
Semester
KKM
Score
Students
Percentage
and
Academic Year
75
75
20 students
66,6 %
st Semester 2013/2014
≥ 75
10 students
33,4 %
1
75
18 students
60 %
≥ 75
12 students
40 %
2
Source : Students’ accumulated score of Grade X students at SMA Swasta Abdi
Negara Binjai academic year 2013/2014
nd Semester 2013/2014
The Minimum Criteria Mastery ( Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimum (KKM) )
which is used in that school is 75. From the data above, it can be concluded that
the student’s score in two semesters was still low, there were many students with
under score standard found and still far to achieve the minimum competence
score.
Based on the writer’s experience on the observation and the interview on
30th March and 2nd April 2014 in SMA Swasta Abdi Negara Binjai, most of
students have difficulty in teaching and learning process, especially in writing
procedure text. Teachers give lessons only with theory and exercises in student
worksheet and in that school didn’t have a textbook, so that the students feel
bored, and do not understand what is being taught. Most of students were not able
to write procedure text well, they just follow the lessons without having to know
how to write it. In this era of globalization, most students only copies of material
from the internet. The learning process is also monotonous, they didn’t have ideas
3
about what they want to write. Students also did not seriously follow a given
learning process. Some of the students’ writing score still unsatisfactory because
the scores were not fulfilled the KKM, and many of the students think that writing
especially writing an English text is difficult. The other obstacles that writing
teachers have to overcome is a reluctance on the part of their students to engange
in writing activities any enthusiasm.
The failure of the students in writing caused by the media of teaching and
learning process. Teacher must be able to create suitable media for a better,
interesting and helpful teaching and learning process. In the former, the teacher
just taught writing through lecturing. The students became passive and they just
listen the teacher explanation without doing something. It made writing became
boring.
To solve the problem above, the writer find an alternative way. One of the
alternative way is using Still Pictures. There are many kinds of media in teaching
and learning process. But still pictures one of media that can be one alternative in
teaching and learning English. Still Pictures is more focused on image which is
not move, such as photos and so on. In this case, power point is not used to make
the pictures dubbed or even moved. Picture are used to help presenting
information to the class. Students are able imagine and think what they want to
write in the a procedure text. Picture also can give the chronological steps in
making or doing something. So, Picture are able to help the students to understand
and generate their idea in writing sentence and write a story based on the pictures
4
they see. To make the students interested in the materials, using still pictures is
expected to make them understand the step to make the sentence linked together.
By using this media, the teacher can create an interesting way in learning writing.
Berta, the 2012 academic year student of state university of Medan had
done a study with title “ Improving Student’s Achievement in Writing Procedural
Paragraph by Using Still Pictures ”. She was conducted to see how the
application of pictures can improve the students’ achievement in writing,
particularly writing a procedure text. In this study, the writer focuses on the use
Still pictures to improve the student’s ability in writing procedure text. By this
media, she expects the students are able to write the example of procedure text
and also to complete their task about it. The researchers hope that Still pictures
can be a strategy which tries the students to build an active learning, joyfull
learning and interesting learning teaching process especially in writing procedure
text.
Considering the background above, the writer interests to do a study with
title “ The Effect of using Still Pictures on Students’ Achievement in Writing
Procedure Text. The writer wants to conduct the research to find the effect of Still
Pictures media on students’ achievement in writing procedure text.
5
B. The Problem of the Study
Based on the background of the study, the problem of the study is
formulated as the following: “Is the students’ achievement in writing procedure
text taught by using Still Pictures higher than the students’ achievement thaught
by using motion pictures?”
C. The Objective of the Study
The objective of the study is to find out whether students’ achievement
taught by using Still Picture is higher than the students’ achievement taught by
motion pictures in writing procedure text.
D. The Scope of the Study
To avoid misunderstanding and to clarify the problem, it is necessary to
make limitation of the problem. This study is limited on the use of still pictures as
a media of teaching in teaching procedure text and to investigate the effect of Still
Pictures on students’ achievement in procedure text.
E. The Significance of the Study
The finding of this study are expected to be useful for :
1. Teachers of English to using Still Pictures in teaching learning process in
order to motivate the students to write..
6
2. The students to improve their writing achievement by using Still Pictures
in writing procedure text..
3. Other researchers who are interested in doing research about using pictures
as a teaching media, and as a basis for further study.
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS
A. Conclusion
The result of calculation of t-test showed that t0 3,644 with the
degree of freedom (df) = 58 is higher than t-table 2.004 at the level
significance (p = 0,05 ) which implies that the alternative hypothesis is
accepted. It can be concluded that there is a significant effect of using still
pictures on the students’ achievement in writing text.
The students’ achievement through using still pictures is higher
than the students’ achievement through motion pictures in writing
procedure text.
B. Suggestions
Based on the result of the study, the suggestion can be stated the
following :
1. It is suggested to the teachers to using still pictures in
teaching procedure text as the interesting media in
teaching media. Because by using still pictures can
improve the students’ achievement in writing procedure
text.
39
40
2. It is suggested to the teacher guide the students in writing
procedure text so they can practice more in writing
procedure text easily.
3. It is suggested to the readers to know the importance of
using Still Pictures to improve the writing achievement.
ON STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN
WRITING PROCEDURE TEXT
A THESIS
Submitted to English Department, Faculty of Language and Arts
State University of Medan, in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the
Degree of Sarjana Pendidikan
By:
SITI HAJAR
Reg. No. 2101121044
ENGLISH AND LITERATURE DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
2014
DECLARATION
I have familiarized myself with the University’s Policy on Academic integrity.
Except where appropriately acknowledged, this thesis is my own work, has been
expressed in my own words, and has not been previously been submitted for
assessment.
I understand that this paper may be screened electronically or otherwise for
plagiarism.
Medan,
September 2014
Siti Hajar
Reg.No. 2101121044
ABSTRACT
Hajar, Siti. 2101121044. THE EFFECT OF USING STILL PICTURES ON
STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN WRITING PROCEDURE TEXT. A thesis.
Faculty of language and Arts. State University of Medan. 2014
This study aims to find out whether students’ achievement through using still
Pictures is higher than through motion pictures in writing procedure text. The
research was conducted by experimental research used in two groups. They are
experimental use still pictures and control use motion pictures. The subject of this
study were the students of SMA Swasta Abdi Negara class XI 2 and XI3 consisted
of 30 students for each classes. To collecting the data was taken from writing test.
Based on the calculation, it shows that the reliability of the test was 0,81
categorized as very high reliability.After analyzing the data,it was found that the
value of to was 3.644 with the degree of freedom (df)=58 at the level of
significance p(0,05)=2,004.It means that t o is higher than t t. It was found that
teaching procedure text by use still pictures is higher than use motion pictures.
Still pictures has a significant effect on students’ achievement in writing
procedure text.
Key words: Still Pictures, Writing Achievement.
i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Firstly, In the name of Allah SWT the most almighty, the most merciful, all of
praise to Allah who already give her health and mercy so that the writer was able to
finish this study. Next, peace be upon to the prophet Muhammad SAW who bought
human being from the dark ages to bright one in the world.
In writing this thesis entitled “The Effect of using Still Pictures on students’
Achievement in Writing Procedure Text” as the partial fulfillment of the
requirement for degree of Sarjana Pendidikan at English Department State University
of Medan. The researcher faced so many difficulties but she did not stop her efforst to
make a better one, and it was impossible to do it without much help from others.
Therefore, the writer would like to express her great thanks to:
Prof. Dr. Ibnu Hajar Damanik, M.Si., the Rector of State University of
Medan
Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum., the Dean of Faculty of Languages and
arts State University of Medan.
her great Thesis Consultant.
Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd., the Head of English Department and as
Rika, S.Pd, M.Hum., the Secretary of English and Literature Department.
Dra. Masitowarni Siregar M.Ed., the Head of English Education and her
Academic Advisor
Prof. Dr. Busmin Gurning, M.Pd., her Reviewers
All the lectures who have given knowledge the academic years..
Dra. Sri Juriati Ownie, M.A., her Reviewers.
Her beloved parents., Alm. H. bustami B.A and Hj. Masmaimun
Hasibuan, and also her beloved brothers and sisters Bukhori S.T,
Azniaty Amk, dr Asypairi, dr Faisal, Rahmiati Amd, Nelly B, and
Rahmah S.Pd.
attention,patience and also help during her academic years.
Thanks to Muhammad Noer Hasibuan S.T., for his great motivation,
Saidatul Hanim, Sulis Fitria Ningsih, Mardia Pitaloka,Eka Priyuti
dan Rahmad Husein, her bestfriend who always support, and for Regular
ii
C 2010 and for those whose name cannot be mentioned yet, who had
inspired, encouraged and gave her support, helping, and laughs during her
study years and the process of writing this thesis.
Nila Hevy Zulianty, SP., the Headmaster of SMA Swasta Abdi Negara
Binjai, who had given the change to the writer for collecting the data for
his research, and all the teachers and staffs who help him to collect the
data during the research..
Erna Lasmaida Panggabean, S.Pd, the Mentor from SMA Swasta Abdi
Negara Binjai, for the support to the writer in doing this research.
Mam Euis and Mr. Pantas for their help to completing the
administration.
Finally, the researcher expected that her study would be useful for the
students, teacher, and the other researchers who want to conduct the further research
about procedure text. May Allah the most Almighty bless of the researcher and them.
Medan,
September 2014
The Writer,
SITI HAJAR
Reg.No.2101121044
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
page
ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................... i
ACKNOWLEDGMENT................................................................................... ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS .............................................................................. iv
LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................... vi
LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................ vii
LIST OF APPENDICES ................................................................................ viii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ................................................................
A. The Background of the Study ................................................................
B. The Problem of the Study ......................................................................
C. The Scope of the Study..........................................................................
D. The Objectives of The Study .................................................................
E. The Signifinance of the Study ...............................................................
1
1
5
5
5
5
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE ................................................ 7
A. Theoritical Framework ........................................................................ 7
1. Students’ Achievement In Writing ..................................................... 7
2. Genre .............................................................................................. 10
3. Procedure Text ................................................................................ 12
a. Assesment of Writing Procedure Text ........................................ 15
4. Teaching Media ............................................................................... 16
a. Still Pictures ............................................................................... 16
b. Still Pictures in Writing Procedure Text ..................................... 18
c. The Advantages of using still pictures ........................................ 19
d. The Disadvantages of using still pictures .................................... 19
5. Motion Pictures ............................................................................... 19
B. Conceptual Framework ....................................................................... 20
C. Hypothesis .......................................................................................... 22
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD ...................................................... 23
A. Research Design ................................................................................. 23
B. The Population and Sample ................................................................ 24
1. Population ...................................................................................... 24
2. Sample ........................................................................................... 24
C. Instrument for Collecting Data ............................................................ 25
1. Form .............................................................................................. 25
2. Assessment and Scoring of Writing ................................................ 25
D. The Procedure of the Study ................................................................ 26
1. Pre - Test ........................................................................................ 26
2. Treatment ....................................................................................... 26
a. Experimental and Control Group .................................................. 26
iv
3. Post - Test .......................................................................................
E. The Validity and The Reliabiliy of the test ..........................................
1. The Validity ...................................................................................
2. The Reliability ................................................................................
F. Technique of Data Analysis .................................................................
G. The Statistical Hypothesis ....................................................................
28
28
28
28
30
31
CHAPTER IV THE DATA AND DATA ANALYSIS ................................. 32
A. The Data ........................................................................................... 32
B. Data Analysis ...................................................................................... 35
1. Analyzing The Data Using T-Test ....................................................... 35
a. The Calculation of the t-table .............................................................. 35
b. The Calculation of the t-observed ........................................................ 36
C. Testing Hypothesis ............................................................................... 37
D. Research Finding ................................................................................. 37
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION .................................. 39
A. Conclusion .......................................................................................... 39
B. Suggestion............................................................................................ 39
REFERENCES .............................................................................................. 40
v
LIST OF TABLE
Table 1.1 The Percentage of Grade X Students’ score in Writing .................. 2
Table 3.1 Experimental Research Design ...................................................... 23
Table 3.2 The Population of Students grade XI SMA Swasta Abdi Negara
Binjai Academic Year 2013/2014 ................................................... 24
Table 3.3 Assessment of Writing................................................................... 25
Table 3.4 Teaching Procedure in Experimental and Control Group ............... 27
Table 4.1 The Result Score of Experimental Group Using Treatment
Still Pictures.................................................................................. 33
Table 4.2 The Result Score of Control Group Using Treatment
Motion Pictures............................................................................. 34
vi
LIST OF FIGURE
Table 2.1 Example of Procedure Text ........................................................... 14
vii
LIST OF APPENDIX
APPENDIX A Question in pre-test in Experimental and Control Group .......... 43
APPENDIX B Question in post-test in Experimental Group ............................ 44
APPENDIX C Question in post-test in Experimental Group ........................... 45
APPENDIX D The Result of Pre – Test and Post – Test of Experimental
Group Using Treatment Still Pictures ....................................... 46
APPENDIX E The Result of Pre – Test and Post – Test of Control Group
Using Treatment Still Pictures.................................................. 47
APPENDIX F The Calculation of t-Test in Experimental Group ...................... 48
APPENDIX G The Calculation of mean of the test in Experimental group ....... 49
APPENDIX H The Calculation of t-Test in Control Group .............................. 50
APPENDIX I The Calculation of mean of the test in Control group ................. 51
APPENDIX J The Calculation of T-Test T-Table ............................................ 52
APPENDIX K The Calculation of T-Test T-Observed ..................................... 53
APPENDIX L The Reliability of the test.......................................................... 55
APPENDIX M The Calculation of Reliability of the Test ................................ 56
APPENDIX N Percentage Points of The distribution ....................................... 57
APPENDIX O The Lesson Plan for Experimental ............................................ 59
APPENDIX P The Lesson Plan for Control Group........................................... 64
viii
41
REFERENCES
Arikunto, S. 2003. Prosedur Penelitian: Suatu Pendekatan Praktek. Jakarta:
Rineka Cipta
Ary, Donald. 2002. Introduction to Research in Education. Singapore:
Wardswith.
Bloom, B,S. 1996. Taxonomy of Educational Objectives: the Classification of
educational Goals. New York; Longman.
Brown, H. Douglas. 2001 Teaching By Principle: An Interactive Approach to
Language Pedagogy. (2nd ed). San Francisco: Addison Wesley Longman.
Chitravelu, et all. 2005. ELT Methodology: Principles and Practise 2nd Edition.
Malaysia: Fajar Bekti
Clark and Clark. 1997. Physicology and Language. USA.Harcourt Brace
Jovanovich.
Dabbagh and Bannan-Ritland. 2005. Online Learning. Ohio. Pearson.
Harmer, J.2004. How to Teach Writing. London: Longman.
Heaton, J.1988. Writing English Test. London:Longman Group
Hyland, K.2003. Second Language Writing. New York: Cambridge University
Press.
Hyland, K.2002. Teaching and Researching Writing. Great Britain: Longman.
42
Marco, Maria Jose Luzon , 2002. English Teaching Forum: Internet Contentbased Activities.
Pardiyono. 2007. Pasti Bisa! Teaching Genre-Based Writing. Yogyakarta: Andi
Tiwari, Deepak. 2005. Encyclopedia of modern methods of teaching 7. New
Delhi: Cressen
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. The Background of the Study
People as social human being can not stay alone in the world., they need
the presence of the other people to socialize, interact and communicate. Language
is needed to communicate because the language can not be separated in human’s
life and no person live without language. The people use the language to express
their ideas either spoken or written way. English language is used by the member
of world society in communication.
In Indonesia, English language was taught to students from elementary
school until university level as a compulsory subject. In learning English, the
students have to able to achieve the four language skills, namely listening,
speaking, reading and writing skills. From these four language skills, writing is
the focus on this thesis.
Based on Educational Unit Curriculum (Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan
Pendidikan : KTSP), students in Senior High School are expected to be able to
write a text of procedure, description, narration, exposition, spoof, news item,
recount, report, etc. But the reality based on the observation that has done at SMA
Swasta Abdi Negara Binjai, many students have difficulties in writing. It can be
seen in the list of students’ scores of English subjects. The writer attaches the
student’s writing score in two semesters, academic year 2013-2014 below.
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Table 1.1
The Percentage of Grade X Students’ score in Writing
Semester
KKM
Score
Students
Percentage
and
Academic Year
75
75
20 students
66,6 %
st Semester 2013/2014
≥ 75
10 students
33,4 %
1
75
18 students
60 %
≥ 75
12 students
40 %
2
Source : Students’ accumulated score of Grade X students at SMA Swasta Abdi
Negara Binjai academic year 2013/2014
nd Semester 2013/2014
The Minimum Criteria Mastery ( Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimum (KKM) )
which is used in that school is 75. From the data above, it can be concluded that
the student’s score in two semesters was still low, there were many students with
under score standard found and still far to achieve the minimum competence
score.
Based on the writer’s experience on the observation and the interview on
30th March and 2nd April 2014 in SMA Swasta Abdi Negara Binjai, most of
students have difficulty in teaching and learning process, especially in writing
procedure text. Teachers give lessons only with theory and exercises in student
worksheet and in that school didn’t have a textbook, so that the students feel
bored, and do not understand what is being taught. Most of students were not able
to write procedure text well, they just follow the lessons without having to know
how to write it. In this era of globalization, most students only copies of material
from the internet. The learning process is also monotonous, they didn’t have ideas
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about what they want to write. Students also did not seriously follow a given
learning process. Some of the students’ writing score still unsatisfactory because
the scores were not fulfilled the KKM, and many of the students think that writing
especially writing an English text is difficult. The other obstacles that writing
teachers have to overcome is a reluctance on the part of their students to engange
in writing activities any enthusiasm.
The failure of the students in writing caused by the media of teaching and
learning process. Teacher must be able to create suitable media for a better,
interesting and helpful teaching and learning process. In the former, the teacher
just taught writing through lecturing. The students became passive and they just
listen the teacher explanation without doing something. It made writing became
boring.
To solve the problem above, the writer find an alternative way. One of the
alternative way is using Still Pictures. There are many kinds of media in teaching
and learning process. But still pictures one of media that can be one alternative in
teaching and learning English. Still Pictures is more focused on image which is
not move, such as photos and so on. In this case, power point is not used to make
the pictures dubbed or even moved. Picture are used to help presenting
information to the class. Students are able imagine and think what they want to
write in the a procedure text. Picture also can give the chronological steps in
making or doing something. So, Picture are able to help the students to understand
and generate their idea in writing sentence and write a story based on the pictures
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they see. To make the students interested in the materials, using still pictures is
expected to make them understand the step to make the sentence linked together.
By using this media, the teacher can create an interesting way in learning writing.
Berta, the 2012 academic year student of state university of Medan had
done a study with title “ Improving Student’s Achievement in Writing Procedural
Paragraph by Using Still Pictures ”. She was conducted to see how the
application of pictures can improve the students’ achievement in writing,
particularly writing a procedure text. In this study, the writer focuses on the use
Still pictures to improve the student’s ability in writing procedure text. By this
media, she expects the students are able to write the example of procedure text
and also to complete their task about it. The researchers hope that Still pictures
can be a strategy which tries the students to build an active learning, joyfull
learning and interesting learning teaching process especially in writing procedure
text.
Considering the background above, the writer interests to do a study with
title “ The Effect of using Still Pictures on Students’ Achievement in Writing
Procedure Text. The writer wants to conduct the research to find the effect of Still
Pictures media on students’ achievement in writing procedure text.
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B. The Problem of the Study
Based on the background of the study, the problem of the study is
formulated as the following: “Is the students’ achievement in writing procedure
text taught by using Still Pictures higher than the students’ achievement thaught
by using motion pictures?”
C. The Objective of the Study
The objective of the study is to find out whether students’ achievement
taught by using Still Picture is higher than the students’ achievement taught by
motion pictures in writing procedure text.
D. The Scope of the Study
To avoid misunderstanding and to clarify the problem, it is necessary to
make limitation of the problem. This study is limited on the use of still pictures as
a media of teaching in teaching procedure text and to investigate the effect of Still
Pictures on students’ achievement in procedure text.
E. The Significance of the Study
The finding of this study are expected to be useful for :
1. Teachers of English to using Still Pictures in teaching learning process in
order to motivate the students to write..
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2. The students to improve their writing achievement by using Still Pictures
in writing procedure text..
3. Other researchers who are interested in doing research about using pictures
as a teaching media, and as a basis for further study.
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS
A. Conclusion
The result of calculation of t-test showed that t0 3,644 with the
degree of freedom (df) = 58 is higher than t-table 2.004 at the level
significance (p = 0,05 ) which implies that the alternative hypothesis is
accepted. It can be concluded that there is a significant effect of using still
pictures on the students’ achievement in writing text.
The students’ achievement through using still pictures is higher
than the students’ achievement through motion pictures in writing
procedure text.
B. Suggestions
Based on the result of the study, the suggestion can be stated the
following :
1. It is suggested to the teachers to using still pictures in
teaching procedure text as the interesting media in
teaching media. Because by using still pictures can
improve the students’ achievement in writing procedure
text.
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2. It is suggested to the teacher guide the students in writing
procedure text so they can practice more in writing
procedure text easily.
3. It is suggested to the readers to know the importance of
using Still Pictures to improve the writing achievement.