indirect and inauthentic.” Also, according to Dikli .S, 2003 mentioned about Mitchell 1992, in Law and Eckes, 1995, p. 29 who underline the same issue that testing or
standardized test can be defined as “single-occasion, unidimensional, timed exercise, usually in multiple choice or short-answer form.” Furthermore, he adds that this kind of assessment
tool has been so long time implemented in the past in the traditional classroom setting where the purpose is to measure students’ attainment during the learning process.
2. Alternative assessment – Portfolios
One of the alternative assessment tools which are mostly used as the evaluation tools is portfolios. Fred .G, John A. S., 2007, p.99 defines that “a portfolio is a purposeful
collection of students’ work that demonstrate to students and others their effort, progress, and achievements in given areas.” Also, according to Bailey. M, 1998, p. 216 stated that “…the
collection must include student participation in selecting contents, the criteria for judging merit, and evidence of student self- reflection”. Besides, it is similarly to what is proposed by
Mustafa 2010 who states that portfolio is defined as a regular and well-conducted collection of a student’s works that can be considered as the direct evidence of a student’s efforts,
accomplishments and advancement throughout a period of time. In the broader definition of portfolio, it is considered to be “a purposeful collection of student work that exhibits students
efforts, progress, and achievements” Snavely and Wright, 2003; p.3 as well as a teaching tool which helps the development of language skills of the student.
Portfolios have been one of the most pervasive innovations recommended by educational reformers of the 1980s and 1990s. Also, the goal of all assessments is to
document or certify knowledge gained or skills developed by students Grace, 1992, p.1. From that obvious statements, teachers instructed students to choose representative pieces of
work from classroom assignments and to place them in folders. Adam 1998 views that portfolio can present a wide range perspective of learning process for students and enables a
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