81
Review 1
In the beginning there lived one man and o ne w o man, To g lai and
Toglibon. Their
À
rst children were a boy and a girl. When they w ere old
eno ugh, the bo y and the girl w ent far away across the waters seeking a
good place to live. Nothing more was heard of them until their children, the
Spaniards and Americans, came back. After the
À
rst boy and girl left, other children were born to the couple; but
they all remained at Cibolan on Mount Apo with their parents, until Toglai and
Toglibon died and became spirits. Soon after that there came a great drought
which lasted for three years. All the waters dried up, so that there were no
rivers, and no plants could live.
“ Surely,” said the people, “ Manama is p unishing us, and w e must g o
elsewhere to
À
nd food and a place to dwell in.”
So they started out. Two went in the direction of the sunset, carrying
with them stones from Cibolan River. A fter a long journey they reached a
place where there were broad
À
elds of cogon grass and an abundance of water,
and there they made their home. Their children still live in that place called
Magindanau, because of the stones which the couple carried when they
left Cibolan. Tw o c hild ren o f To g lai and
Toglibon went to the south, seeking a home, and they carried with them
women’s baskets baraan. When they found a good spot, they settled down.
Their descendants, still dwelling there, are called Baraan or Bilaan, because of
the women’s baskets.
So two by two the children of the
À
rst couple left the land of their birth. In the place where each settled a new
people developed, and thus it came about that all the tribes in the world
received their names from things that the people carried out of Cibolan, or
from the places where they settled.
All the children left Mount Apo except two a boy and a girl. Hunger
and thirst had made them too weak to travel. One day when they were about
to die the boy crawled out to the
À
eld to see if there w as one living thing,
and to his surprise he found a stalk of sugarcane growing lustily. He eagerly
cut it, and enough water came out to refresh him and his sister until the rains
came. Because of this, their children are called Bagobo.
Taken from http:www.pitt.edu
B. Reading Answer the questions by choosing the best answer.
Questions 16–20 are based on this text.
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Developing English Compet encies f or Grade XII of Nat ural and Social Science Programmes
16. How many children did Toglai and Toglibon have?
a. Two.
b. Four.
c. Six.
d. It is not stated in the text. 17. W ho are d esc end ed f ro m the
Spaniards and Americans? a. To g lai and To g libo n’ s first
children. b. The children w ho w ere born
after the
À
rst children left. c. The children who were called
Magindanau. d. The children who remained at
Cibolan. 18. Why did the children of Toglai and
Toglibon leave Cibolan? a. Because the Spaniards came to
the Philippines. b. Because there came a g reat
drought which lasted for three years.
c. Because the region where they lived was inundated with water.
d. Because their parents passed away.
19. Surely, said the people,
M anama
is punishing us, and w e must go elsewhere to
À
nd food and a place to dwell.
What does
Manama
probably mean? a.
Father. b.
Mother. c.
God. d.
Spirit. 20. Why didn’ t the last tw o children
leave Mount Apo? a. They were too weak to travel.
b. They lo v ed their land v ery much.
c. They waited for rain fall. d. They found a stalk of sugarcane.
When fossil fuels, or other fuels, such as wood or peat, which contain
carbon are burned, carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere. Vehicles
also giv e o ut, and so ad d , carbo n dioxide to the atmosphere.
The Earth’ s atmo sphere allo w s most of the Sun’s rays to pass through
it to heat the Earth’s surface. The Earth re
Á
ects much of the heat energy back into the atmo sphere, but much o f
this re
Á
ected radiation cannot escape because gases such as carbon dioxide
absorb it. They grow warm and send heat radiation back to Earth. This is
the greenhouse effect. Many scientists think that the greenhouse effect may
change the climate, over the next 100
Greenhouse Effect Questions 21–25 are based on this text.
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83
Review 1
years or so. One consequence of soalled global warming resulting from the
greenhouse effect could be melting of the polar ice - caps. This in turn, could
lead to a rise in sea level which could
Á
ood large areas of highly populated coastal land.
If carbo n d io xid e pro ves to be as harmful as tho ught. In o rder to
reduce carbon dioxide levels we need to reduce the amounts of carbon-rich
fuels burned.
Taken from
King
À
sher Science Encyclopedia , 1997
21. What is emitted o ut w hen fuels which contain carbon are burned?
a. Carbon
dioxide. b.
Wood. c.
Peat. d.
Radiation. 22. What effect does carbon dioxide
have on the atmosphere? a. It makes the atmosphere darker
to long-wave radiation. b. It makes the atmosphere allow
most of the Sun’s rays to pass through.
c. It makes the atmosphere allow most of the Sun’s rays to pass
through it to heat the Earth’ s surface.
d. It makes the atmosphere become warmer.
23. The Earth
re
Á
ects
much of the heat energy back into the atmosphere ....
What is the Indonesian equivalent of the italicised word?
a.
M enyerap
. b.
M emancarkan
. c.
M encerminkan
. d.
M emantulkan
. 24. What causes the Earth to become
warmer? a. The Sun’s rays re
Á
ected by the Earth into the atmosphere.
b. The heat radiatio n sent back to Earth by gases that gro w
warm. c.
Re
Á
ected radiation that escapes into the atmosphere.
d. The burning of wood or peat. 25. What will happen if the sea level
rises? a. The polar ice will melt and make
the sea get cooler. b. Some large areas of coastal land
will be inundated. c. Some large areas of coastal land
will be dried up. d. The surface of the Earth will be
Á
ooded with water.
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Developing English Compet encies f or Grade XII of Nat ural and Social Science Programmes
Insecticide is a substance that kills insects. Insecticid es are so metimes
called pesticides. Farmers and gardeners usually
use insecticides to protect plants and animals. Apple trees must be sprayed,
or many of the apples w ill become w ormy w ith moth larvae young.
Many livesto ck o w ners spray their livestock or dip them in an insecticide
solution to protect them from
Á
ies, lice, mites, and ticks. These pests spread such
diseases as cattle fever and sheep scab. Diseases such as malaria and typhus can
be controlled by using insecticides to treat the breeding places of the insects
that spread the diseases. Agricultural pesticides prevent a
monetary loss of about 9 billion each year in the U.S. For every 1 invested
in pesticides, the American
Farmer gets about 4 in return. These benefits, however, must be weighed
against the costs to society of using pesticides, as seen in the banning of
ethylene dibromide in the early 1980s. These costs include human poisonings,
À
sh deaths, honey bee poisonings, and the contamination of livestock products.
The environmental and social costs of pesticide use in the U.S. have been
estimated to be at least 1 billion each year. Thus, although pesticides are
valuable for agriculture, they also can cause serious harm.
Taken from
The W orld Book Encyclopedia, 2007
Insecticides Questions 26–30 are based on this text.
26. What is insecticide? a. A substance that kills weeds.
b. A substance used to kill insects. c. A substance used to eradicate
malaria and typhus. d. A substance used to fertilise
land. 27. A pple trees must be sprayed, or
many o f the apples w ill beco me wormy with moth larvae.
Wormy means
. a. Be like worms
b. Eaten by worms c. Killed by worms
d. Full of worms 28. Many
livestock
owners spray their ....
What is the Indonesian equivalent of livestock?
a.
Kehidupan
. b.
M ata Pencaharian
. c.
Nafkah.
d.
Ternak
. 29. What is the ratio of the cost and the
bene
À
t of the using of pesticides? a. The ratio is 1:4.
b. The ratio is 1:9. c. The ratio is 4:1.
d. The ratio is 9:1.
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Review 1
30. What is the conclusion of the text? a. Pesticides are useful.
b. Pesticides are dangerous. c. Pesticides are harmful.
d. Pesticides are valuable, but they can cause serious harm.
31. Ari : M y te ac he r g av e m e an assignment to w rite a book
review. Can you tell me what book I should review?
Adi :
Well, you’d better
rev iew The A d v entures o f Tom Sawyer.
a. sorry to say that b. I’d like to suggest that
c. if I were you d. I have no objection
32. Dadi : Would you mind making a copy of this book?
Reni :
Oh, no part of the
book may be copied. a. I have no objection
b. sure
c. I
suggest d. sorry to say that
33. Nadia : Hey, Adi. Do you have any plans for tomorrow.
Adi :
No. . Why?
a. I’ m p lanning o n m o u ntain
climbing. b. Nothing’s come up yet.
c. I’m thinking of going to Mount Salak
d. Maybe you can go camping 34. Hamka : Hi,
you would answer a question for me.
Hatta : It depends. What’s it for?
a. I
think b. I wonder if
c. I
feel d. I have to say
35. Ari : Hi, Ari Do you know about the weather for tomorrow?
Adi :
its going to be hot and sunny.
a. I
predict b. The plan is
c. I’m
planning d. What I’m saying is
36. birth control has gained
in acceptance, o ppo sitio n to the practice continues.
a. Despite
b. For
c. Although
d. Since
37. Mo st p eo p le agree w ith family limitation.
, many religious g ro up s co nsid er birth co ntro l
immoral. a.
Nevertheless b.
Moreover c.
Therefore d.
Hence 38. We went out
the rain. a.
Although b.
Because c. In spite of
d. Because
of 39.
I’d like to say that everyone should read the book.
a. As
a conclusion
b. To come to the conclusion c.
Concluding d.
To conclude
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86
Developing English Compet encies f or Grade XII of Nat ural and Social Science Programmes
40. Ultimately, all the carbon compounds by decomposition, and the
carbon is released as CO2 to be used again by plants.
a. break
down b.
broke down
c. is broken down d. are broken down
41. Water into the atmosphere
by plants through photosynthesis. a. is also released
b. is
releasing c.
releases d.
has released
42. DDT in the 1940s, and
thought to be the perfect insecticide because it killed almost all insects
and yet seemed harmless to people and other animals.
a. has been used b. had been used
c. could be used d.
was
À
rst used 43. A nucleus
of protons and neutrons.
a. is made up b.
makes up
c. made
up d. was made up
44. Rani : How often do you wash your hair, Dani?
Dani : I like my hair twice
a week. a.
washing b.
to wash
c. to be washed d.
being washed
45. Mus : If I had kno w n that A d i were ill, I’ll have gone to see
him. The real situation was that
. a. Mus had not know n that Adi
was ill b. Mus didn’t know that Adi was
ill c. Mus knew that Adi was ill
d. Mus doesn’t know that Adi was ill
46. I don’t have a car, but if I .
a. have one I will drive to Yogyakarta on my vacation
b. had o ne I w o u ld d riv e to Yogyakarta on my vacation
c. have had one I would drive to Yogyakarta on my vacation
d. had o ne I w o u ld d riv e to Yogyakarta on my vacation
47. If I had known her, I to her.
a. would
speak b.
will speak
c. would have spoken d.
spoke 48. If Budi arrives on time, I
to him.
a. will
talk b.
am talking
c. would
talk d.
talked 49. If I knew English better, I
. a. would read some English novels
b. will read some English novels c. would have read some English
novels d. w o uld n’ t read so me English
novels
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Review 1
50. Tomb Raiders by Steven
Spielberg. a. is not directed
b. is
directed c. was not directed
d. is being directed
Find passive sentences in the following text.
The Greenhouse effect is raised temperature at the planet’s surface as
result of heat energy being trapped by gases in the atmosphere. Certain
gases cause the atmosphere to act like the glass in a greenhouse. As a result,
the temperature of a planet’s surface may be higher than it otherwise would
be–on Earth about 33º C 59ºF higher. The main g ases that p ro d uce the
greenhouse effect on Earth are water vapour and carbon dioxide. Scientists
suspect that an increased discharge of carbon dioxide from human activity
notably motor transport and industry is contributing to global warming.
G reenho u se g ases are f airly transparent to the short-wavelength,
visible and ultraviolet light that brings most of the Sun’s energy, though about
25 is reflected by the atmosphere, and 25 is absorbed by it. About 5 is
re
Á
ected from the Earth, which absorbs the rest. Some of this absorbed energy
rises again in thermals or in the heat of evaporated moisture. The rest is
reradiated as long–wavelength infrared rays. The infrared radiation emitted
by the Earth is partially transmitted straight back into sp ace. A much
greater amo unt is abso rbed by the greenho use gases, w hich are very
ef
À
cient absorbers of the long infrared w avelengths. Some of the absorbed
heat is reradiated into space, but a lot is radiated downwards to fuel global
warming. Half the world’s population lives on low–lying coastal areas, such as
the Bay of Bengal which is particularly vulnerable to
Á
ooding. Global warming could cause the sea level to rise. A 2m
6ft rise in sea level would inundate close to 20 of Bangladesh and require
tens of millions to be evacuated. A larger rise of 5m 16ft would drown
close to half the country.
Taken from Science and Technology Encyclopedia, 1998.
Greenhouse Effect
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Developing English Compet encies f or Grade XII of Nat ural and Social Science Programmes
C. Writing Write an explanation text based on the diagram. Continue the following text.