Empirical research
, improve the understandability of the
of et governmental financial statements and, xxx
al. therefore, to improve the transparency of (2015)
P olicy financial information Go
ernance, v improve the comparability of the xxx–xxx governmental financial statements among Modeling
3. FVA is more relevant than HCA to 18 72 2 5 3.6 1.14 0.32
governmental entities, promoting the use
of benchmarking techniques
transparenc
4. FVA is more relevant than HCA to 21 84 2 5 4.2 1.30 0.31
improve the comparability of the
governmental financial statements of the
governmental entity itself at previous
times
22 JPO-6178; +Model http://dx.doi.or and Please Table A1 (Continued )
accountability:
Financial assets
cite
Eastern and Central European countries
Frequency Percentage Min Max Mean No. this
of g/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2015.01.010
SD
CV Mean SD
article governmental financial statements, M.P ages providing useful information to adapt public Rodríguez . 39
5. FVA could improve the timeliness of 14 56 1 4 2.8 1.10 0.39 P
An
sector entities to the current socio-economic
in
framework
3 5 4.0 0.82 international 0.20
6. FVA is more relevant than HCA to calculate 16 64 press
the cost of rendering public sector services,
Bolívar AR
improving the assessment of efficiency
as:
Reliability 3.4 1.22
7. The financial information under fair value 14 56 1 5 2.8 1.79 0.64 et TICLE IN PRESS
Rodríguez
accounting is more verifiable information than al. that under historical cost accounting /
comparison.
8. Fair value accounting measures the assets in 16 64 2 4 3.2 0.84 0.26 Journal
a more objective manner than historical cost
Bolív accounting
9. To perform financial audits, fair value 15 60 2 4 3.0 0.71 0.24 of P accounting has more advantages than olicy
ar historical cost accounting ,
Journal M.
10. For regulatory and compliance purposes, 14 56 1 4 2.8 1.30 0.47 Modeling
fair value accounting has more advantages
P.
than historical cost accounting
, 11. The introduction of methods and 22 88 3 5 4.4 0.89 0.20
of et hypotheses used to measure fair value xxx
al. accounting in the notes to financial (2015)
olicy P
statements could improve its objectivity Go
12. The introduction of methods and 21 84 3 5 4.2 0.84 v 0.20 hypotheses used to measure fair value xxx–xxx ernance,
Modeling
accounting in the notes to financial
statements could improve its verifiability
Viability 4.0 1.33
transparenc
13. Currently, reliable and generally accepted 17 68 1 5 3.4 1.52 0.45
methods to estimate FV measures exist
14. To perform financial audits, the cost of 23 92 3 5 4.6 0.89 0.19
using FV measures is higher than using HC
y measures
JPO-6178; +Model http://dx.doi.or and Please
Table A2
Descriptive statistics for property, plant and equipment by nationality of the SAI.
accountability:
Property, plant and equipment
cite
Anglo-American countries Nordic countries No. this
of g/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2015.01.010 article Assets that are traded in an organized, active and liquid market M.P P ages
Frequency Percentage Min Max Mean SD CV Mean SD Frequency Percentage Min Max Mean SD CV Mean SD
Relevance 3.6 1.16510569 3.2 0.89763418 .
1. FVA is more relevant than 20 80 3 5 0.18 4.0 0.71 18 72 2 5 3.6 1.14 0.32 Rodríguez
An in
HCA to show the fair and true
view of the governmental entity
international press
HCA to improve the Bolívar
2. FVA is more relevant than 17 68 2 5 3.4 1.14 0.34 17 68 2 4 3.4 0.89 0.26
AR
as:
understandability of the
governmental financial TICLE IN PRESS
Rodríguez statements and, therefore, to et
improve the transparency of al.
comparison. financial information / Journal
3. FVA is more relevant than HCA 22 88 4 5 4.4 0.55 0.12 17 68 2 4 3.4 0.89 0.26 to improve the comparability of
Bolív the governmental financial of
statements among P
olicy
ar
governmental entities,
M. Modeling
, Journal promoting the use of
benchmarking techniques
P.
4. FVA is more relevant than HCA 18 72 3 4 3.6 0.55 0.15 15 60 2 4 3.0 0.71 0.24
, to improve the comparability of
of et the governmental financial xxx
(2015) previous times olicy Go
al.
statements of the governmental
entity itself at
5. FVA could improve the 8 32 1 2 1.6 0.55 0.34 13 52 2 4 2.6 0.89 0.34
v timeliness of governmental xxx–xxx ernance, financial statements, providing Modeling
useful information to adapt
public sector entities to the
transparenc
current socio-economic
framework
6. FVA is more relevant than 22 88 4 5 4.4 0.55 0.12 17 68 2 4 3.4 0.89 (2015), 0.26
HCA to calculate the cost of
rendering public sector
y services, improving the 23
24 JPO-6178; +Model http://dx.doi.or and Please
Table A2 (Continued )
Property, plant and accountability: equipment cite
No. this
Anglo-American countries Nordic countries
of g/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2015.01.010
Frequency Percentage Min Max Mean SD CV Mean SD Frequency Percentage Min Max Mean SD CV Mean SD
Reliability 2.9 0.93710241 3.0 0.8304548 M.P P
article
ages
7. The financial information under 10 40 2 2 2.0 0.00
fair value accounting is more . Rodríguez 39
An
in under historical cost accounting
verifiable information than that
international press
8. Fair value accounting measures 13 52 2 4 2.6 0.89 0.34 15 60 2 4 3.0 0.71 0.24
the assets in a more objective Bolívar AR
manner than historical cost as:
accounting
TICLE IN PRESS
9. To perform financial audits, fair 13 52 2 4 0.89 0.34 2.6 17 68 2 4 3.4 0.89 0.26 et
value accounting has more al. / comparison. advantages than historical cost
Rodríguez
accounting Journal
10. For regulatory and compliance 15 60 2 4 3.0 0.71 0.24 13 52 2 4 2.6 0.89 0.34
Bolív purposes, fair value accounting of
olicy P ar historical cost accounting , 11. The introduction of methods 15 60 1 4 3.0 1.22 0.41 17 68 2 4 3.4 0.89 0.26 Modeling Journal
has more advantages than
M.
and hypotheses used to measure
P. , notes to financial statements
fair value accounting in the
et could improve its objectivity xxx of
and hypotheses used to measure (2015)
12. The al. introduction of methods 20 80 4 4 4.0 0.00 0.00 15 60 2 4 3.0 0.71 0.24
olicy P Go
fair value accounting in the
v notes to financial statements xxx–xxx
ernance,
could improve its verifiability
Modeling
Viability 4.0 0.00 3.7 0.8232726
13. Currently, reliable and 20 80 4 4 4.0 0.00 0.00 20 80 3 5 4.0 0.71 0.18
generally accepted methods to transparenc
estimate FV measures exist
14. To perform financial audits, 20 80 4 4 4.0 0.00 0.00 17 68 2 4 3.4 0.89 0.26
the cost of using FV measures
is higher than using HC
measures
JPO-6178; +Model http://dx.doi.or and Please
accountability: cite
Assets that are not traded in an organized, active and liquid market
3.3 1.18 2.7 0.79437679 No. this
Relevance
g/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2015.01.010 HCA to show the fair and true of view of article the governmental entity M.P P ages
1. FVA is more relevant than 20 80 3 5 4.0 1.00 1.00 15 60 2 4 3.0 1.00 0.33
2. FVA is more relevant than 17 68 2 5 3.4 1.14 1.14 15 60 2 4 3.0 1.00 0.33
the
HCA to improve
Rodríguez 39
An
in governmental financial
understandability of the
international press
improve the transparency of Bolívar
statements and, therefore, to
AR
financial information as:
3. FVA is more relevant than HCA 20 80 4 4 4.0 0.00 0.00 13 52 2 3 2.6 0.55 0.21 et TICLE IN PRESS
the governmental financial al. statements among / comparison.
Rodríguez
to improve the comparability of
Journal entities,
governmental
promoting the use of
Bolív benchmarking techniques of
olicy , the governmental financial Journal
4. FVA is more relevant than HCA 18 72 3 4 3.6 0.55 0.55 13 52 2 3 2.6 0.55 0.21 P
ar
to improve the comparability of
M. Modeling
statements of the governmental
entity itself at P. previous times
, 5. FVA could improve the 7 28 1 2 1.4 0.55 0.55 10 40 2 2 2.0 0.00 0.00
of et timeliness of governmental xxx
al. financial statements, providing (2015)
P useful information to adapt olicy Go
public sector entities to the
v current socio-economic ernance, xxx–xxx
framework
Modeling
6. FVA is more relevant than 18 72 2 5 3.6 1.14 1.14 15 60 2 4 3.0 1.00 0.33
HCA to calculate the cost of
rendering public sector transparenc
services, improving the assessment of efficiency
(2015), y
26 JPO-6178; +Model http://dx.doi.or and Please
Table A2 (Continued )
Property, plant and equipment accountability: cite
No. this
Anglo-American countries Nordic countries
of g/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2015.01.010
Frequency Percentage Min Max Mean SD CV Mean SD Frequency Percentage Min Max Mean SD CV Mean SD
Reliability 2.7 1.24 2.7 0.69149181 M.P P
article
7. The financial information under 8 32 1 2 1.6 0.55 0.55 13 52 2 3 2.6 0.55 0.21 ages
Fair value accounting is more
Rodríguez .
An
verifiable information than that
in
under historical cost accounting
8. Fair value accounting measures 10 40 1 4 2.0 1.41 1.41 13 52 2 3 2.6 0.55 international 0.21 press the assets in a more objective Bolívar
AR
manner than historical
cost
as:
accounting
9. To perform financial audits, fair 12 48 1 4 2.4 1.14 1.14 13 52 2 3 2.6 0.55 0.21 et TICLE IN PRESS
Rodríguez value accounting has more al. advantages than historical cost /
comparison.
accounting Journal
10. For regulatory and compliance 15 60 2 4 3.0 1.00 1.00 13 52 2 3 2.6 0.55 0.21
has more advantages than of olicy P historical cost accounting ar , 11. The introduction of methods 15 60 1 4 3.0 1.41 1.41 15 60 2 4 3.0 1.00 0.33 Modeling Journal M.
Bolív
purposes, fair value accounting
and hypotheses used to measure
fair value accounting in the
P. notes to financial statements , et
of xxx
could improve its objectivity
12. The introduction of methods 20 80 4 4 4.0 0.00 0.00 15 60 2 4 3.0 1.00 al. 0.33 and hypotheses used to measure (2015)
olicy P
Go
fair value accounting in the
xxx–xxx ernance, could improve its verifiability
notes to financial statements
Modeling
Viability 3.5 0.85 3.8 1.13529242
13. Currently, reliable and 15 60 2 4 3.0 1.00 1.00 23 92 4 5 4.6 0.55 0.12 generally accepted methods to
transparenc
estimate FV measures exist
14. To perform financial audits, 20 80 4 4 4.0 0.00 0.00 15 60 2 4 3.0 1.00 0.33
the cost of using FV measures
is higher than using HC
y measures
JPO-6178; +Model http://dx.doi.or and Please
Property, plant and equipment
accountability:
Southern European countries Germanic countries
cite
Frequency Percentage Min Max Mean SD CV Mean SD Frequency Percentage Min Max Mean SD CV Mean SD No. this
Assets that are traded in an organized, active and liquid market
of
g/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2015.01.010
Relevance
article
1. FVA is more relevant than 17 68 3 4 3.4 0.55 0.16 8 80 4 4 4.0 0
0.00 M.P ages HCA to show the fair and true Rodríguez . 39
An
view of the governmental entity
in
2. FVA is more relevant than 17 68 3 4 3.4 0.55 0.16 8 80 4 4 4.0 0 0.00
HCA to improve the international press
Bolívar governmental financial
understandability of the
AR
as:
statements and, therefore, to
improve the transparency of et TICLE IN PRESS
Rodríguez
3. al. FVA is more relevant than HCA 15 60 3 3 3.0 0.00 0.00 6 60 3 3 3.0 0 0.00
financial information
/ comparison. to improve the comparability of Journal
the governmental financial
statements among Bolív governmental entities, of
ar olicy benchmarking techniques
promoting the use of P
, Journal
4. FVA M. is more relevant than HCA 17 68 3 4 3.4 0.55 0.16 8 80 4 4 4.0 0 0.00 Modeling
to improve the comparability of
P.
the governmental financial
, statements of the governmental
of et entity itself at previous times xxx
al.
5. FVA could improve the 15 60 3 3 3.0 0.00 0.00 6 60 3 3 3.0 0 0.00 (2015)
P olicy timeliness of governmental Go
ernance, v useful information to adapt xxx–xxx public sector entities to the Modeling
financial statements, providing
current socio-economic
framework
transparenc
6. FVA is more relevant than 19 76 3 5 3.8 1.10 0.29 10 100 5 5 5.0 0.00 0.00
HCA to calculate the cost of
rendering public sector
services, improving the
assessment of efficiency y
28 JPO-6178; +Model http://dx.doi.or and Please
Table A2 (Continued )
Property, plant and accountability: equipment cite
No. this
Southern European countries Germanic countries
of g/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2015.01.010 Reliability 3.5 0.50741626 3.8 0.39 P
Frequency Percentage Min Max Mean SD CV Mean SD Frequency Percentage Min Max Mean SD CV Mean SD
article M.P
ages
7. The financial information under 17 68 3 4 0.55
3.4 0.16 8 80 4 4 4.0 0 0.00 fair value accounting is more . Rodríguez 39
An
in under historical cost accounting
verifiable information than that
international press
8. Fair value accounting measures 17 68 3 4 3.4 0.55 0.16 8 80 4 4 4.0 0 0.00
the assets in a more objective Bolívar AR
manner than historical cost as:
accounting
TICLE IN PRESS
9. To perform financial audits, fair 17 68 3 4 3.4 0.55 0.16 8 80 4 4 4.0 0 0.00 et
value accounting has more al. advantages than historical cost / comparison.
Rodríguez
accounting Journal
10. For regulatory and compliance 15 60 3 3 3.0 0.00 0.00 6 60 3 3 3.0 0 0.00
Bolív purposes, fair value accounting of
olicy P ar historical cost accounting , 11. The introduction of methods 20 80 4 4 4.0 0.00 0.00 8 80 4 4 4.0 0 Journal 0.00
has more advantages than
M. and hypotheses used to measure Modeling
P. , notes to financial statements
fair value accounting in the
et could improve its objectivity of xxx
and hypotheses used to measure (2015)
12. The introduction al. of methods 20 80 4 4 4.0 0.00 0.00 8 80 4 4 4.0 0 0.00
olicy P Go
fair value accounting in the
ernance,
v notes to financial statements xxx–xxx
could improve its verifiability
Modeling
Viability 3.9 0.74 4.5 0.58
13. Currently, reliable and 20 80 4 4 4.0 0.00 0.00 8 80 4 4 4.0 0 0.00
generally accepted methods to transparenc
estimate FV measures exist
14. To perform financial audits, 19 76 3 5 3.8 1.10 0.29 10 100 5 5 5.0 0 0.00
the cost of using FV measures
is higher than using HC
measures
JPO-6178; +Model http://dx.doi.or and Please
accountability: cite
Assets that are not traded in an organized, active and liquid market
3.3 0.75 No. this
Relevance
g/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2015.01.010 HCA to show the fair and true of view of article the governmental entity M.P P ages
1. FVA is more relevant than 20 80 4 4 4.0 0.00 0.00 8 80 4 4 4.0 0.00 0.00
2. FVA is more relevant than 22 88 3 5 4.4 0.89 0.20 5 50 2 3 2.5 0.71 0.28
the
HCA to improve
Rodríguez 39
An
in governmental financial
understandability of the
international press
improve the transparency of Bolívar
statements and, therefore, to
AR
financial information as:
3. FVA is more relevant than HCA 15 60 3 3 3.0 0.00 0.00 6 60 3 3 3.0 0.00 0.00 et TICLE IN PRESS
the governmental financial al. statements among / comparison.
Rodríguez
to improve the comparability of
Journal entities,
governmental
promoting the use of
Bolív benchmarking techniques of
olicy , the governmental financial Journal
4. FVA is more relevant than HCA 22 88 3 5 4.4 0.89 0.20 5 50 2 3 2.5 0.71 0.28 P
ar
to improve the comparability of
M. Modeling
statements of the governmental
entity itself at P. previous times
, 5. FVA could improve the 15 60 2 4 3.0 0.71 0.24 7 70 3 4 3.5 0.71 0.20 of et
timeliness of governmental xxx
al. financial statements, providing (2015)
P useful information to adapt olicy Go
public sector entities to the
v current socio-economic ernance, xxx–xxx
framework
Modeling
6. FVA is more relevant than 20 80 4 4 4.0 0.00 0.00 8 80 4 4 4.0 0.00 0.00 HCA to calculate the cost of
rendering public sector transparenc
services, improving the assessment of efficiency
(2015), y
30 JPO-6178; +Model http://dx.doi.or and Please
Table A2 (Continued )
Property, plant and equipment accountability: cite
No. this
Southern European countries Germanic countries
of g/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2015.01.010
Frequency Percentage Min Max Mean SD CV Mean SD Frequency Percentage Min Max Mean SD CV Mean SD
M.P P financial information under 15 60 2 4 3.0 0.71 0.24 7 70 3 4 3.5 0.71 0.20 ages Fair value accounting is more . Rodríguez 39
Reliability 3.4 0.77 3.3 0.62
article
7. The
An
verifiable information than that
in
under historical cost accounting
8. Fair value accounting measures 15 60 3 3 3.0 0.00 0.00 6 60 3 3 3.0 0.00 international 0.00 press
the assets in a more objective Bolívar AR
manner than historical cost
as:
accounting
9. To perform financial audits, fair 15 60 2 4 3.0 0.71 0.24 7 70 3 4 3.5 0.71 0.20 et TICLE IN PRESS
Rodríguez
has
value accounting more advantages al. than historical cost /
comparison. accounting Journal
10. For regulatory and compliance 15 60 3 3 3.0 0.00 0.00 6 60 3 3 3.0 0.00 0.00
has more advantages than of olicy P historical cost accounting ar , 11. The introduction of methods 20 80 4 4 4.0 0.00 0.00 8 80 4 4 4.0 0.00 0.00 Journal M.
Bolív
purposes, fair value accounting
and hypotheses used to measure Modeling
fair value accounting in the
P. notes to financial statements , et
could improve its objectivity xxx
of 12. The introduction of methods 22 88 3 5 4.4 0.89 0.20 5 50 2 3 2.5 0.71 0.28 al.
and hypotheses used to measure (2015)
olicy P
Go
fair value accounting in the
xxx–xxx ernance, could improve its verifiability
notes to financial statements
Modeling
Viability 4.5 0.53 4.5 0.58
13. Currently, reliable and 20 80 4 4 4.0 0.00 0.00 8 80 4 4 4.0 0.00 0.00
generally accepted methods to
transparenc
estimate FV measures exist
14. To perform financial audits, 25 100 5 5 5.0 0.00 0.00 10 100 5 5 5.0 0.00 0.00
the cost of using FV measures
is higher than using HC
y measures
JPO-6178; +Model http://dx.doi.or and Please
Property, plant and equipment
Eastern and Central European countries
accountability: cite
Frequency Percentage Min Max Mean SD CV Mean SD Assets that are traded in an organized, active and liquid market No.
of g/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2015.01.010
this
Relevance 3.7 1.38796138
article the fair and true view of the M.P ages governmental entity . Rodríguez 39
1. FVA is more relevant than HCA to show 20 80 1 5 4.0 1.73 0.43 P
An
2. FVA is more relevant than HCA to 18 72 1 5 3.6 1.67 0.46
in
improve the understandability of the
press financial statements and, international governmental therefore, to improve the transparency Bolívar
AR
of financial information
as:
3. FVA is more relevant than HCA to 19 76 1 5 3.8 1.64 0.43
improve the comparability of the et TICLE IN PRESS
Rodríguez governmental financial statements al. among governmental entities, promoting /
comparison. the use of benchmarking techniques Journal
4. FVA is more relevant than HCA to 20 80 1 5 4.0 1.73 0.43
improve the comparability of the Bolív
governmental financial statements of the of
P olicy ar
governmental entity itself at previous
, times Journal M. 5. FVA could improve the timeliness of 16 64 2 5 3.2 1.10 0.34 Modeling
governmental financial statements,
P.
, public sector entities to the current
providing useful information to adapt
of et framework xxx
socio-economic al. 6. FVA is more relevant than HCA to 19 76 3 5 3.8 0.84 0.22 (2015)
olicy P Go
calculate the cost of rendering public
v assessment of efficiency xxx–xxx ernance,
sector services, improving the
Modeling
Reliability 3.8 1.16510569
7. The financial information under fair 16 64 2 5 3.2 1.64 0.51
value accounting is more verifiable
transparenc
information than that under historical
cost accounting
8. Fair value accounting measures the 21 84 2 5 4.2 1.30 0.31
assets in a more objective manner than
historical cost accounting y
32 JPO-6178; +Model http://dx.doi.or and Please (Continued
Table A2 )
accountability:
Property, plant and equipment
cite
No. this
Eastern and Central European countries
of g/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2015.01.010
Frequency Percentage Min Max Mean SD CV Mean SD
M.P advantages than ages historical cost accounting .
9. To perform financial audits, fair value 18 72 3 5 3.6 0.89 0.25 P
article
accounting has more
Rodríguez
An
10. For regulatory and compliance purposes,
in
fair value accounting has more advantages
than historical cost accounting international press
11. The introduction of methods and 22 88 3 5 4.4 0.89 0.20 Bolívar
AR
value
hypotheses used to measure fair
as:
accounting in the notes to financial
statements could improve its objectivity et TICLE IN PRESS
12. The introduction of methods and 20 80 2 5 4.0 1.41 0.35 al.
Rodríguez
comparison. accounting in the notes to financial Journal
hypotheses used to measure fair value /
statements could improve its verifiability
Bolív
Viability
13. Currently, reliable and generally accepted 19 76 3 5 3.8 0.84 0.22 of
methods to estimate FV measures exist olicy ar P
, 14. To perform financial audits, the cost of 20 80 3 5 4.0 1.00 0.25 Journal M.
using FV measures is higher than using Modeling HC measures