Results phase for Con A effect occurred at early afternoon and did

230 A

3. Results phase for Con A effect occurred at early afternoon and did

not change after denervation Table 1. Fig. 1 and Table 1 summarize the effect of sympathetic Acrophase of LPS mitogenic effect was also seen at denervation on 24-h variations in mitogenic effects of Con early afternoon, a picture that did not change after SCGx A and LPS in lymph nodes of rats at the preclinical phase Fig. 1, lower panel, and Table 1. The administration of of experimental arthritis. Time-of-day-related changes, as Freund’s adjuvant caused a 10-h advance in acrophase of assessed statistically by a one-way ANOVA, were signifi- LPS effect P,0.05 Table 1; this effect was prevented cant for all examined groups, except for LPS effect in by SCGx. SCGx rats treated with Freund’s adjuvant Fig. 1. Fig. 2 and Table 2 show the effect of SCGx on 24-h SCGx resulted in a lower mitogenic response of lymph rhythms in B, T and B–T cells, and in lymph node node cells to Con A, as shown by a lower peak value in cellularity, of submaxillary lymph nodes of rats at the Fig. 1 upper panel and a significantly lower amplitude in preclinical phase of experimental arthritis. Significant COSINOR analysis Table 1. Freund’s adjuvant injection time-of-day-dependent changes were observed in every decreased amplitude of daily rhythm in mitotic response to experimental group for B and T cells, and in all groups Con A, an effect prevented by prior SCGx. Generally, except for SCGx rats treated with Freund’s adjuvant for SCGx increased the Con A response seen in lymph nodes B–T cells. The significant time of day changes in B and T at an early phase of arthritis, as indicated by a significantly cell populations were generally described by a cosine higher mesor value in COSINOR analysis Table 1. Acro- function, with acrophases occurring at night for B cells and Fig. 2. Twenty-four hour changes in B, T and B–T cell populations and cellularity in submaxillary lymph nodes of rats on the second day after the injection of Freund’s complete adjuvant or adjuvant’s vehicle. Rats were subjected to SCGx or its sham-operation 10 days earlier. Cell populations were evaluated by FACS. Shown are the means6SEM. Asterisks designate groups in which time of day changes were significant, as detected in a one-way ANOVA P,0.01; n.s., not significant time-related changes in a one-way ANOVA. Further analysis employing COSINOR is described in Table 2. A .I. Esquifino et al. Brain Research 888 2001 227 –234 231 Table 2 COSINOR analysis of the effect of SCGx on 24-h changes in B, T and B–T cells, and cellularity in rat submaxillary lymph nodes, on the second day after a injecting Freund’s adjuvant or its vehicle Mesor Amplitude Acrophase Percent h, min of rhythm Sham-operation, Adjuvant’s vehicle B cells 15.963.8 3.660.5 00:52602:01 43.966.5 T cells 69.068.7 6.661.2 19:44603:48 30.664.4 B–T cells – – – – Cellularity N.S. N.S. N.S. N.S. SCGx, Adjuvant’s vehicle B cells 17.963.5 8.561.2 04:28601:19 64.568.8 T cells 71.267.8 7.860.9 16:42600:56 78.269.8 B–T cells 2.660.7 0.961.2 17:24601:47 43.667.6 Cellularity N.S. N.S. N.S. N.S. Sham-operation, Freund’s adjuvant B cells 20.663.1 9.661.2 03:18600:56 79.968.7 T cells 67.367.8 7.260.8 14:34601:11 66.567.6 B–T cells – – – – Cellularity N.S. N.S. N.S. N.S. SCGx, Freund’s adjuvant B cells 19.762.6 8.661.1 02:34600:42 85.369.8 T cells 71.269.8 11.663.4 14:18602:32 85.7612.3 B–T cells N.S. N.S. N.S. N.S. Cellularity N.S. N.S. N.S. N.S. a Shown are the means6SEM n54–7 group. Mesor and amplitude values are expressed as percent B, T and B–T cells or number of cells mg 5 tissue310 cellularity. Asterisks designate significant differences in a one-way ANOVA followed by a Dunnett’s t-test, as compared to sham-operated rats injected with adjuvant’s vehicle , P,0.05, , P,0.01. N.S., not significant daily changes in a one-way ANOVA; –: not significant changes in COSINOR . during the afternoon for T cells Table 2. In the case of B of mycobacterial arthritis. This effect was counteracted by cells, a COSINOR analysis indicated a significant increase in SCGx Fig. 3 and Table 3. the amplitude of rhythm in adjuvant’s vehicle-injected rats after SCGx Table 2. A similar increase in B cells was seen in animals injected with Freund’s adjuvant, an effect

4. Discussion