230 A
3. Results phase for Con A effect occurred at early afternoon and did
not change after denervation Table 1. Fig. 1 and Table 1 summarize the effect of sympathetic
Acrophase of LPS mitogenic effect was also seen at denervation on 24-h variations in mitogenic effects of Con
early afternoon, a picture that did not change after SCGx A and LPS in lymph nodes of rats at the preclinical phase
Fig. 1, lower panel, and Table 1. The administration of of experimental arthritis. Time-of-day-related changes, as
Freund’s adjuvant caused a 10-h advance in acrophase of assessed statistically by a one-way ANOVA, were signifi-
LPS effect P,0.05 Table 1; this effect was prevented cant for all examined groups, except for LPS effect in
by SCGx. SCGx rats treated with Freund’s adjuvant Fig. 1.
Fig. 2 and Table 2 show the effect of SCGx on 24-h SCGx resulted in a lower mitogenic response of lymph
rhythms in B, T and B–T cells, and in lymph node node cells to Con A, as shown by a lower peak value in
cellularity, of submaxillary lymph nodes of rats at the Fig. 1 upper panel and a significantly lower amplitude in
preclinical phase of experimental arthritis. Significant
COSINOR
analysis Table 1. Freund’s adjuvant injection time-of-day-dependent changes were observed in every
decreased amplitude of daily rhythm in mitotic response to experimental group for B and T cells, and in all groups
Con A, an effect prevented by prior SCGx. Generally, except for SCGx rats treated with Freund’s adjuvant for
SCGx increased the Con A response seen in lymph nodes B–T cells. The significant time of day changes in B and T
at an early phase of arthritis, as indicated by a significantly cell populations were generally described by a cosine
higher mesor value in
COSINOR
analysis Table 1. Acro- function, with acrophases occurring at night for B cells and
Fig. 2. Twenty-four hour changes in B, T and B–T cell populations and cellularity in submaxillary lymph nodes of rats on the second day after the injection of Freund’s complete adjuvant or adjuvant’s vehicle. Rats were subjected to SCGx or its sham-operation 10 days earlier. Cell populations were
evaluated by FACS. Shown are the means6SEM. Asterisks designate groups in which time of day changes were significant, as detected in a one-way ANOVA P,0.01; n.s., not significant time-related changes in a one-way ANOVA. Further analysis employing
COSINOR
is described in Table 2.
A .I. Esquifino et al. Brain Research 888 2001 227 –234
231 Table 2
COSINOR
analysis of the effect of SCGx on 24-h changes in B, T and B–T cells, and cellularity in rat submaxillary lymph nodes, on the second day after
a
injecting Freund’s adjuvant or its vehicle Mesor
Amplitude Acrophase
Percent h, min
of rhythm Sham-operation,
Adjuvant’s vehicle B cells
15.963.8 3.660.5
00:52602:01 43.966.5
T cells 69.068.7
6.661.2 19:44603:48
30.664.4 B–T cells
– –
– –
Cellularity N.S.
N.S. N.S.
N.S. SCGx,
Adjuvant’s vehicle B cells
17.963.5 8.561.2
04:28601:19 64.568.8
T cells 71.267.8
7.860.9 16:42600:56
78.269.8 B–T cells
2.660.7 0.961.2
17:24601:47 43.667.6
Cellularity N.S.
N.S. N.S.
N.S. Sham-operation,
Freund’s adjuvant B cells
20.663.1 9.661.2
03:18600:56 79.968.7
T cells 67.367.8
7.260.8 14:34601:11
66.567.6 B–T cells
– –
– –
Cellularity N.S.
N.S. N.S.
N.S. SCGx,
Freund’s adjuvant B cells
19.762.6 8.661.1
02:34600:42 85.369.8
T cells 71.269.8
11.663.4 14:18602:32
85.7612.3 B–T cells
N.S. N.S.
N.S. N.S.
Cellularity N.S.
N.S. N.S.
N.S.
a
Shown are the means6SEM n54–7 group. Mesor and amplitude values are expressed as percent B, T and B–T cells or number of cells mg
5
tissue310 cellularity. Asterisks designate significant differences in a one-way ANOVA followed by a Dunnett’s t-test, as compared to sham-operated rats injected with adjuvant’s vehicle , P,0.05, , P,0.01. N.S., not significant daily changes in a one-way ANOVA; –: not significant changes in
COSINOR
.
during the afternoon for T cells Table 2. In the case of B of mycobacterial arthritis. This effect was counteracted by
cells, a
COSINOR
analysis indicated a significant increase in SCGx Fig. 3 and Table 3.
the amplitude of rhythm in adjuvant’s vehicle-injected rats after SCGx Table 2. A similar increase in B cells was
seen in animals injected with Freund’s adjuvant, an effect
4. Discussion