TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER TITLE
PAGE ABSTRACT
i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ii TABLE OF CONTENT
iii LIST OF TABLES
v LIST OF FIGURES
vi LIST OF ABBREVIATION
LIST OF SYMBOL LIST OF APPENDIX
viii LIST OF ABBREVIATION
ix LIST OF SYMBOL
x 1
INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Project Background 1
1.2 Problem Statements 2
1.3 Objectives 2
1.4 Project Scopes 2
1.5 Report Outline 3
2 LITERATURE REVIEW
4 2.1 Type of Soil
4 2.2 Design Earth Battery
5 2.3 Type of Electrode
6 2.4 Arrangement of DC Supply of Clay Soil
11 2.4.1 Series Connection
11 2.4.2 Parallel Connection
12 2.4.3 Cascade Connection
13
3 PROJECT METHODOLOGY
14 3.1 Hardware Setup
14 3.1.1 Casing of Earth Soil Battery
14
CHAPTER TITLE PAGE
3.1.2 Assemble of Electrode 16
3.1.3 Installation of Clay Soil 17
3.1.4 Arrangement of Clay Soil 18
3.2 Hardware Testing 19
4 RESULT, ANALYSIS AN DDISSCUSSION
21 4.1 Series Connection of Each Cell
21 4.1.1 Voltage Difference of Series Connection
23 4.2 Cascade Connection of Each Cell
24 4.2.1 Voltage difference of cascade connection
25 4.3 Total Output Voltage in Series Connection
26 4.3.1Total Voltage Difference of Series
Connection 27
4.4 Total Output Voltage in Cascade Connection 28
4.4.1 Total Voltage Difference of Cascade Connection
29
5 RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION
30 5.1 Conclusion
30 5.2 Recommendation
31
REFERENCE 32
APPENDICES 34
LIST OF TABLE
TABLE TITLE PAGE
2.1 Types of Soil with Average Resistivity and Typical
Resistivity Value 5
2.2 Comparison of Resistivity, Conductivity and
Thermal conductivity of Each Type of Material 10
2.3 Comparison of Connection between
Series, Parallel, Cascade 13
LIST OF FIGURE
FIGURE TITLE PAGE
2.1 Type of Soil a Clay Soil; b Sandy Stone; c Slate Soil 5
2.2 Acrylic Material
6 2.3
Type of Electrode a Copper Electrode; b Gold Electrode; c Aluminum Electrode; d Brass Electrode
8 2.4
Distribution of Current in a Homogenous Soil 10
2.5 Series Connection
11 2.6
Parallel Connection 12
2.7 Series-Parallel Connection
13 3.1
Acrylic Casing Container 15
3.2 Casing Covered by Acrylic Silicon
16 3.3
Check for Leakage on Each Cell 16
3.4 Type of equipment a Rod with Connector; b
Digital Multimeter 17
3.5 Insert clay into an acrylic container
18 3.6
Series Connection Circuit 19
3.7 Cascade Connection Circuit
19 3.8
Type of Connection a Series Connection of Clay Soil; b Series Connection with 3V LED; c Cascade Connection
of Clay soil; d Cascade Connection with 3V LED 20
4.1 Output voltage of each cell of series connection
21 4.2
Voltage different of each cell of series connection 23
4.3 Output voltage of each cell of cascade connection
24 4.4
Voltage difference of each cell of cascade connection 25
4.5 Total output of series connection
26 4.6
Voltage different of total output voltage of series Connection
27 4.7
Total output of cascade connection 28
4.8 Voltage different of total output voltage of
cascade connection 29
LIST OF APPENDIX
APPENDIX TITLE
PAGE A
Table of Output voltage of series connection of each cell 34
B Table of Output voltage of cascade connection of
each cell 36
C Table of total output voltage of series connection
38 D
Table of total output voltage of series connection 39
E Flow chart of project methodology
40 F
K-Chart 41
LIST OF ABBREVIATION
DC - Direct Current
LED - Lighting Emitting Diode
PMMA - Polymethyl Methacrylate
pH - Power of Hiydrogen
H - Hydrogen ion
LIST OF SYMBOL
R - Resistance
I - Current
V - Voltage
L, - Length of cylinder rod
S - Cross sectional area
J - Current density
K - Thermal conductivity
- Electrical resistivity - Electrical conductivity
- Ohm S
- Siemen A
- Amp W
- Watt k
- Kelvin C
- Celcius
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Project Background
