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SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT SOLUTIONS NETWORK SDSN AMAZON
SDSN Amazon is a regional initiative part of the global SDSN Network that was launched by UN Secretary General Ban Ki-Moon to help implement the Sustainable Development Goals.The goal of this network, led by Fundação
Amazonas Sustentável FAS, is to identify and promote practical solutions to achieve cross-cutting economic, environmental and social goals in the Amazon context. The network aims to build an online database
of solutions that can be replicated and scaled by stakeholders in the region.
Multilateral Environmental Agreements
Countries’ commitments under Multilateral Environmental Agreements MEAs to conserve, restore and protect ecosystems
and biodiversity are vital in underpinning water, energy and food systems in the region. Climate change emissions reductions
targets under the UNFCCC are also important in promoting low carbon development strategies and associated investment such as
the development of renewable energy, including hydropower.
5.4 UNITED NATIONS
The regional ofices of FAO, UNDP, UNEP and the Economic Commission ECLAC all work on issues relevant to the water-
energy-food nexus in supporting governments to achieve sustainable development. In particular, ECLAC is focussing
on water security risks in the region and identifying priority topics relevant to the water-energy-food nexus. FAO is active in
developing frameworks and tools to address the water-energy- food nexus. The MuSIASEM tool, originally developed for energy
analysis, has been extended to consider connections with food and water alongside socio-economic and ecological variables
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.
5.5 MULTILATERAL DEVELOPMENT BANKS
Multilateral development banks play an important role in inancing investment in infrastructure and development projects
in the region. These include the World Bank, Inter-American Development Bank IDB, CAF – the Development Bank of Latin
America, and the Brazilian Development Bank BNDES. Whilst all of these banks have environmental and social safeguards, such
as the Equator Principles, impacts on water, energy and food are not explicitly recognised.
The IDB is currently investing in the development of decision- support tools to inform lending and investment in relation to the
water-energy-food nexus. A review undertaken by IDB shows that existing tools were developed for users in the water, energy or
food sectors in isolation, but there is a gap in balanced tools that
apply across the nexus.
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Table 3: Multilateral Environmental Agreements that impact the water-energy-food security nexus. MULTILATERAL ENVIRONMENTAL AGREEMENT
RELEVANT DECISIONS FOR THE WATER-ENERGY-FOOD NEXUS
Convention on Biological Diversity CBD
Aichi Targets: Target 5: By 2020, the rate of loss of all natural habitats, including forests, is at least
halved and where feasible brought close to zero, and degradation and fragmentation is signiicantly reduced.
Target 6: By 2020 all ish and invertebrate stocks and aquatic plants are managed and harvested sustainably, legally and applying ecosystem based approaches.
Target 14: restoration and safeguarding ecosystems that provide essential services including water.
Target 15: restoration of at least 15 of degraded ecosystems.
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change UNFCCC
COP 21 in Paris will deine a future climate change agreement to come in to force in 2020. Under this future agreement countries will need to meet their nationally determined
emissions reductions targets. This will include emissions reductions in key sectors such as agriculture, energy, land-use change and water.
The proposed REDD+ mechanism under this agreement targets emissions reductions from tropical forests.
Ramsar Convention on Wetlands Wetlands protected by Ramsar Sites:
Bolivia: 11 sites, 124,399 km
2
Brazil: 12 sites, 65684 km
2
Chile: 12 sites, 1153 km
2
Colombia: 5 sites, 4585 km
2
Ecuador: 18 sites 2867 km
2
Mexico: 142 sites, 89096 km
2
United Nations Convention to Combat Desertiication UNCCD
25 countries in LAC have submitted national action plans to combat desertiication and land degradation. While Chile and Mexico have not developed national action plans they remain
active at the regional level.
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The countries of Amazonia have harnessed its abundant resources of water, land, and energy to fuel economic growth. However, the intensive development of these resources has led to
large-scale deforestation and pollution, undermining ecosystem services and threatening water, energy and food security that are fundamental to lourishing societies and economies
in Amazonia and beyond. Climate change is multiplying these threats, and recent extreme droughts and loods in the region offer some insight into the likely challenges ahead.
Meeting these challenges depends on a transition from ‘business as usual’ to a new model of climate-compatible development and proactive policies and approaches to build resilience
to climate change. In Amazonia this requires a move away from historic assumptions of abundance towards a practical understanding of current and evolving threats to water, energy
and food security and implications for people and economies in the region. These were the high-level conclusions of the Amazonia Security Agenda ASA project, which
addresses the Amazonian sustainable development discourse in terms of what matters to Latin American political decision-makers today: people’s water, energy, food, and health security.
ASA has developed a platform for dialogue and action around water-energy-food nexus issues in the region: it has synthesised the evidence-base, convened networks of regional institutions
working in this space, and engaged with a ministerial-level Advisory Panel from Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru to identify how regional and sectoral cooperation could
help governments address key priorities for safeguarding water, energy and food security. The indings and initial recommendations endorsed by the Advisory Panel were published in a
synthesis report in October 2013. The synthesis report, background reports and other materials are available at www.segamazonia.org.
Building on this platform, a second phase of the project will develop practical tools that can support the countries of the region to achieve climate-compatible development in an Amazonia
under pressure.
Case Study: Amazonia Security Agenda
3
© Earth Science and Remote Sensing Unit, NASA Johnson Space Center
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Section 6: Improving Water, Energy and Food Security – a Framework for Action
To help analyse how public and private sector decision-makers can improve water, energy and food security, a four pillar
framework based around infrastructure, information, institutions and governance, and investment has been adopted.
INVE STMENT
INF RA
ST RU
C TU
R E
IN FO
R M
AT IO
N
IN ST
ITU TIONS GOVER
NA NC
E
ECOSYSTEMS
E N
E R G Y
F O O
D WATER
INTELLIGENT INFRASTRUCTURE: How can new infrastructure
increase resource-use efficiency, resolve trade-offs,
and minimise risks to water, energy and food security?
ACCESSIBLE INFORMATION: What information and tools
are needed to support decision-making?
EFFECTIVE INSTITUTIONS AND GOVERNANCE:
What are the gaps and opportunities to improve
the coordination and effective implementation of
policies and measures? TARGETED INVESTMENT:
What economic instruments can promote nexus-
friendly investment?
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6.1 INFRASTRUCTURE
