Procedure of Action Research

D. Procedure of Action Research

Kemmis and McTaggart in Burns (1999: 32) state that the procedure of each step in this research can be explained as follows:

1. Identify a Problem Area

In this research, the problems were identified by using three techniques as follows:

a. Pre observation The observation aimed to know the model of class, management and students’ behavior during the teaching and learning process faced during teaching and learning process.

b. Interviewing the teacher and the students The aim of the interview was to know what problems faced by the teacher and the students.

The students were given pre-test to know their speaking skill.

2. Planning the Actions

After knowing the problems and the cause of it, the next step is planning the action. It is stated as follows:

a. Deciding the topic or the material. The topic used in this research was narrative text.

b. Making lesson plan and designing the steps in doing the action

c. Preparing sheets for classroom observation (to know the situation of teaching-learning process when the technique is applied).

d. Preparing teaching-aids (pictures, games, etc.)

e. Preparing camera (to take the pictures of the teaching and learning process)

f. Preparing post-test (to know the improvement of the students’ speaking skill)

3. Implementing the Action

The real implementations were generally presented as follows:

a. The researcher prepared materials containing some exercises and practices taken and adapted from the books source.

b. The researcher distributed copied material according to the number of the students.

c. The researcher gave short explanation and guided the students to understand, practice and do the exercise of interview technique.

for other students in the class.

e. After ensuring that all students had understood, interview could be played in pair or in a group.

f. The researcher and the students made a discussion, reviewed materials and gave some evaluation.

g. The researcher the students’ feeling and their comment dealing with interview technique that had been performed.

4. Observing/ Monitoring the Action

The classroom action research was carried out by the researcher herself as the teacher of English class. The researcher used test, observation, and interviews to the students as the consideration to make a decision dealing with the next steps.

5. Reflecting the Result of the Observation

In this step, the researcher as teacher made an evaluation and investigation towards what she had observed in order to find out the strengths and weaknesses of the teaching activity that had been carried out.

6. Revising the Plan

Based on the weaknesses of the activities that have been carried out using interview in teaching speaking, the researcher revised the plan for the next cycle. The results of this reflection were used to revise the general plan of the next cycle. By doing the reflection, the researcher would find a new plan to teach the students better.

In this classroom action research, the researcher collected the data using qualitative and quantitative method. The quantitative data was collected from the students’ speaking score, while qualitative data consisted of observations, interviews, and document analysis. They are explained as follows:

1. Test

A test is a systematic procedure for observing one’s behavior and describing it with the aid of numerical device or category system. The researcher tested the students by oral test consisting of pre test and post test. In this research, the researcher used guided technique of explanation by telling their favorite story (in pre-research), telling the story of video given (in the post-test 1), and by telling their favorite movie (in post test 2) and oral interview test. The oral interview test was given after they presented their explanation. The questions of this interview consisted of five questions containing questions about the characters of the story, the reason why he or she liked it, the most favorite character in the story completed with the reason, and some questions related to the story. The items of test were enclosed.

2. Observation Observation is a kind of activities in action research that enables researchers to document and reflect systematically upon classroom interactions and events, as they actually occur rather than as we think they 2. Observation Observation is a kind of activities in action research that enables researchers to document and reflect systematically upon classroom interactions and events, as they actually occur rather than as we think they

3. Interview The researcher made interview to the teacher and the students. In the pre-research, the researcher made interview to them in order to know what problems faced especially in speaking. Interview to the teacher was done once in the library. The researcher also interviewed two students in the classroom three times. The first interview was done in the multimedia room, while the second and the last interviews were done in the classroom. The first interview was done in the pre-research in order to know the students’ problem in speaking skill, while the second and the third interviews were done in the process of teaching and learning process and at the end of the research in order to know the students’ improvement in speaking skill.

Examining documents can help researchers to complement other observations by building a richer profile of the classroom for the research. Documents can also give insight into the theoretical and practical values (in Burns, 1999: 140). Documents collected in this research were photographs, students’ worksheet, lesson plan, and list of students’ pre-test and post-test results.