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strategies so that the strategies of language learning can work best. Those strategies are metacognitive strategies centering your learning, arranging and
planning your learning, evaluating your learning, affective strategies lowerinng your anxiety, encouraging yourself, taking your emotional temperature, and
social strategies asking questions, cooperating with others, empathizing with others.
2.1.1.3 Language Learning Strategies in Learning Writing
As stated before in the previous sub-topic, in learning the target language the learner needs strategies so that the learning can be achieve maximally. Since
writing is part of language learning, the learner needs strategy in learning writing. While the writer does a writing activity, the writer uses all of the
metacognitive strategies. Metacognitive means beyond, beside, or with the cognitive. It is meaning to say that metacognitive strategies is the actions which
go beyond purely cognitive devices, and which provide a way for learners to coordinate their own learning process. Metacognitive strategies are very essential
for language learning. It is because people see many new things in learning a new language and usually they lose their focus of learning the target language.
However the focus can be gained again by using these strategies Oxford, 1999:134.
In the metacognitive strategies, there are three main groups of it; there are 1 centering the learning, 2 arranging and planning the learning, 3 evaluating
the learning Oxford, 1999:17. It is clearly seen in Figure 1.
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Overwhelming and linking with already known material
a Centering
Paying attention your learning
Delaying speech production to focus in listening
Finding out about language learning
Organizing Setting goals and objectives
b Arranging and
Planning Identifying the purpose of
language task Planning
for a
language task
Seeking practice
opportunities
Self-monitoring c
Evaluating your learning
Self-evaluating
Figure 1: Diagram of Metaconitive Strategies
2.1.2 Writing
Some definitions of writing are presented by some experts. Some experts say that writing is a means of communication. Zimmerman and Rodrigues say that
writing is much more than letters put together in meaningful patterns. It is a way of thinking, a way of learning, a way of sharing ideas with others, 1992: 4. This
