Mechanical stress grading of tropical timbers without regard to species
I0.b. 1. (l.Q.a.. i
ｊｯｾｲｮ｡ｬ＠
of Wood Science Archieves
Page 1 of 1
Mokuzai Gakkaishi (Japanese with English summary) publishes 6 volumes of highquality scientific information every year.
"'"
The journal features original article, note, rapid communIcatIon and invIted revIew.
ISSN 1435-02111 published in Feb, Apr, June, Aug, Oct, Nov I
Journal of Wood Science is
edited and published by the
Japan Wood Research SOCiety
and published by Springer-Veri;:
Tokyo.
Table of Contents (including previews)
The Latest Issue: VoL51, No.6
Last update: December 27,200517:31:00
\,101.
Vol.
Vol.
\,IQI.
52
51
50
41:)
｜ＬｉｑＱｾﾧ＠
YQI47
'lQLA§
Vol. 45
\,IoL4A
¢
¢
(2006)
(2005)
(2004)
(2003)
(2002)
(2001)
(2000)
(1999)
(1998)
Springer
No.1, ｾ＠ ｾ＠ 1: , § , and §
No. 1. ::? , ｾ＠ • 1: , § , and §
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No. 1. ｾ＠ , ｾ＠ , 4 , §, and §
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4, §, and §
Top 1 About JWRS
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Enrollment
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J Wood Scil Volume 51 (2005)
Page 1 of2
Volume 51, Number 4 (2005)
Original articles
Miyuki Takeuchi, Keiji Takabe, Minoru Fujita
Immunolocalization of an anionic peroxidase in differentiating poplar xylem
317
Yoshihiro Hosoo, Masato Yoshida, Takanori Imai, Takashi Okuyama
The effect of day length on diurnal differences in the innermost surface of the S2 layer in differentiating
tracheids
323
Junji Matsumura, Y oko Yamasaki, Kazuyuki Oda, Y oshitake Fujisawa
Profile of bordered pit aspiration in Cryptomeria japonica using confocal laser scanning microscopy: pit
aspiration and heartwood color 328
Kentaro Abe, Hiroyuki Yamamoto
Mechanical interaction between cellulose microfibril and matrix substance in wood cell wall,
determined by Xray diffraction 334
Anita Firmanti, Efendi Tri Bachtiar, Surjono Surjokusmo, Kohei Komatsu, Shuichi Kawai
Mechanical stress grading of tropical timbers without regard to species 339
Masahiko Kobayashi, Toshiyuki Asano, Mikio Kajiyama, Bunichiro Tomita
Effect of ozone treatment of wood on its liquefaction 348
Dongxiang Wang, Kyoko S. Katsumata, Gyosuke Meshitsuka
Characterization of lignin fragments in alkaline oxygenstage waste liquor as soilconditioning
agent 357
Tadashi Oikawa, Toshiya Matsui, Yasunori Matsuda, Teruko Takayama, Hitoshi Niinuma, Yasuyo
Nishida, Kazuo Hoshi, Mitsuyoshi Yatagai
Volatile organic compounds from wood and their influences on museum artifact materials I: differences·
in wood species and analyses of causal substances of deterioration 363
Natraya Lourith, Takeshi Katayama, Toshisada Suzuki
Stereochemistry and biosynthesis of 8-0-4' neolignans in Eucommia ulmoides: diastereoselective
formation of guaiacylglycerol804' (sinapyl alcohol) ether 370
Nattaya Lourith, Takeshi Katayama, Kimiko Ishikawa, Toshisada Suzuki
Biosynthesis of a syringyl 8-0-4' neolignan in Eucommia ulmoides: formation of syringylglycerol80
4'(sinapyl alcohol) ether from sinapyl alcohol 379
Morten Eikenes, Gry Alfredsen, Bjorn Erik Christensen, Holger Militz, Halvor Solheim
Comparison of chitosans with different molecular weights as possible wood preservative
Eiji Minami, Shiro Saka
Decomposition behavior of woody biomass in wateradded supercritical methanol
395
387
J Wood Sci/ Volume 51 (2005)
Page 2 of2
Notes
Jonas Blomberg
Elastic strain at semiisostatic compression of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris)
401
Oner Unsal, Nadir Ayrilmis
Variations in compression strength and surface roughness of heattreated Turkish river red gum
(Eucalyptus camaldulensis) wood 405
Hulya Kalaycioglu, Ilhan Deniz, Salim Hiziroglu
Some of the properties of particleboard made from paulownia 410
Jianying Xu, Ragil Widyorini, Shuichi Kawai
Properties of kenaf core binderless particleboard reinforced with kenaf bast fiberwoven sheets
415
Rapid communications
Shinichiro Tohmura, Kohta Miyamoto, Akio Inoue
Acetaldehyde emission from gluedlaminated timber using phenolresorcinolformaldehyde resin
adhesives with addition of ethanol 421
Zhenfu Jin, Yuji Matsumoto, Takeshi Tange, Takuya Akiyama, Masanobu Higuchi, Tadashi Ishii, Kenji
Iiyama
Proof of the presence of guaiacylsyringyllignin in Selaginella tamariscina 424
Announcement
.
0
427
o
•
0
o
«) 'I'll.: Japan Wood Rl:scarch Socidy 20(1:'1
J Wood Sci (2005) 51:3:"1317
DOl Hl.I(XI7/sI00?;(IOIl40MI·/
Anila Finnanli . El'cndi Tri Haehliar
Surjono Smjokllsl1ll1o . Kollci Kmmtfsu . Slmiehi Kawai
Mechanical stress grading of tropical timbers without regard to species
Recelvl:u: March 12.2001 ' .\lCl'ptcU: JUtlC 22,2001
Abstract Some reports have shown that for single species
the c,)rrelation between modulus of elasticit\· (MOE) and
modulus of rupture (MOR) in bending is quite high. Tropi
cal timbers consist of hundreds of species that are difficult
to identify. This report deals with the mechanical stress
grading of tropical timber regardless of species. Nine timber
'species or groups elf spc:cies with a total Dumber.of 109.+
pieces measuring 60 x 120 x 3000 mm, were tested in static
bending. The MOE ｜Ｇ｡ｾ＠
measured flat wise, while MOR was
tested edge \\'ise. Statlsllcal analysis of linear regression
with a dummy model and anillysis of covariance were used
to analyze the role of l\lOE and the effect of species on
prediction of MOR. The analysis sho'1ed that using MOE
as a single predictor caused under/overesti'mation for one or
more species and/or ;groups of species. The accuracy of:
prediction would be increased with species identification.
An allowable stress and refei'ence resistance for species
and/or groups of species \\ere provided to compare with the
prediction of strength through timber grading. The timber
strength class for species and/or groups of species was also
established to support the application of mechanical timber
grading.
Introduction
Be1ng a natural milterial. wood has large variations of
strength and stiffness properties among species and even
among pieces in Olll:: species. The variations of strength and.
stiffness are caused by defects or imperfections like knots;
Ｈｮｾｭ｢･ｲＮ＠
size. and location in each piece O.f timber). slope
of 19min, and interlocked grain. To guarantee structural
safety, prediction of limber strength is necessary. The
strength characteristics ,I(' a piece of timber 5hould be evalu
ated by nonclestrllc{i\l' methods. It can be done through
visual grading or mechanical grading or by combination of
such methods. For simplicitv and economy, pieces of timber
of similar mechanical properties are pla'ced in categories
l
called stress grades.
Most tropical ｃＨｬｴＱＡｲｪｾｳ＠
are blessed with a hiodiversity of
;natural resources \\ hieh means that hundreds or thousands
of timber species are ;I\;tibhle for construction. In such
cases, the applic
ｊｯｾｲｮ｡ｬ＠
of Wood Science Archieves
Page 1 of 1
Mokuzai Gakkaishi (Japanese with English summary) publishes 6 volumes of highquality scientific information every year.
"'"
The journal features original article, note, rapid communIcatIon and invIted revIew.
ISSN 1435-02111 published in Feb, Apr, June, Aug, Oct, Nov I
Journal of Wood Science is
edited and published by the
Japan Wood Research SOCiety
and published by Springer-Veri;:
Tokyo.
Table of Contents (including previews)
The Latest Issue: VoL51, No.6
Last update: December 27,200517:31:00
\,101.
Vol.
Vol.
\,IQI.
52
51
50
41:)
｜ＬｉｑＱｾﾧ＠
YQI47
'lQLA§
Vol. 45
\,IoL4A
¢
¢
(2006)
(2005)
(2004)
(2003)
(2002)
(2001)
(2000)
(1999)
(1998)
Springer
No.1, ｾ＠ ｾ＠ 1: , § , and §
No. 1. ::? , ｾ＠ • 1: , § , and §
No.1, ｾ＠ , ｾ＠ 1: , § , and §
No.1, ｾ＠ , ｾ＠ , 1: ,R , and §
No.1, 2 , ｾ＠ , 1: , § , and §
No.1, ｾ＠ , ｾ＠ , 1: , § , and §
No.1, ｾ＠ , 3 , 1: , § , and §
No. 1. ｾ＠ , ｾ＠ , 4 , §, and §
No.1, ｾＬＺＳＮ＠
4, §, and §
Top 1 About JWRS
I
I
I
¢
Enrollment
International Conference
¢
¢
IAWPS
Journal
¢
Annual Meeting
J Wood Scil Volume 51 (2005)
Page 1 of2
Volume 51, Number 4 (2005)
Original articles
Miyuki Takeuchi, Keiji Takabe, Minoru Fujita
Immunolocalization of an anionic peroxidase in differentiating poplar xylem
317
Yoshihiro Hosoo, Masato Yoshida, Takanori Imai, Takashi Okuyama
The effect of day length on diurnal differences in the innermost surface of the S2 layer in differentiating
tracheids
323
Junji Matsumura, Y oko Yamasaki, Kazuyuki Oda, Y oshitake Fujisawa
Profile of bordered pit aspiration in Cryptomeria japonica using confocal laser scanning microscopy: pit
aspiration and heartwood color 328
Kentaro Abe, Hiroyuki Yamamoto
Mechanical interaction between cellulose microfibril and matrix substance in wood cell wall,
determined by Xray diffraction 334
Anita Firmanti, Efendi Tri Bachtiar, Surjono Surjokusmo, Kohei Komatsu, Shuichi Kawai
Mechanical stress grading of tropical timbers without regard to species 339
Masahiko Kobayashi, Toshiyuki Asano, Mikio Kajiyama, Bunichiro Tomita
Effect of ozone treatment of wood on its liquefaction 348
Dongxiang Wang, Kyoko S. Katsumata, Gyosuke Meshitsuka
Characterization of lignin fragments in alkaline oxygenstage waste liquor as soilconditioning
agent 357
Tadashi Oikawa, Toshiya Matsui, Yasunori Matsuda, Teruko Takayama, Hitoshi Niinuma, Yasuyo
Nishida, Kazuo Hoshi, Mitsuyoshi Yatagai
Volatile organic compounds from wood and their influences on museum artifact materials I: differences·
in wood species and analyses of causal substances of deterioration 363
Natraya Lourith, Takeshi Katayama, Toshisada Suzuki
Stereochemistry and biosynthesis of 8-0-4' neolignans in Eucommia ulmoides: diastereoselective
formation of guaiacylglycerol804' (sinapyl alcohol) ether 370
Nattaya Lourith, Takeshi Katayama, Kimiko Ishikawa, Toshisada Suzuki
Biosynthesis of a syringyl 8-0-4' neolignan in Eucommia ulmoides: formation of syringylglycerol80
4'(sinapyl alcohol) ether from sinapyl alcohol 379
Morten Eikenes, Gry Alfredsen, Bjorn Erik Christensen, Holger Militz, Halvor Solheim
Comparison of chitosans with different molecular weights as possible wood preservative
Eiji Minami, Shiro Saka
Decomposition behavior of woody biomass in wateradded supercritical methanol
395
387
J Wood Sci/ Volume 51 (2005)
Page 2 of2
Notes
Jonas Blomberg
Elastic strain at semiisostatic compression of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris)
401
Oner Unsal, Nadir Ayrilmis
Variations in compression strength and surface roughness of heattreated Turkish river red gum
(Eucalyptus camaldulensis) wood 405
Hulya Kalaycioglu, Ilhan Deniz, Salim Hiziroglu
Some of the properties of particleboard made from paulownia 410
Jianying Xu, Ragil Widyorini, Shuichi Kawai
Properties of kenaf core binderless particleboard reinforced with kenaf bast fiberwoven sheets
415
Rapid communications
Shinichiro Tohmura, Kohta Miyamoto, Akio Inoue
Acetaldehyde emission from gluedlaminated timber using phenolresorcinolformaldehyde resin
adhesives with addition of ethanol 421
Zhenfu Jin, Yuji Matsumoto, Takeshi Tange, Takuya Akiyama, Masanobu Higuchi, Tadashi Ishii, Kenji
Iiyama
Proof of the presence of guaiacylsyringyllignin in Selaginella tamariscina 424
Announcement
.
0
427
o
•
0
o
«) 'I'll.: Japan Wood Rl:scarch Socidy 20(1:'1
J Wood Sci (2005) 51:3:"1317
DOl Hl.I(XI7/sI00?;(IOIl40MI·/
Anila Finnanli . El'cndi Tri Haehliar
Surjono Smjokllsl1ll1o . Kollci Kmmtfsu . Slmiehi Kawai
Mechanical stress grading of tropical timbers without regard to species
Recelvl:u: March 12.2001 ' .\lCl'ptcU: JUtlC 22,2001
Abstract Some reports have shown that for single species
the c,)rrelation between modulus of elasticit\· (MOE) and
modulus of rupture (MOR) in bending is quite high. Tropi
cal timbers consist of hundreds of species that are difficult
to identify. This report deals with the mechanical stress
grading of tropical timber regardless of species. Nine timber
'species or groups elf spc:cies with a total Dumber.of 109.+
pieces measuring 60 x 120 x 3000 mm, were tested in static
bending. The MOE ｜Ｇ｡ｾ＠
measured flat wise, while MOR was
tested edge \\'ise. Statlsllcal analysis of linear regression
with a dummy model and anillysis of covariance were used
to analyze the role of l\lOE and the effect of species on
prediction of MOR. The analysis sho'1ed that using MOE
as a single predictor caused under/overesti'mation for one or
more species and/or ;groups of species. The accuracy of:
prediction would be increased with species identification.
An allowable stress and refei'ence resistance for species
and/or groups of species \\ere provided to compare with the
prediction of strength through timber grading. The timber
strength class for species and/or groups of species was also
established to support the application of mechanical timber
grading.
Introduction
Be1ng a natural milterial. wood has large variations of
strength and stiffness properties among species and even
among pieces in Olll:: species. The variations of strength and.
stiffness are caused by defects or imperfections like knots;
Ｈｮｾｭ｢･ｲＮ＠
size. and location in each piece O.f timber). slope
of 19min, and interlocked grain. To guarantee structural
safety, prediction of limber strength is necessary. The
strength characteristics ,I(' a piece of timber 5hould be evalu
ated by nonclestrllc{i\l' methods. It can be done through
visual grading or mechanical grading or by combination of
such methods. For simplicitv and economy, pieces of timber
of similar mechanical properties are pla'ced in categories
l
called stress grades.
Most tropical ｃＨｬｴＱＡｲｪｾｳ＠
are blessed with a hiodiversity of
;natural resources \\ hieh means that hundreds or thousands
of timber species are ;I\;tibhle for construction. In such
cases, the applic