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G. Definition of Terms
a. Multicultural education: is that education which is appropriate to democratic
cultural pluralism. James Lynch, 1986:15 b.
Problem: A question rose for consideration or solution. Merriam-Webster’s dictionary, 2006
c. Technique: a way of carrying out a particular task, especially the execution or
performance of an artistic work or a scientific procedure. oxford dictionaries d.
Teaching: the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill
e. Film: a sequence of photographs or drawings projected on a screen in such
rapid succession that they create the optical illusion because of the persistence of vision of moving persons and objects. Merriam-Webster’s
dictionary, 2006
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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE
This chapter presents the theoretical foundation from some sources related to know the kind of teaching technique used to deal with multicultural students;
especially in reading, speaking and writing skills.
A. Definition Of Multiculturism
Paul Padersen 1998 described that multiculturalism is characterized by two things, the first characteristic of multiculturalism is differentiates emotion, feeling,
behavior, attitudes and perceptions which causes consequences among the people who are involved in the surroundings, although the consequences can not be explained yet.
Then, second characteristic is the differentiates’ that institutionally designed like a country immigration policy, school curricula, employment laws, anti-discrimination
legislation, a climate favoring or opposing cultural diversity, and all the other regulatory and normative social arrangements that affect the lives of its citizens.
If we learn from the word multiculturalism itself, the word can have it simplest meaning as there are many cultures that exist in a certain area. This simplest
understanding occurs after had read a critical incident technique Flanagan, 1954 that stated where people from different cultural, ethnicity, or linguistic backgrounds come
into social contact with each other. From this interaction, peoples who have social contact with others cultural, ethnic or linguistic background will raise many kinds of
effects which can have positive and negative result to review this literature we can see Bochner, 1982, 1994; Furnham Bochner, 1986.
9 Another definition of multiculturalism also comes from Caleb Rosado in his
essay, Toward a Definition of Multiculturalism, in 1997 who stated that multiculturalism is a system of belief and behaviors that recognizes and respects the
presences of all diverse groups in an organization or society, acknowledges and values their socio cultural-differences and encourages and enables their continued
contribution within an inclusive cultural context with empowers all within the organization or society.
B. Multicultural Education
1. Definition of multicultural education
From the definition, the word pluralism is commonly used to talk about race, ethnicity and culture. According to Ramsey, Williams, Vold, 2003 the word race is
popular to refer to biological and genetic traits that distinguish one among populations that have originated from different regions. Moreover, the word ethnicity refers to
“primarily sociological and anthropological characteristic, such as custom religious practices, language usage of a group of people with a shared ancestry or origin”
Quintana, 1998. Same with race, ethnicity may imply a degree of social isolation from the mainstream. The easiest example is African Americans who are
marginalized and excluded from the dominant group. Then, the last word is culture that can be defined into many factors, such as national origin, gender, religion, sexual
orientation, generation, abilities or disabilities, and leisure activity. When multiculturalism happens, it will be followed with increasing of the
problem, issues and challenges. The problems exist because the arrival of the new cultural groups in their society may not be accepted by certain culture. So, they are
needed to adopt strategies such as multicultural and intercultural education to respond
Kategori