Interracial conflict between black and white people depicted in film

to prejudice about the characteristic of black people who actually neither does have father nor job. Sheryl, Coach Yoast’s daughter, a white girl, has prejudice toward Coach Boone’s daughter, Nicky, a black girl. Then, Nicky has also prejudice to responding to Sheryl’s unfavorable attitude. It occurs at first meeting both of them after the Titans’s camp. Sheryl : Why do you dress so weird? Nicky : Look who’s talking.

43:40 - 43:48

43:45 43:52

The dialogue above explains prejudices between Sheryl and Nicky. Sheryl shows her unfavorable attitude toward Nicky through her internal state about Nicky’s cloth. She states that Nicky’s cloth is so weird. Sheryl means the word „weird’ to express a sense of disbelief in plaid dress which Nicky wears because it is not a common wear of her age. Nicky responds her with bad attitude. She is upset about Sheryl’s question. Nicky’s respond about how the most of white people talk or behave means that in her opinion the white people always talk impolitely and behave unfavorably. Then, it can be assumed that both of them act prejudice caused by new population as cultural environment in Virginia. It is happened after desegregated schooling program at T.C William High School, blacks and whites population assimilate in Alexandria. Nicky’s prejudice toward Sheryl grows and makes a stereotype. It is described on the picture and the dialogue below. 48:27 Nicky : Mama Mama Nicky : Hmm? Nicky : Are all white crazy girls that crazy? Mama Nicky : What?

48:34 - 48:45

On the picture above, Sheryl looks shouting the game. When Nicky looks Sheryl directly acting so awkward on the bleacher, she asks to her mom. She asks that all white girls are crazy like what Nicky does. Nicky means that Sheryl and all white girls will always behave in a wild or aggressive way. The word „crazy’ means to prejudice that most of white people do overreacted in responding the football game. It is such as stereotype happened to Sheryl. Actually, Sheryl’s behavior means to express her disappoin tment against football’s game. She knows everything about football from her father and doesn’t believe to what happened to the Titans on the field. Mrs. Bertier, a white woman has also prejudice toward black people. She explains her opinion about blacks to his son, Gerry when he plans to meet Julius, a black man to play basketball together at the Berg. Mrs. Bertier : Gerry, what are you doing? Gerry : I’m going down to the Berg. Mrs. Bertier : The Berg? Gerry : Yep. Mrs. Bertier : What are you doing at the Berg? Gerry : I’m going to play basketball with Julius. Then we’re going to come back here for dinner. Mrs. Bertier : Gerry if your father was still alive. Gerry : Ma, would, just give him a chance. Just get to know him. Listen to him for two seconds. Mrs. Bertier : I don’t want to get to know him. You are coming to church with your mother.

56:46 - 57:15

Mrs. Bertier states that if her husband is still alive, he will disappoint and prohibit Gerry to go with a black man. The prohibition means that if whites and blacks play together something bad will come. Its prejudice contains a belief that white and black people are better to keep separated. Although Gerry tries to make sure her mom, she keeps to not care. She still doesn’t want to know about Julius so far. It makes him perforce follow her advice to go to church. Indeed, her behavior can occur toward mostly black people. Its prejudice comes from her husband and cultural family that lead to her whole family members. The second aspect that leads to prejudice is personality traits. Personality traits are a factor which related to the frustration-aggression hypothesis. McLemore argues that all people experience various frustrations in their daily lives, that these frustrations give rise to hostile feelings, that the hostile feelings may lead to aggressive behavior, and that the aggression may be aimed at a substitute target. 44 Personality traits that lead to prejudice appear on several characters like Gerry Bertier, Coach Herb, Julius and Fred. Personality trait firstly appears on the character of Gerry Bertier, a white player in the Titans when he tries to help a white man that be ganged up by black people. Coach Yoast, a white man coach suddenly comes to prohibit and bring him back to school. Coach Herb : Gerry, son your heart’s in the right place, but you ought to know better than to embarrass the coach like that. Gerry : Hell, why don’t you just kick them all off the team. I don’t want to play with any of those black animals.

03:20 - 03:40

Gerry explains that he doesn’t want to play together with black people in a team. He wants Coach Herb, a white man coach assistant, to kick all black players out of team because his frustration about anarchy of demonstration which black people do toward a white man in his store. “Black animals” that he supposed are to prejudice and describe wild anim als’ deed which cruelty as black people who swarm over a white man. When Gerry says bad opinion about black people, Coach Boone, a black man surprisingly stands in front of him next to coach table. Then, Coach Herb asks to Coach Boone curiously. Coach Herb : Who are you? Coach Boone : I’m Boone. I’m the new assistant coach. 44 Ibid., p. 117. Coach Herb : Well, from the look things. I’d say we got all the help we need around here. Why ain’t you outside there with all your little friends hollering? Coach Boone : This was the time that was arranged for me to meet with Coach Yoast. Coach Yoast : I never miss an appointment. Coach Herb : Well, maybe you just better reschedule.

03:25 - 04:05

Coach Herb argues that they don’t need any helps from Coach Boone. He becomes an actor of prejudice and shows an unfavorable attitude toward Boone. That is caused by frustration feeling about black people’s anarchy of demonstration. In fact, it is similar with Gerry’s frustration. Coach Boone becomes his substitute target. Coach Herb assumes negatively to prejudice that black people who make disturbance outside are Coach Boone’s friends. Without paying attention about that prejudice, Coach Boone only answers and explains to Coach Yoast that he will be the next football coach immediately at T.C William High School. The next character who encounters prejudice through aspect of personality trait is Gerry Bertier. It occurs when he stays in a room with Julius, a black player at Gettysburg camp. He explains about hi s inconvenience to Julius’s behavior. Gerry : I ain’t lookin’ at that for two weeks, man. Take it down. Julius : You can close your eyes for two weeks, all I care. Why don’t you look at your wall and I’ll look at mine. Gerry : I’ll look wherever I want to, and I don’t want to be looking at that for two weeks. Julius : Then you better use your X-ray vision, superman, and look at through it, „cause it ain’t comin’ down.

18:44 - 19:05

The dialogue between Gerry and Julius abov e explains that Gerry doesn’t want Julius to hang a poster on the wall. His deed means a bad attitude or internal state as frustration as one of prejudice forms. His frustration is happenend because of pressure that comes from Coach Boone’s rule. Coach Boone declares everyone, blacks or whites that have the same position in team must live together in a room until the camp over. However, it makes Julius become a victim as subtitute target which prejudiced by Gerry’s frustration toward Coach Boone’s rule. Julius and Gerry continue their prejudice toward each other. It happens after practice finished. Gerry : All right man, listen. I’m Gerry, you’re Julius. Let’s get some particulars and just get this over with, all right? Julius : Particulars? Gerry : Yeah Julius : No matter what I tell you. You ain’t never gonna know nothing about me. Gerry : Listen, I ain’t runnin’ any more of these 3-a-days. Julius : What I got to say, you really don’t want to hear „cause honesty ain’t too high on your people’s priority list. Gerry : Honesty. You want honesty? All right, honestly I think you’re nothing. Nothing but a pure waste of God-given talent. You don’t listen to no body man. Not even Doc or Boone. Shiver push on the line every time, man. You blow right past „em Push „em Pull „em Do something You can run over everybody in this league, and every time you do, you leave one of your teammates hanging out to dry, me in particular

29:17 - 30:19

From the dialogue above, we know that Julius responds Gerry’s statement with prejudice. Gerry orders him to get some particulars, but Julius thinks that Gerry never wants to know about him. He also says to prejudice that most of white people have no honesty in priority list. Then, Gerry expresses returning his bad accusation to Julius. He prejudices that Julius and other black people are nothing and never listen to everybody. These internal states mean that both of Julius and Gerry have prejudice as frustration which gives rise to hostile feelings toward each other. The reason of their prejudices is a pressure which comes from Coach Boone. Coach Boone pushes all of players, blacks and whites to know each other properly or they will practice three times a day. Based on that rule, Julius and Gerry feel so discomfort and accuse each other negatively. Alan’s father, Fred as a white man has a prejudice toward Coach Boone and Coach Herb, a black man coach assistant. It also comes from the aspect of personality traits. Fred : Five times, five times, player of the week. He’s not some walk on scrub, Yoast. The boy’s a player. He’s a star. And he busted his butt for you. This is all your doing, you blacks. Coach Yoast : That is enough. Fred : It’s my call. Coach Yoast : Now, listen. You just go on home now, Fred, before you do something that you’re going to regret.

54:48 - 55:10

Fred shows his disappointment by coming to the office to meet Coach Yoast directly. He doesn’t believe what Coach Yoast did to his son, a white player. Coach Yoast pulls out Alan and changes him with Petey, a black player. Fred is frustrated about that event. He only knows that Alan is a football star before he plays in the Titans football team. This frustration leads to his prejudice for believing that mostly blacks influence white people’s mind to behave unfair in treating fellow white people. In the film, there are some dialogues from some characters which are part of the white people that associated to the last aspect of prejudice; Group Identity. This aspect explains that the group preferences will be the same preferences for members in the group. McLemore said that in this way, the group’s preference become their preference; its standard, their standard; its beliefs, their beliefs, and its enemies, their enemies. Prejudice is a predictable consequence of this natural ethnocentrism. 45 Several characters occur to aspect of group identity, like Fred, Ray, Gerry, Julius, Emma, Petey and Coach Taber. When T.C William High School just becomes school desegregated in Virginia, all white parents make a meeting with Coach Yoast. Coach Yoast wants to move going to coach the other team outside. Truthfully, they dont want Coach Yoast go away and their kids will be coached by a black man. Fred : I say boycott T.C Williams Coach Herb : Tell them Fred Fred : Our boys aren’t playing for some Coach coon

09:20 - 09:55

Fred says in front of their white group suggesting to boycott T.C William High School. All white parents agree with him and dont want Coach Yoast changed by Coach Boone, a black coach. Fred also explains their sons must not play to coach “coon”. The word “coon” originally derives from raccoon, a grayish-brown American mammal. It is also used as a derogatory term to black people’s image as term of extreme disrespect. It explains to dislike the existence of blacks playing with whites jointly in a team. The white groups actually have 45 Ibid., p. 120. prejudice that black people will be unfair in coaching their sons. Freds statement exists as the groups preference. All of them have the same opinions that lead to prejudice. It becomes a simultaneously belief of white group toward black people. By considering that groups prejudice, Coach Yoast decides to stay coaching with Coach Boone at T.C William High School. When Coach Boone checks the attendance of football players, Coach Yoast comes to him by carrying white players behind. Ray, a white player tells Gerry about his worries toward Coach Boone. Ray : With him calling the shots, ain’t none of us. Gonna see nothin’ but the bench this year. Gerry : He ain’t calling the shots. you’ll play.

13:27 - 13:40

Ray’s statement above means to prejudice. He does not believe to coach Boone in managing the team. He prejudices that black people always will be unfair and black players will be the one who dominate football team of T.C William High School. Its prejudice is based on his belief while attending white parents meeting. It is described by his argument below. Ray : Coach, I’m out too. I’m not playing for no thief. Coach Yoast : Don’t do this. Don’t make this any harder for me than it already is. Alan : Coach, if you go, I go.

09:45 - 09:58

Ray argues that if Coach Yoast goes out of team, he will be out too. He describes Coach Boone as a thief who takes C oach Yoast’s job. It means to prejudice that mostly black people steal everything from white people. Alan also follows Ray’s action. An action about going out of team becomes all whites’ preference who come in meeting. It is kind of self-hate aimed to coach Boone and all black players. Then, Ray does another prejudice toward Rev, a black player in the Titans. It occurs as they gather on players’ meeting at school hall. 1:05:06 The Titans have a meeting to talk about their progress without Coach Boone. Rev, a black player suggest them to motivate the team by singing a song and having a toast. As portrayed on the picture above, Ray denies Rev’s toast cynically. He does not care about Rev’s suggestion. He only cares about white players in team. His unfavorable attitude is kind of prejudice that comes from his choice as white group. The choice becomes his priority and reference toward black people as his enemy. Gerry shows his prejudice toward Coach Boone. He talks to him directly. Coach Boone : How can I help you boys? Gerry : I’m Garry Bertier. The only all-American you got on this team. You want any of us to play for you, you reserve half the open positions for Hammond players, half the offense half the special teams. We don’t need any of your people on defense. We’re already set. Coach Boone : Oh- huh, don’t need none of my people? What did you say your name was, Jerry? Gerry : Gerry.

14:54 - 15:16

Gerry feels that he is the only one American in team. If Coach Boone wants any of whites to play, he must save half of positions in team for them. He asserts that his whites groups do not need any black players to play on defense position. It is kind of ethnocentrism in group identity. Gerry shows a feeling of superiority as white group. He thinks that his group is already set. All of part in his group is also best for him. Its superiority leads to prejudice against Coach Boone and black players. It means to prejudice Coach Boone and black players in team that become no American. Julius becomes an actor of prejudice which caused by group identity. It happens while all players eat lunch together. Black and white players have their own seat. Louie, a white player separates himself from white group. He chooses sitting next to Julius and the other black players. Julius : What you doing man? Louie : Eating lunch. Julius : I see you eating lunch. But why you eat over here? Why don’t you go on over there and eat with your people? Louie : Man, I don’t have any people. I’m with everybody, Julius. He’s just alight-skinned brother. Julius : Yeah, and I’m a dark-skinned cracker.

22:15 - 22:49

Julius’ question to Louie above means to prejudice. All black players look him strangely. They wonder about Louie that sitting in black player seats. Julius thinks Louie should sit in white seats with his white friends. His bad internal state actually means to prejudice that white people have bad intentions while joining together with black people. It can be described that Louie as an out-group “whites” who comes join to in-group “blacks” may lead prejudice executed by members of in- group “blacks” through their bad attitude. When T.C William High School just begins, it looks black and white students standing separately in front of school. Black and white students have their own view toward each other. Emma, a white woman seems so annoyed seeing black students. She makes conversation with Gerry about that. Emma : Look at them, Gerry. They hate us. Gerry : Nah, just a bad day. Things’ll cool down. Emma : No, Gerry. They’re always gonna hate us.

44:27 - 44:40

A feeling of self-hate appears in Emma. As a white group, she thinks that those black students hate white people. She prejudices that black people constantly hate white people everywhere. Although Gerry replies with a good response, she still keeps thinking negative about them. Emma’s prejudice can be explained as a hostility reaction comes from in- group “whites” to out-group “blacks”. After that, Julius comes to Gerry. Gerry who is talking with Emma wants to introduce Julius to her. Then, Emma responds Julius with bad attitude. Gerry : Ah, sorry. Julius, this is Emma. Julius : Give a hand. Emma : Go away. Julius : Camp over now, huh? Back to the real world, Bertier.

44:56 - 45:07

Emma does not want to make handshake with Julius. She just goes away while Julius giving his hand. It is clearly such an unfavorable attitude. Emma is part of white group students who hate black students. Like what Emma prejudiced before, it is still kind of a hostility reaction comes from whites group’s behavior. Petey, a black player prejudices to a white guy and his some white friends. It is started by Petey’s conversation with two white girls. He tells them about Ronnie “Sunshine”, a white player playing as his teammate. Not too far, a white guy with his some white friends come and speak to him. Petey : What you all staring at old Sunshine for? I’m the one dominating on the field. He ain’t played a minute all year. A White Girl 1 : Who cares about the field? Petey : Well, I don’t want to be the one to break your heart, but Sunshine’s from California. A White Girl 2 : Yeah, a California dreamboat. Petey : No. Sunshine is from California. He’s a Californian. A White Guy : You talking to my girl? Petey : I don’t see any livestock around here so I don’t know what you talking about.

1:00:35 - 1:01:11

Petey has prejudice to a white guy by using the word “livestock”. He means that a white guy with his some white friends do not talk to him because his is not part of their group . It describes to prejudice white people’s life as same as farm animals that have no rule inside who are different with black people’s life. Petey’s prejudice actually comes from black group’s belief at school. As part of group’s member, he also believes black group’s standard that distinguish white people differently at T.C William High School. Coach Taber, a white man coach shows his prejudice toward his rival Coach Boone. It is described when he has an interview with the reporter on television. Coach Boone watches Coach Taber’s prejudice at television at his office. The Reporter : Coach Taber. What do you think of the Titans, coach? Think you have a chance against that defense they have over there at T.C? Coach Taber : Ton, Billy, Ray, come on over here. Boys. These are my all American tackles. Prize bulls who don’t do nothin’ but knock the chocolate out of folks. The Reporter : Is it true you’re not gonna trade films with Coach Boone? Coach Taber : I’m not gonna do anything to help that monkey. 1:17:13-1:17:57 Coach Taber is very optimist on his team’s match versus Coach Boone’s team. He believes that his team will be the winner easily. Prejudice comes when he answers reporter’s question. Without any concern, Coach Taber contempts Coach Boone with a derogatory term “monkey”. It means that as a black man, C oach Boone looks like a monkey who has an ugly physical. Coach Taber’s prejudice comes from a feeling of superiority to contempt toward member of out- group. He assumes that mostly black people and Coach Boone do not deserve to be helped because they are such an animal. According to McLemore, in three factors of discrimination, situational pressures aspect focuses on behavior rather than attitudes, but it also emphasizes the current determinants of behavior rather than those growing out of socialization process. And, individuals learn stereotypes and social distance norms; individual develop personality needs that predispose them more-or-less toward becoming prejudiced; individuals respond to situational pressures and behave in discriminatory ways. 46 The characters of Ray and the bar manager do discrimination toward blacks which based on aspect of situational pressures. Ray, a white player is very disappointed to what Coach Boone instructs. Black and white players must stay in a room together. Petey becomes his black roommate. When Petey looks for bed, Ray discriminates him to find another bed. Ray : That’s my bed. And that’s his bed.

18:29 - 18:38

18:31 18:37

Ray does not let Rev to take a bed neither bottom and top. His reason means bunk bed to be his bed and his white friend’s bed. Rev necessarily looks for another bunk bed resignedly. Ray feels uncomfortably undertaking coach Boone’s rules. His bad behavior is caused by social pressure which comes arising through blacks and whites situation at camp. It grows as discrimination against Petey. After winning some games, Sunshine, a white man wants to take Petey and Blue, a black player celebrating together in a bar. Petey and Blue firstly refuse his solicitation. They know that mostly places dominated by white people in Virginia. 46 Ibid., p. 129. Sunshine entreats them again. He describes it will not happen nowhere. Until they come into and meet the bar manager, a white man. The Bar Manager : We’re full tonight boys. Sunshine : What? There’s table all over the place, man. What are you talking about? The Bar Manager : Well, this is my establishment. I reserve the right to refuse service to anybody. Yeah, that means you too, hippie boy. Now you all want something to eat you can take these boys out back and pick it ll up from the kitchen.

53:54 - 54:26

After they enter the bar, there is no black people at all inside. The place is all whites. The bar manager drives Sunshine, Petey and Blue out quickly. He says that the bar is full. In fact, there are still many empty tables inside. The bar manager discriminates them deliberately. As a white man living in Virginia, he does discrimination toward blacks because of situational pressures. Although he actually needs money, he remains to not allowing black people as guest there. It is because of the most places in Virginia are owned by white people. Most of them have same rule as discrimination toward black people. They do not allow black people get into their place. Its situation becomes a pressure and a behavior of white people’s discrimination as majority toward black people as minority in Alexandria, Virginia. The next aspects are Group-Gains and Institutional. According to McLemore, both the group-gains aspect and the institutional-discrimination aspect emphasize that discrimination has important sources other than individual prejudice. In this case, we could see that the discrimination that occurs in one institutional setting may carry over into or have side effects on a related institutional setting. 47 In this film, the aspect of group-gains and institutional- discrimination are not illustrated. From identifications above, we know that the interracial conflict between blacks and whites in Remember the Titans 2000 film raised through several aspects of prejudice and discrimination. The three aspects of prejudice according to McLemore appear in Remember the Titans 2000 film, cultural transmission is rising through Ray, Sheryl, Nicky and Mrs. Bertier, a personality trait is reveal through Gerry, Coach Herb, Julius and Fred. And the last, group identity is portraying through Fred, Ray, Gerry, Julius, Emma, Petey and Coach Taber. Then, about the three aspects of discrimination, situational pressures are portraying through Ray and the bar manager. Group gains and institutional are not illustrated in Remember the Titans 2000 film.

B. Conflict resolution between black and white people in film Remember

the Titans After analyzing prejudice and discrimination, we know that the interracial conflict between blacks and whites in Remember the Titans 2000 film caused by prejudice and discrimination. Actually, interracial conflict can be solved by the theory of reducing prejudice and discrimination. McLemore explains that there are two approaches which can be used in reducing prejudice and discrimination, such as educational approach and legal approach. 48 In this research, the approach 47 Ibid., p. 137. 48 Ibid., p. 138. that will be used is educational approach with more specify based on intergroup contact theory. According to McLemore, a variety of social settings within which intergroup contact occur have been investigated, but two settings have received special research attention. These are interracial housing and desegregated schooling. Along with most other studies of intergroup contact, the basic assumption of housing and school-desegregation research has been that contact or even proximity will lead to the reduction of prejudice and intergroup tension. 49 In Remember the Titans film, the existence of desegregated schooling between blacks and whites is very important. Started by the government’s program of bl acks and whites’ high school-desegregation in Alexandria, Virginia, three schools merged into one school necessarily at T.C William High School. The intergroup contact arises from desegregated schooling program through High School football competition. The Titans play representing T.C William High School as school-desegregation in Alexandria, Virginia as the only one team who competed and played by two different races, blacks and whites. School delegation appoints C oach Boone as the Titans’s coach replacing Coach Yoast as coach of white school at Hammond High School. As a black man, Coach Boone is required in order to unite them blacks and whites playing compact as a team. Actually, he is the important character who arises intergroup contact between blacks and whites through coaching the Titans football team and it impacts to mostly people in Alexandria, Virginia. 49 Ibid., p. 142. There are Coach Boone’s manners in solving their interracial conflict and winning the game , such as rule of players’ bus seat, rule of players roommate, punishment of running a mile, punishment of making report, suggestion about history of civil war and suggestion before they play on the first match. Besides, there is one naturally intergroup contact between blacks and whites that portrayed through Gerry’s accident. Coach Boone starts to make a rule while training begins with the titans to camp in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. Before their departure to there, Coach Boone looks them marching untidy. They choose their own bus with category of skin color. By looking the disharmony between blacks and whites that seated separately in two buses, Coach Boone mixes black and white players into a bus based on the position of football players. Coach Boone : Listen up. I don’t care if you’re black, green, blue, white, or orange, I want all of my defensive players on this side, all players going out for offens over here. Right now. Let’s move Let’s move Let’s move Let’s move You and you, offensive bus. Sit together. You and you, defensive bus. Sit together. Get comfortable, too. Because the person that I have you sitting next to is the same one you’ll be rooming with for the duration of this camp.

17:12 - 17:53

The sentences above explain that even though they are part of different race, Coach Boone does not want them to sit in different bus. Coach Boone makes a rule and insists black and white players to sit next to each other in a bus by category of defensive and offensive players. Nonetheless, he adds a rule about their rooms at camp. He pushes them to remain comfortable as living by category