v
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Abstract i
Abstrak ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgements iv
Table of Contents v
List of Tables ix
List of Figures x
List of Abbreviations, Symbols, Specialized Nomenclature viii
1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Background of Project 1
1.2 Problem Statement 2
1.3 Objectives 2
1.4 Scope Project 3
2. LITERATURE REVIEW 4
2.1 Cylindrical Grinding Machines 4
2.1.1 Machine Specification 7
2.1.2 Cylindrical grinding machine parts 8
2.1.2.1 Tailstock 8 2.1.2.2 Headstock 9
2.1.3.3 Wheel head 10
2.1.3 Grinding Wheel 11
2.1.3.4 Standard types of Grinding Wheel 12
2.1.3.4 Grinding Wheel Specification 14
vi 2.2 Grinding parameter
17 2.2.1 Introduction of grinding parameter
17 2.2.2 Process parameters 18
2.2.2.1 Uncut chip thickness or grain penetration on depth 18 2.2.2.2 Wheel speed 19
2.2.2.3 Work speed 19 2.2.2.4 Depth of cut
20 2.2.2.5 Equivalent wheel diameter
20 2.2.3 Output variables from input parameters
20 2.2.3.1 Residual stresses
20 2.2.3.2 Tangential grinding force
21 2.2.3.3 Normal grinding force
21 2.2.3.4 Coefficient of grinding
22 2.3 Coolant
23 2.3.1 Types of metalworking coolants. 24
2.3.2 Benefits of metalworking coolants 26 2.3.3 Coolant concentration 27
2.3.4 Refractometer 29
2.3.5 Application results 30
2.4 Material 31
2.4.1 Background of Stainless steel SUS 304 31
2.4.2 Composition of material 31
2.4.3 Mechanical Properties 32
2.4.4 Physical Properties 32
2.5 Roundness 33 2.5.1 Theory of roundness 33
2.5.2 Cause of Roundness 34 2.5.3 Roundness Measurement 35
vii 2.5.3.1 Coordinate measuring machine in determine the roundness 35
2.5.4 Method in measure roundness 35 2.5.5 Least Square Method 36
2.5.6 Evaluation Method of Roundness 37
3. METHODOLOGY 40
