confusing. For toothpaste product category, 46 of respondents agreed that there are too many products available in the market. Meanwhile, a one-sample t-test was run to determine
whether these means was different from cut-off rate of 3.00. The p-values for each product category in similarity confusion were 0.000 for liquid soap, 0.004 for toothpaste and 0.000
for shampoo. It means that statistically there were statistically significant differences between these means and the cut-off rate 3.00.
4.3 Confusions Comparison Between Gender
This study used independent sample t-test analysis to find out the existences of consumer confusion among university students in Yogyakarta and comparing the degree of confusion
between female and male samples. SPSS software version 17 was used to perform the analysis.
Statements Liquid Soap
Toothpaste Shampoo
Un-clarity Confusion UC
Mean
a
t Sig. 2
tailed Mean
a
t Sig. 2
tailed Mean
a
t Sig. 2
tailed
F
b
M
b
F
b
M
b
F
b
M
b
Toiletries products are too
complex, I cannot evaluate them
comprehensively 2.99
2.75 1.652
0.100 3.03
2.98 0.328
0.743 3.00
2.87 0.808
0.420
Toiletries products function
or advantage is changing too fast, I
am not sure what is going on
2.79 2.79
0.046 0.963
2.86 2.85
0.008 0.994
2.84 2.88
-0.294 0.769
Toiletries products have a
huge range of functions,
sometime I forgot my initial purchase
goal because I am distracted by other
functions
2.68 2.70
-0.108 0.914
2.69 2.75
-0.338 0.736
2.68 2.70
-0.109 0.913
When you choose toiletries
products you choose the brands
then the function. 2.69
2.96 -1.551
0.122 2.67
3.04 -2.092
0.038 2.68
3.05 -2.054
0.041
It is very difficult to evaluate
whether the brands and function are
reliable 3.03
2.90 0.858
0.392 2.99
2.95 0.248
0.805 3.06
2.92 0.901
0.368
Toiletries products are
complicated product, I do not
have much confidence in my
ability to use it correctly
3.79 3.46
2.276 0.024
3.82 3.47
2.500 0.013
3.77 3.46
2.142 0.033
Table 4.5 Degree of Confusion Comparison between Genders
The statements on Table 4.5 required the student samples to rate their agreement with every statements stated when they have to buy toiletries products in this case liquid soap,
toothpaste and shampoo. The student samples were classified based on gender as shown in Table 4.5. From the Sig. 2 tailed value it can be concluded that if the value is
≤0.05 it means that there were differences between female and male in terms of confusion level.
Meanwhile, if the Sig. 2 tailed value is 0.05 it means that there were no differences between female and male in terms of confusions’ level.
In terms of unclarity confusion, it can be seen that there were no differences between female and male with Sig. 2 tailed value for liquid soap 0.445, toothpaste 0.603 and
shampoo 0.4400. Meanwhile, from the average mean rating for unclarity confusion it can be seen that male respondents tend to have a little bit higher degree of confusion in terms of
liquid soap, their average mean rating were 2.96 for female respondents and 2.92 for male respondents. For shampoo product category male respondents still have a higher degree of
unclarity confusion with their average mean rating 2.96 compared with 3.00 for the female
There is too much professional
jargon, I cannot understand it all
2.81 2.89
-0.525 0.600
2.84 2.85
-0.130 0.897
2.78 2.87
-0.611 0.542
Average 2.96
2.92 0.393
