HUMAN RIGHTS REFLECTED IN FLOWERS FOR ALGERNON (1966) NOVEL BY DANIEL KEYES: A SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH Human Rights Reflected in Flowers for Algernon (1966) Novel by Daniel Keyes: A Sociological Approach.
HUMAN RIGHTS REFLECTED IN FLOWERS FOR ALGERNON (1966) NOVEL BY
DANIEL KEYES: A SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
by:
DWI NANDA YULIAWAN
A320130053
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2017
MOTTO
‘’Success? I don’t know what that word means. I’m happy.
But success, that goes back to what in somebody’s eyes success means.
For me, success is inner peace. That’s good day for me.’’
(Denzel Washington)
‘’Passion is a treasure. Find it.
Then follow the passion and enjoy the truth of happiness.’’
(Nanda Yuliawan)
v
DEDICATION
This research paper is dedicated to:
My parents. Mrs. Sarsi Muhayani who always loves me, takes care of me, and gives me the best things in my
life. Mr. Sukimin who loves me by his own way.
My one and only big brother, Andiana Ferisetiawan who always supports and gives me efficacious motivation to
keep me on fire.
All of my marvelous English department friends.
I love you all because you’re awesome just like me.
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb
Alhamdulillahhirabbil’alamin. All praises belong to Allah SWT to his blessing given
to the researcher, so the researcher could complete his research paper entitled HUMAN
RIGHTS REFLECTED IN FLOWERS FOR ALGERNON (1966) NOVEL BY DANIEL
KEYES: A SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH. In conducting this research, the researcher
got so many helps from many people. The researcher would like to express his deepest
gratitude and appreciation to the people in the following list:
1.
Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M.Hum., the Dean of School of Teacher Training and
Education, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
2.
Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph.D., the Chief of Department English Education,
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
3.
Titis Setyabudi, S.S, M.Hum., as the consultant and also the first examiner who has
supported and encouraged the researcher to conduct this research by giving the best
advices and suggestions, so the researcher can broaden his knowledge about literature.
4.
Dr. Abdillah Nugroho, M.Hum., as the second consultant who has examined, given
correction, advice patiently, so the research paper can be finished.
5.
Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum, S.Pd., M.Ed., as the third consultant who has
examined, given correction, advice patiently. So, the research paper can be finished as
well.
6.
Drs. Maryadi, M.A., as Academic Advisor who always encourages the researcher and
gives his best advice and suggestions.
7.
All lectures of Department of English Education who have become such great
education and for giving uncountable knowledge to the researcher.
8.
EDSO who gives me the best experiences and opportunities.
9.
My friend of mine, Aziz, Hemix, Riza, Rifki, Rizal, Afel, Dara, Wenny, Putik, and all
members of Class B ‘’Kejora’’ who give me an awesome lesson during living and
lecturing in UMS.
vii
10.
My helpmates, Yusro, Ibnu, and Lena who share the good and bad during conducting
this paper.
11.
The Youngster team, who give the research valuable experience.
12.
All people who can not mentioned one by one. Thank you for helping to complete this
research paper.
viii
TABLE OF CONTENTENT
TITTLE PAGE................................................................................................................ i
APPROVAL SHEET ...................................................................................................... ii
ACCEPTANCE ............................................................................................................... iii
PRONOUNCEMENT ..................................................................................................... iv
MOTTOS ......................................................................................................................... v
DEDICATION................................................................................................................. vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .............................................................................................. vii
TABLE OF CONTENT.................................................................................................. ix
ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................... xii
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study ...................................................................................... 1
B. Problem Statement ................................................................................................ 6
C. Objective of the Study .......................................................................................... 6
D. Limitation of the Study ......................................................................................... 7
E. Benefit of the Study .............................................................................................. 7
F. Paper Organization................................................................................................ 7
CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW
A. Underlying Theory ................................................................................................ 8
1.
Sociology of Literature ............................................................................. 8
2.
Major Principle of Sociology of Literature ............................................. 9
a. Literary as the Social Document ........................................................ 9
b. Literary Works as the Reflection of Social Situation of the Writer ... 10
c. Literary Works as the Manifestation of the Historical Moment ........ 11
ix
3.
Theory of Science Fiction Novel .............................................................. 11
4.
Notion of Human Rights ........................................................................... 13
B. Previous Studies .................................................................................................... 21
C. Theoretical Application ........................................................................................ 23
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD
A. Type of the Study .................................................................................................. 24
B. Object of the Study ............................................................................................... 24
C. Type of the Data and the Data Source .................................................................. 24
D. Technique of the Data Collection ......................................................................... 25
E. Technique of Analyzing Data ............................................................................... 25
CHAPTER IV: HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE UNITED STATES IN THE
MIDDLE OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
A. Social Aspect ........................................................................................................ 26
B. Economic Aspect .................................................................................................. 29
C. Political Aspect .................................................................................................... 31
D. Scientific and Technological Aspect .................................................................... 34
E. Cultural Aspect .................................................................................................... 37
F. Religious Aspect .................................................................................................. 39
CHAPTER V: SOCIOLOGICAL ASPECT
A. Sociological Analysis............................................................................................ 41
1.
Social Aspect ........................................................................................... 41
2.
Economic Aspect ..................................................................................... 43
3.
Scientific and Technological Aspect ....................................................... 45
4.
Cultural Aspect ........................................................................................ 47
x
5.
Religious Aspect ...................................................................................... 48
B. Human Rights Analysis ....................................................................................... 49
1.
Rights to Life ........................................................................................... 50
2.
Rights to Equal Protection ....................................................................... 50
3.
Rights to Human Dignity ......................................................................... 52
4.
Rights of a Child ...................................................................................... 53
5.
Rights to Against Exploitation ................................................................. 55
6.
Rights to Work ......................................................................................... 56
7.
Rights to Education .................................................................................. 57
8.
Rights of Disabled Person ........................................................................ 58
C. Reasons of the Author .......................................................................................... 59
CHAPTER VI: CONCLUSION, SUGGESTION, AND PEDAGOGICAL
IMPLICATION
A. Conclusion ........................................................................................................... 61
B. Suggestion ............................................................................................................ 62
C. Pedagogical Implication ....................................................................................... 63
BIBLIOGRAPHY .......................................................................................................... 64
VIRTUAL REFERENCES ........................................................................................... 68
APPENDIX ..................................................................................................................... 69
xi
HUMAN RIGHTS REFLECTED IN FLOWERS FOR ALGERNON (1966) NOVEL BY
DANIEL KEYES: A SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH
Abstract
This study aims to find out the human rights and analyze the purpose of Daniel Keyes
toward Flowers for Algernon (1966) novel. The writer uses qualitative method. The writer
uses two data sources: primary and secondary. Primary data source is Flowers for Algernon
(1966) novel by Daniel Keyes. Secondary data source includes literature books, articles, and
website that are related to the novel and the author. Method of collecting data is descriptive.
Technique of analyzing data uses descriptive qualitative. Based on the sociological analysis,
the writer finds five aspects, including: social aspect, economic aspect, scientific and
technological aspect, cultural aspect, and religion aspect in the Flowers for Algernon (1966)
novel by Daniel Keyes. Daniel Keyes states that all of human beings have equal rights,
parents must realize their potential child, and as the member of society, we must change our
mindset toward disabilities.
Keywords: human rights, the author’s purpose, sociological approach
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap hak asasi manusia dan menganalisis
tujuan dari Daniel Keyes terhadap novel Flowers for Algernon (1966). Penulis menggunakan
metode kualitatif. Penulis menggunakan dua sumber data: primer dan sekunder. Sumber data
primer adalah novel Flowers for Algernon (1966) oleh Daniel Keyes. Sumber data sekunder
meliputi buku-buku sastra, artikel-artikel, dan website yang berhubungan dengan novel dan
penulis. Metode pengoleksian data adalah deskriptif. Teknik menganalisis data menggunakan
deskriptif kualitatif. Berdasarkan analisis sosiologi, penulis menemukan lima aspek, meliputi:
aspek sosial, aspek ekonomi, aspek ilmu dan teknologi, aspek kultural, dan aspek religi pada
novel Flowers for Algernon (1966) oleh Daniel Keyes. Penulis juga menyimpulkan tujuan
dari Daniel Keyes terhadap hak asasi manusia pada novel Flowers for Algernon (1966).
Daniel Keyes menyatakan bahwa semua manusia mempunyai persamaan hak-hak, orang tua
harus menyadari potensi anak mereka, dan sebagai anggota masyarakat kita harus mengubah
pola pikir terhadap disabilitas.
Kata kunci: hak asasi manusia, tujuan penulis, pendekatan sosiologi
xii
DANIEL KEYES: A SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
by:
DWI NANDA YULIAWAN
A320130053
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2017
MOTTO
‘’Success? I don’t know what that word means. I’m happy.
But success, that goes back to what in somebody’s eyes success means.
For me, success is inner peace. That’s good day for me.’’
(Denzel Washington)
‘’Passion is a treasure. Find it.
Then follow the passion and enjoy the truth of happiness.’’
(Nanda Yuliawan)
v
DEDICATION
This research paper is dedicated to:
My parents. Mrs. Sarsi Muhayani who always loves me, takes care of me, and gives me the best things in my
life. Mr. Sukimin who loves me by his own way.
My one and only big brother, Andiana Ferisetiawan who always supports and gives me efficacious motivation to
keep me on fire.
All of my marvelous English department friends.
I love you all because you’re awesome just like me.
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb
Alhamdulillahhirabbil’alamin. All praises belong to Allah SWT to his blessing given
to the researcher, so the researcher could complete his research paper entitled HUMAN
RIGHTS REFLECTED IN FLOWERS FOR ALGERNON (1966) NOVEL BY DANIEL
KEYES: A SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH. In conducting this research, the researcher
got so many helps from many people. The researcher would like to express his deepest
gratitude and appreciation to the people in the following list:
1.
Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M.Hum., the Dean of School of Teacher Training and
Education, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
2.
Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph.D., the Chief of Department English Education,
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
3.
Titis Setyabudi, S.S, M.Hum., as the consultant and also the first examiner who has
supported and encouraged the researcher to conduct this research by giving the best
advices and suggestions, so the researcher can broaden his knowledge about literature.
4.
Dr. Abdillah Nugroho, M.Hum., as the second consultant who has examined, given
correction, advice patiently, so the research paper can be finished.
5.
Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum, S.Pd., M.Ed., as the third consultant who has
examined, given correction, advice patiently. So, the research paper can be finished as
well.
6.
Drs. Maryadi, M.A., as Academic Advisor who always encourages the researcher and
gives his best advice and suggestions.
7.
All lectures of Department of English Education who have become such great
education and for giving uncountable knowledge to the researcher.
8.
EDSO who gives me the best experiences and opportunities.
9.
My friend of mine, Aziz, Hemix, Riza, Rifki, Rizal, Afel, Dara, Wenny, Putik, and all
members of Class B ‘’Kejora’’ who give me an awesome lesson during living and
lecturing in UMS.
vii
10.
My helpmates, Yusro, Ibnu, and Lena who share the good and bad during conducting
this paper.
11.
The Youngster team, who give the research valuable experience.
12.
All people who can not mentioned one by one. Thank you for helping to complete this
research paper.
viii
TABLE OF CONTENTENT
TITTLE PAGE................................................................................................................ i
APPROVAL SHEET ...................................................................................................... ii
ACCEPTANCE ............................................................................................................... iii
PRONOUNCEMENT ..................................................................................................... iv
MOTTOS ......................................................................................................................... v
DEDICATION................................................................................................................. vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .............................................................................................. vii
TABLE OF CONTENT.................................................................................................. ix
ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................... xii
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study ...................................................................................... 1
B. Problem Statement ................................................................................................ 6
C. Objective of the Study .......................................................................................... 6
D. Limitation of the Study ......................................................................................... 7
E. Benefit of the Study .............................................................................................. 7
F. Paper Organization................................................................................................ 7
CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW
A. Underlying Theory ................................................................................................ 8
1.
Sociology of Literature ............................................................................. 8
2.
Major Principle of Sociology of Literature ............................................. 9
a. Literary as the Social Document ........................................................ 9
b. Literary Works as the Reflection of Social Situation of the Writer ... 10
c. Literary Works as the Manifestation of the Historical Moment ........ 11
ix
3.
Theory of Science Fiction Novel .............................................................. 11
4.
Notion of Human Rights ........................................................................... 13
B. Previous Studies .................................................................................................... 21
C. Theoretical Application ........................................................................................ 23
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD
A. Type of the Study .................................................................................................. 24
B. Object of the Study ............................................................................................... 24
C. Type of the Data and the Data Source .................................................................. 24
D. Technique of the Data Collection ......................................................................... 25
E. Technique of Analyzing Data ............................................................................... 25
CHAPTER IV: HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE UNITED STATES IN THE
MIDDLE OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
A. Social Aspect ........................................................................................................ 26
B. Economic Aspect .................................................................................................. 29
C. Political Aspect .................................................................................................... 31
D. Scientific and Technological Aspect .................................................................... 34
E. Cultural Aspect .................................................................................................... 37
F. Religious Aspect .................................................................................................. 39
CHAPTER V: SOCIOLOGICAL ASPECT
A. Sociological Analysis............................................................................................ 41
1.
Social Aspect ........................................................................................... 41
2.
Economic Aspect ..................................................................................... 43
3.
Scientific and Technological Aspect ....................................................... 45
4.
Cultural Aspect ........................................................................................ 47
x
5.
Religious Aspect ...................................................................................... 48
B. Human Rights Analysis ....................................................................................... 49
1.
Rights to Life ........................................................................................... 50
2.
Rights to Equal Protection ....................................................................... 50
3.
Rights to Human Dignity ......................................................................... 52
4.
Rights of a Child ...................................................................................... 53
5.
Rights to Against Exploitation ................................................................. 55
6.
Rights to Work ......................................................................................... 56
7.
Rights to Education .................................................................................. 57
8.
Rights of Disabled Person ........................................................................ 58
C. Reasons of the Author .......................................................................................... 59
CHAPTER VI: CONCLUSION, SUGGESTION, AND PEDAGOGICAL
IMPLICATION
A. Conclusion ........................................................................................................... 61
B. Suggestion ............................................................................................................ 62
C. Pedagogical Implication ....................................................................................... 63
BIBLIOGRAPHY .......................................................................................................... 64
VIRTUAL REFERENCES ........................................................................................... 68
APPENDIX ..................................................................................................................... 69
xi
HUMAN RIGHTS REFLECTED IN FLOWERS FOR ALGERNON (1966) NOVEL BY
DANIEL KEYES: A SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH
Abstract
This study aims to find out the human rights and analyze the purpose of Daniel Keyes
toward Flowers for Algernon (1966) novel. The writer uses qualitative method. The writer
uses two data sources: primary and secondary. Primary data source is Flowers for Algernon
(1966) novel by Daniel Keyes. Secondary data source includes literature books, articles, and
website that are related to the novel and the author. Method of collecting data is descriptive.
Technique of analyzing data uses descriptive qualitative. Based on the sociological analysis,
the writer finds five aspects, including: social aspect, economic aspect, scientific and
technological aspect, cultural aspect, and religion aspect in the Flowers for Algernon (1966)
novel by Daniel Keyes. Daniel Keyes states that all of human beings have equal rights,
parents must realize their potential child, and as the member of society, we must change our
mindset toward disabilities.
Keywords: human rights, the author’s purpose, sociological approach
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap hak asasi manusia dan menganalisis
tujuan dari Daniel Keyes terhadap novel Flowers for Algernon (1966). Penulis menggunakan
metode kualitatif. Penulis menggunakan dua sumber data: primer dan sekunder. Sumber data
primer adalah novel Flowers for Algernon (1966) oleh Daniel Keyes. Sumber data sekunder
meliputi buku-buku sastra, artikel-artikel, dan website yang berhubungan dengan novel dan
penulis. Metode pengoleksian data adalah deskriptif. Teknik menganalisis data menggunakan
deskriptif kualitatif. Berdasarkan analisis sosiologi, penulis menemukan lima aspek, meliputi:
aspek sosial, aspek ekonomi, aspek ilmu dan teknologi, aspek kultural, dan aspek religi pada
novel Flowers for Algernon (1966) oleh Daniel Keyes. Penulis juga menyimpulkan tujuan
dari Daniel Keyes terhadap hak asasi manusia pada novel Flowers for Algernon (1966).
Daniel Keyes menyatakan bahwa semua manusia mempunyai persamaan hak-hak, orang tua
harus menyadari potensi anak mereka, dan sebagai anggota masyarakat kita harus mengubah
pola pikir terhadap disabilitas.
Kata kunci: hak asasi manusia, tujuan penulis, pendekatan sosiologi
xii