Institutional Repository | Satya Wacana Christian University: Sistem Otomatisasi Pengatur pH Pada Air Penampungan Kolam Renang
LAMPIRAN
$regfile = "m8535.dat"
$crystal = 4000000
Config Adc = Single , Prescaler = Auto , Reference = Avcc
Config Lcdpin = Pin , Rs = Portb.0 , E = Portb.1 , Db4 = Portb.2 , Db5 = Portb.3 ,
Db6 = Portb.4 , Db7 = Portb.5
Config Lcd = 20 * 4
Dim Suhulm35 As Word , Probepeha As Word , Suhu As Single , Lm35 As Byte
Dim Samples As Word , Maks As Word , Minm As Word , I As Byte , This_sample
As Word , Diff As Word
Dim Pehaakhir As Single , Pengali As Single , Nilaipeha As Byte , Cekph As Single
Dim Karakter1 As String * 6
Dim Karakter2 As String * 6
Dim Detik As Integer , Menit As Integer , Jam As Integer
Dim Hari As Integer , Bulan As Integer , Tahun As Integer
Dim Weekday As Byte
Const Ds1307w = &HD0
Const Ds1307r = &HD1
' Addresses of Ds1307 clock
Config Sda = Portc.1
Config Scl = Portc.0
Config Clock = User
Ddrd.4 = 1
Ddrd.5 = 1
Pompa_asam Alias Portd.4
Pompa_basa Alias Portd.5
Ddrc.2 = 0
Ddrc.3 = 0
Level_asam Alias Pinc.2
Level_basa Alias Pinc.3
Ddrc.4 = 1
Buzzer Alias Portc.4
Ddrc.5 = 1
Ddrc.6 = 1
Led_level_asam Alias Portc.5
Led_level_basa Alias Portc.6
Dim Tampung As Word , Liter As Byte , Limit_put As Word
Dim Tampung2 As Word , Liter2 As Byte , Limit_put2 As Word
Cls
Cursor Off
Cursor Noblink
'default 1 = OFF --> low active
Led_level_asam = 1
Led_level_basa = 0
'default 1 = OFF --> low active
Buzzer = 1
Config Int0 = Rising
Config Int1 = Rising
'Set up timer to track time
Config Timer1 = Timer , Prescale = 256
Stop Timer1
'Preload Timer Constant For 1 Second Duration At 4 Mhz for 256 prescale
Const Timer1pre = 49911
Timer1 = Timer1pre
'Handle time overflow (occurs every second)
On Timer1 Pulse
Start Timer0
Start Timer1
Enable Interrupts
Enable Timer0
Enable Timer1
Enable Int0
Enable Int1
On Int0 Hitung
On Int1 Hitung2
Led_level_asam = 1
Led_level_basa = 1
Buzzer = 1
Cls
Cursor Off
Cursor Noblink
Tampung = 0
Tampung2 = 0
Liter = 0
Limit_put = 0
Dim Cek_peha As String * 5
'_sec = 0
'_min = 50
'_hour = 17
'Gosub Clock_init
'Wait 1
'Gosub Settime
'_sec = 14
'_min = 59
'_hour = 7
'Gosub Clock_init
'Wait 1
'Gosub Settime
Const 1putaran = 150
Limit_put = 1000
' 1 --> pump OFF
Pompa_asam = 1
Pompa_basa = 1
Dim Mmenit As Byte
Mmenit = 0
Utama:
Do
Locate 1 , 1
Lcd "Monitoring pH System"
Gosub Lm35
Gosub Disply_seting
Deflcdchar 0 , 6 , 9 , 9 , 6 , 32 , 32 , 32 , 32
Locate 3 , 1
Lcd "LM35:" ; Lm35 ; Chr(0) ; "C " ; "| pH:" ; Karakter2 ; " "
'Lcd "Count:" ; Tampung ; " " ; "Nilai:" ; Liter ; " "
Gosub Cek_sensor_peha
Gosub Cek_level_liquid
'utk debug saja
Locate 2 , 16
Lcd Mmenit
Locate 4 , 1
'Lcd "pH Real:" ; Pehaakhir
If Mmenit = 2 Then
Mmenit = 0
Gosub Scan_pompa_asam
Cls
End If
If Detik = 0 Then
Wait 1
Incr Mmenit
End If
Waitms 200
Loop
'realnya detik diganti menit
End
Cek_level_liquid:
If Level_asam = 1 Or Level_basa = 1 Then
Buzzer = Not Buzzer
Waitms 500
Buzzer = 1
End If
If Level_asam = 1 Then
Led_level_asam = Not Led_level_asam
Waitms 100
Led_level_asam = 1
Else
Led_level_asam = 1
End If
If Level_basa = 1 Then
Led_level_basa = Not Led_level_basa
Waitms 100
Led_level_basa = 1
Else
Led_level_basa = 1
End If
Return
Scan_pompa_asam:
Cls
Waitms 100
If Pehaakhir >= 6.79 And Pehaakhir = 4565
Pompa_asam = 1
Tampung = 0
Goto Utama
End If
If Pehaakhir >= 6.59 And Pehaakhir = 5375
Pompa_asam = 1
Tampung = 0
Goto Utama
End If
If Pehaakhir >= 6.39 And Pehaakhir = 11000
Pompa_asam = 1
Tampung = 0
Goto Utama
End If
If Pehaakhir >= 6.19 And Pehaakhir = 12500
Pompa_asam = 1
Tampung = 0
Goto Utama
End If
'=============================================================
'basa
If Pehaakhir >= 7.5 And Pehaakhir = 2000
Pompa_basa = 1
Tampung2 = 0
Goto Utama
End If
If Pehaakhir >= 7.61 And Pehaakhir = 7.71 And Pehaakhir = 4000
Pompa_basa = 1
Tampung2 = 0
Goto Utama
End If
If Pehaakhir >= 7.81 And Pehaakhir = 4000
Pompa_basa = 1
Tampung2 = 0
Goto Utama
End If
If Pehaakhir >= 7.91 And Pehaakhir Maks Then
Maks = Probepeha
Elseif Probepeha < Minm Then
Minm = Probepeha
End If
Waitus 10
Next I
Pehaakhir = -0.029 * Maks
Pehaakhir = Pehaakhir + 21.1
'Pehaakhir = Pehaakhir
Nilaipeha = Pehaakhir
Karakter2 = Fusing(pehaakhir , "#.#")
Return
Disply_seting:
Gosub Getdatetime
Jam = _hour
Menit = _min
Detik = _sec
Locate 2 , 5
If Jam < 10 Then
Lcd "0" ; Jam ; ":" ;
Else
Lcd Jam ; ":" ;
End If
If Menit < 10 Then
Lcd "0" ; Menit ; ":" ;
' y = -0.03x + 22
Else
Lcd Menit ; ":" ;
End If
If Detik < 10 Then
Lcd "0" ; Detik
Else
Lcd Detik
End If
Return
Getdatetime:
I2cstart
I2cwbyte Ds1307w
I2cwbyte 0
I2cstart
I2cwbyte Ds1307r
I2crbyte _sec , Ack
I2crbyte _min , Ack
I2crbyte _hour , Ack
I2crbyte Weekday , Ack
I2crbyte _day , Ack
I2crbyte _month , Ack
I2crbyte _year , Nack
I2cstop
_sec = Makedec(_sec) : _min = Makedec(_min) : _hour = Makedec(_hour)
_month = Makedec(_month) : _day = Makedec(_day) : _year = Makedec(_year)
Return
Settime:
_sec = Makebcd(_sec) : _min = Makebcd(_min) : _hour = Makebcd(_hour)
I2cstart
I2cwbyte Ds1307w
I2cwbyte 0
I2cwbyte _sec
I2cwbyte _min
I2cwbyte _hour
I2cstop
Return
Setdate:
_day = Makebcd(_day) : _month = Makebcd(_month) : _year = Makebcd(_year)
I2cstart
I2cwbyte Ds1307w
I2cwbyte 4
I2cwbyte _day
I2cwbyte _month
I2cwbyte _year
I2cstop
Return
Clock_init:
I2cstart
I2cwbyte Ds1307w
I2cwbyte &H00
I2cwbyte &H00 And &B01111111
I2cstop
I2cstart
I2cwbyte Ds1307w
I2cwbyte &H07
I2cwbyte &B10010000
I2cstop
Return
BTA/BTB12 and T12 Series
®
12A TRIACS
SNUBBERLESS™, LOGIC LEVEL & STANDARD
MAIN FEATURES:
A2
Symbol
Value
Unit
IT(RMS)
12
A
VDRM/VRRM
600 and 800
V
IGT (Q1)
10 to 50
mA
G
A1
A2
A1
DESCRIPTION
Available either in through-hole or surface-mount
packages, the BTA/BTB12 and T12 triac series is
suitable for general purpose AC switching. They
can be used as an ON/OFF function in
applications such as static relays, heating
regulation, induction motor starting circuits... or for
phase control operation in light dimmers, motor
speed controllers,...
The snubberless versions (BTA/BTB...W and T12
series) are specially recommended for use on
inductive loads, thanks to their high commutation
performances. By using an internal ceramic pad,
the BTA series provides voltage insulated tab
(rated at 2500V RMS) complying with UL
standards (File ref.: E81734)
A2
G
D2PAK
(T12-G)
A2
A1
A2
G
A1
A2
G
TO-220AB Insulated
(BTA12)
TO-220AB
(BTB12)
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Symbol
IT(RMS)
ITSM
I ²t
dI/dt
Parameter
RMS on-state current (full sine wave)
Non repetitive surge peak on-state
current (full cycle, Tj initial = 25°C)
I²t Value for fusing
Critical rate of rise of on-state current
IG = 2 x IGT , tr ≤ 100 ns
VDSM/VRSM Non repetitive surge peak off-state
voltage
IGM
PG(AV)
Tstg
Tj
Peak gate current
Average gate power dissipation
Storage junction temperature range
Operating junction temperature range
September 2000 - Ed: 3
Value
Unit
12
A
A
D²PAK/TO-220AB
Tc = 105°C
TO-220AB Ins.
Tc = 90°C
F = 50 Hz
t = 20 ms
120
F = 60 Hz
t = 16.7 ms
126
tp = 10 ms
100
A² s
F = 120 Hz
Tj = 125°C
50
A/µs
tp = 10 ms
Tj = 25°C
VDRM/VRRM
V
tp = 20 µs
Tj = 125°C
4
A
Tj = 125°C
1
W
- 40 to + 150
- 40 to + 125
°C
+ 100
1/7
BTA/BTB12 and T12 Series
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Tj = 25°C, unless otherwise specified)
■
SNUBBERLESS™ and LOGIC LEVEL (3 Quadrants)
Symbol
IGT (1)
VGT
Test Conditions
Quadrant
RL = 30 Ω
VD = 12 V
VGD
VD = VDRM RL = 3.3 kΩ
Tj = 125°C
IH (2)
IT = 100 mA
IL
IG = 1.2 IGT
T12
SW
CW
BW
35
10
35
50
I - II - III
MAX.
I - II - III
MAX.
1.3
I - II - III
MIN.
0.2
I - III
(dI/dt)c (2)
■
Unit
T1235
mA
V
V
MAX.
35
15
35
50
mA
MAX.
50
25
50
70
mA
60
30
60
80
II
dV/dt (2)
BTA/BTB12
VD = 67 %VDRM gate open
Tj = 125°C
MIN.
500
40
500
1000
V/µs
(dV/dt)c = 0.1 V/µs
Tj = 125°C
MIN.
-
6.5
-
-
A/ms
(dV/dt)c = 10 V/µs
Tj = 125°C
-
2.9
-
-
Without snubber
Tj = 125°C
6.5
-
6.5
12
STANDARD (4 Quadrants)
Symbol
Test Conditions
IGT (1)
VD = 12 V
Quadrant
RL = 30 Ω
VD = VDRM RL = 3.3 kΩ Tj = 125°C
IH (2)
IT = 500 mA
IL
IG = 1.2 IGT
25
50
50
100
Unit
ALL
MAX.
1.3
V
ALL
MIN.
0.2
V
I - III - IV
VD = 67 %VDRM gate open Tj = 125°C
(dV/dt)c (2) (dI/dt)c = 5.3 A/ms
B
MAX.
Tj = 125°C
mA
MAX.
25
50
mA
MAX.
40
50
mA
80
100
MIN.
200
400
V/µs
MIN.
5
10
V/µs
II
dV/dt (2)
C
I - II - III
IV
VGT
VGD
BTA/BTB06
STATIC CHARACTERISTICS
Symbol
VT (2)
Test Conditions
ITM = 17 A
tp = 380 µs
Unit
MAX.
1.55
V
Vto (2)
Threshold voltage
Tj = 125°C
MAX.
0.85
V
Rd (2)
Dynamic resistance
Tj = 125°C
MAX.
35
mΩ
IDRM
VDRM = VRRM
Tj = 25°C
5
µA
1
mA
IRRM
Note 1: minimum IGT is guaranted at 5% of IGT max.
Note 2: for both polarities of A2 referenced to A1
2/7
Tj = 25°C
Value
Tj = 125°C
MAX.
BTA/BTB12 and T12 Series
THERMAL RESISTANCES
Symbol
Parameter
Rth(j-c)
Junction to case (AC)
Rth(j-a)
Junction to ambient
S=1
Value
Unit
D²PAK/TO-220AB
1.4
°C/W
TO-220AB Insulated
2.3
D²PAK
45
TO-220AB
TO-220AB Insulated
60
cm²
°C/W
S = Copper surface under tab
PRODUCT SELECTOR
Voltage (xxx)
Sensitivity
Type
Package
X
50 mA
Standard
TO-220AB
X
X
50 mA
Snubberless
TO-220AB
BTA/BTB12-xxxC
X
X
25 mA
Standard
TO-220AB
BTA/BTB12-xxxCW
X
X
35 mA
Snubberless
TO-220AB
BTA/BTB12-xxxSW
X
X
10 mA
Logic level
TO-220AB
T1235-xxxG
X
X
35 mA
Snubberless
D²PAK
Part Number
600 V
800 V
BTA/BTB12-xxxB
X
BTA/BTB12-xxxBW
BTB: non insulated TO-220AB package
ORDERING INFORMATION
BT A 12 -
600
BW
TRIAC
SERIES
INSULATION:
A: insulated
B: non insulated
VOLTAGE:
600: 600V
800: 800V
CURRENT: 12A
T 12 35
-
SENSITIVITY & TYPE
B: 50mA STANDARD
BW: 50mA SNUBBERLESS
C: 25mA STANDARD
CW: 35mA SNUBBERLESS
SW: 10mA LOGIC LEVEL
600 G
(-TR)
TRIAC
SERIES
PACKAGE:
G: D2PAK
CURRENT: 12A
VOLTAGE:
600: 600V
800: 800V
SENSITIVITY:
35: 35mA
PACKING MODE:
Blank: Tube
-TR: Tape & Reel
3/7
BTA/BTB12 and T12 Series
OTHER INFORMATION
Part Number
Marking
Weight
Base
quantity
Packing
mode
BTA/BTB12-xxxyz
BTA/BTB12-xxxyz
2.3 g
250
Bulk
T1235-xxxG
T1235xxxG
1.5 g
50
Tube
T1235-xxxG-TR
T1235xxxG
1.5 g
1000
Tape & reel
Note: xxx = voltage, yy = sensitivity, z = type
Fig. 1: Maximum power dissipation versus RMS
on-state current (full cycle).
Fig. 2-1: RMS on-state current versus case
temperature (full cycle).
P (W)
IT(RMS) (A)
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
IT(RMS)(A)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 11 12
Fig. 2-2: RMS on-state current versus ambient
temperature (printed circuit board FR4, copper
thickness: 35µm),full cycle.
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
BTB/T12
BTA
Tc(°C)
0
25
50
75
100
125
Fig. 3: Relative variation of thermal impedance
versus pulse duration.
K=[Zth/Rth]
IT(RMS) (A)
3.5
D2PAK
(S=1cm2)
3.0
1E+0
Zth(j-c)
2.5
2.0
1E-1
Zth(j-a)
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
4/7
Tamb(°C)
0
25
50
75
tp(s)
100
125
1E-2
1E-3
1E-2
1E-1
1E+0
1E+1
1E+2 5E+2
BTA/BTB12 and T12 Series
Fig. 4:
values).
On-state characteristics (maximum
Fig. 5: Surge peak on-state current versus
number of cycles.
ITM (A)
ITSM (A)
100
Tj max
10
Tj=25°C
Tj max.
Vto = 0.85 V
Rd = 35 mΩ
VTM(V)
1
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
Fig. 6: Non-repetitive surge peak on-state
current for a sinusoidal pulse with width
tp < 10ms, and corresponding value of I²t.
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
One cycle
Repetitive
Tc=90°C
Number of cycles
1
10
100
1000
Fig. 7: Relative variation of gate trigger current,
holding current and latching current versus
junction temperature (typical values).
IGT,IH,IL[Tj] / IGT,IH,IL [Tj=25°C]
ITSM (A), I²t (A²s)
Tj initial=25°C
dI/dt limitation:
50A/µs
1000
t=20ms
Non repetitive
Tj initial=25°C
2.5
2.0
IGT
ITSM
1.5
I²t
100
IH & IL
1.0
0.5
tp (ms)
10
0.01
Tj(°C)
0.10
1.00
10.00
Fig. 8: Relative variation of critical rate of
decrease of main current versus (dV/dt)c (typical
values).
0.0
-40
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Fig. 9: Relative variation of critical rate of
decrease of main current versus junction
temperature.
(dI/dt)c [Tj] / (dI/dt)c [Tj specified]
(dI/dt)c [(dV/dt)c] / Specified (dI/dt)c
6
2.8
2.4
SW
5
2.0
4
C
1.6
-20
B
3
1.2
BW/CW/T1235
2
0.8
0.4
0.0
0.1
1
(dV/dt)c (V/µs)
1.0
10.0
100.0
0
Tj (°C)
0
25
50
75
100
125
5/7
BTA/BTB12 and T12 Series
Fig. 10: D²PAK Thermal resistance junction to
ambient versus copper surface under tab (printed
circuit board FR4, copper thickness: 35 µm).
Rth(j-a) (°C/W)
80
D²PAK
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
S(cm²)
0
4
8
12
16
20
24
28
32
36
40
PACKAGE MECHANICAL DATA
D²PAK (Plastic)
DIMENSIONS
REF.
A
E
Min.
C2
L2
D
L
L3
A1
B2
R
C
B
G
A2
2.0 MIN.
FLAT ZONE
V2
FOOTPRINT DIMENSIONS (in millimeters)
D²PAK (Plastic)
16.90
10.30
5.08
1.30
3.70
8.90
6/7
Millimeters
A
A1
A2
B
B2
C
C2
D
E
G
L
L2
L3
R
V2
4.30
2.49
0.03
0.70
1.25
0.45
1.21
8.95
10.00
4.88
15.00
1.27
1.40
Typ.
4.60
2.69
0.23
0.93
1.40
0.40
0°
Max.
Inches
Min.
Typ.
Max.
0.169
0.181
0.098
0.106
0.001
0.009
0.027
0.037
0.048 0.055
0.60 0.017
0.024
1.36 0.047
0.054
9.35 0.352
0.368
10.28 0.393
0.405
5.28 0.192
0.208
15.85 0.590
0.624
1.40 0.050
0.055
1.75 0.055
0.069
0.016
8°
0°
8°
BTA/BTB12 and T12 Series
PACKAGE MECHANICAL DATA
TO-220AB / TO-220AB Ins.
DIMENSIONS
B
REF.
C
Millimeters
Inches
b2
Min.
L
F
I
A
l4
c2
a1
l3
l2
a2
b1
M
c1
e
A
a1
a2
B
b1
b2
C
c1
c2
e
F
I
I4
L
l2
l3
M
15.20
Typ.
Max.
Min.
15.90 0.598
Typ.
Max.
0.625
3.75
0.147
13.00
14.00 0.511
0.551
10.00
10.40 0.393
0.409
0.61
0.88 0.024
0.034
1.23
1.32 0.048
0.051
4.40
4.60 0.173
0.181
0.49
0.70 0.019
0.027
2.40
2.72 0.094
0.107
2.40
2.70 0.094
0.106
6.20
6.60 0.244
0.259
3.75
3.85 0.147
0.151
15.80 16.40 16.80 0.622 0.646 0.661
2.65
2.95 0.104
0.116
1.14
1.70 0.044
0.066
1.14
1.70 0.044
0.066
2.60
0.102
Information furnished is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, STMicroelectronics assumes no responsibility for the consequences
of use of such information nor for any infringement of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. No license is granted
by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of STMicroelectronics. Specifications mentioned in this publication are subject
to change without notice. This publication supersedes and replaces all information previously supplied. STMicroelectronics products are not
authorized for use as critical components in life support devices or systems without express written approval of STMicroelectronics.
© The ST logo is a registered trademark of STMicroelectronics
© 2000 STMicroelectronics - Printed in Italy - All Rights Reserved
STMicroelectronics GROUP OF COMPANIES
Australia - Brazil - China - Finland - France - Germany - Hong Kong - India - Italy - Japan - Malaysia - Malta - Morocco
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http://www.st.com
7/7
LM35/LM35A/LM35C/LM35CA/LM35D
Precision Centigrade Temperature Sensors
General Description
The LM35 series are precision integrated-circuit temperature sensors, whose output voltage is linearly proportional to
the Celsius (Centigrade) temperature. The LM35 thus has
an advantage over linear temperature sensors calibrated in §
Kelvin, as the user is not required to subtract a large constant voltage from its output to obtain convenient Centigrade scaling. The LM35 does not require any external calibration or trimming to provide typical accuracies of g (/4§ C
at room temperature and g */4§ C over a full b55 to a 150§ C
temperature range. Low cost is assured by trimming and
calibration at the wafer level. The LM35’s low output impedance, linear output, and precise inherent calibration make
interfacing to readout or control circuitry especially easy. It
can be used with single power supplies, or with plus and
minus supplies. As it draws only 60 mA from its supply, it has
very low self-heating, less than 0.1§ C in still air. The LM35 is
rated to operate over a b55§ to a 150§ C temperature
range, while the LM35C is rated for a b40§ to a 110§ C
range (b10§ with improved accuracy). The LM35 series is
available packaged in hermetic TO-46 transistor packages,
while the LM35C, LM35CA, and LM35D are also available in
the plastic TO-92 transistor package. The LM35D is also
available in an 8-lead surface mount small outline package
and a plastic TO-202 package.
Features
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Calibrated directly in § Celsius (Centigrade)
Linear a 10.0 mV/§ C scale factor
0.5§ C accuracy guaranteeable (at a 25§ C)
Rated for full b55§ to a 150§ C range
Suitable for remote applications
Low cost due to wafer-level trimming
Operates from 4 to 30 volts
Less than 60 mA current drain
Low self-heating, 0.08§ C in still air
Nonlinearity only g (/4§ C typical
Low impedance output, 0.1 X for 1 mA load
Connection Diagrams
TO-92
Plastic Package
TO-46
Metal Can Package*
SO-8
Small Outline Molded Package
TL/H/5516 – 2
TL/H/5516 – 1
*Case is connected to negative pin (GND)
Order Number LM35H, LM35AH,
LM35CH, LM35CAH or LM35DH
See NS Package Number H03H
TO-202
Plastic Package
TL/H/5516 – 21
Order Number LM35CZ,
LM35CAZ or LM35DZ
See NS Package Number Z03A
Top View
N.C. e No Connection
Order Number LM35DM
See NS Package Number M08A
Typical Applications
TL/H/5516 – 3
FIGURE 1. Basic Centigrade
Temperature
Sensor ( a 2§ C to a 150§ C)
TL/H/5516 – 4
Choose R1 e b VS/50 mA
VOUT e a 1,500 mV at a 150§ C
e a 250 mV at a 25§ C
TL/H/5516 – 24
Order Number LM35DP
See NS Package Number P03A
eb 550 mV at b 55§ C
FIGURE 2. Full-Range Centigrade
Temperature Sensor
TRI-STATEÉ is a registered trademark of National Semiconductor Corporation.
C1995 National Semiconductor Corporation
TL/H/5516
RRD-B30M75/Printed in U. S. A.
LM35/LM35A/LM35C/LM35CA/LM35D
Precision Centigrade Temperature Sensors
December 1994
Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 10)
If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required,
please contact the National Semiconductor Sales
Office/Distributors for availability and specifications.
a 35V to b 0.2V
Supply Voltage
SO Package (Note 12):
Vapor Phase (60 seconds)
215§ C
Infrared (15 seconds)
220§ C
ESD Susceptibility (Note 11)
2500V
Specified Operating Temperature Range: TMIN to TMAX
(Note 2)
b 55§ C to a 150§ C
LM35, LM35A
b 40§ C to a 110§ C
LM35C, LM35CA
LM35D
0§ C to a 100§ C
a 6V to b 1.0V
Output Voltage
Output Current
10 mA
b 60§ C to a 180§ C
Storage Temp., TO-46 Package,
b 60§ C to a 150§ C
TO-92 Package,
b 65§ C to a 150§ C
SO-8 Package,
b 65§ C to a 150§ C
TO-202 Package,
Lead Temp.:
TO-46 Package, (Soldering, 10 seconds)
300§ C
TO-92 Package, (Soldering, 10 seconds)
260§ C
a 230§ C
TO-202 Package, (Soldering, 10 seconds)
Electrical Characteristics (Note 1) (Note 6)
LM35A
Parameter
Accuracy
(Note 7)
Conditions
TA e a 25§ C
TA eb10§ C
TA e TMAX
TA e TMIN
Typical
Tested
Limit
(Note 4)
g 0.2
g 0.5
g 0.2
g 0.5
Design
Limit
(Note 5)
Units
(Max.)
g 0.4
g 1.0
g 0.4
g 0.4
g 1.0
g 0.4
g 1.5
g 0.15
g 0.3
§C
a 10.0
a 9.9,
a 10.1
mV/§ C
g 0.18
Sensor Gain
(Average Slope)
TMINsTAsTMAX
a 10.0
a 9.9,
a 10.1
Load Regulation
(Note 3) 0sILs1 mA
TA e a 25§ C
TMINsTAsTMAX
g 0.4
g 1.0
g 0.5
Line Regulation
(Note 3)
TA e a 25§ C
4VsVSs30V
g 0.02
Quiescent Current
(Note 9)
VS e a 5V, a 25§ C
VS e a 5V
VS e a 30V, a 25§ C
VS e a 30V
56
105
56.2
105.5
Temperature
Coefficient of
Quiescent Current
Tested
Limit
(Note 4)
g 0.3
TMINsTAsTMAX
4VsVSs30V, a 25§ C
4VsVSs30V
Typical
§C
§C
§C
§C
g 0.3
Nonlinearity
(Note 8)
Change of
Quiescent Current
(Note 3)
LM35CA
Design
Limit
(Note 5)
g 0.01
g 0.35
g 0.4
g 3.0
g 0.5
g 0.1
g 0.02
g 0.05
g 0.01
133
56
91
56.2
91.5
2.0
0.2
0.5
a 0.39
a 0.5
a 2.0
0.2
0.5
Minimum Temperature
for Rated Accuracy
In circuit of
Figure 1 , IL e 0
a 1.5
Long Term Stability
TJ e TMAX, for
1000 hours
g 0.08
67
131
68
1.0
g 1.0
g 1.0
g 1.0
g 3.0
mV/mA
mV/mA
g 0.1
mV/V
mV/V
g 0.05
67
116
mA
mA
mA
mA
2.0
mA
mA
a 0.39
a 0.5
mA/§ C
a 1.5
a 2.0
§C
g 0.08
114
68
1.0
§C
Note 1: Unless otherwise noted, these specifications apply: b 55§ C s TJ s a 150§ C for the LM35 and LM35A; b 40§ s TJ s a 110§ C for the LM35C and LM35CA; and
0§ s TJ s a 100§ C for the LM35D. VS e a 5Vdc and ILOAD e 50 mA, in the circuit of Figure 2. These specifications also apply from a 2§ C to TMAX in the circuit of
Figure 1 . Specifications in boldface apply over the full rated temperature range.
Note 2: Thermal resistance of the TO-46 package is 400§ C/W, junction to ambient, and 24§ C/W junction to case. Thermal resistance of the TO-92 package is
180§ C/W junction to ambient. Thermal resistance of the small outline molded package is 220§ C/W junction to ambient. Thermal resistance of the TO-202 package
is 85§ C/W junction to ambient. For additional thermal resistance information see table in the Applications section.
2
Electrical Characteristics (Note 1) (Note 6)
(Continued)
LM35
Parameter
Accuracy,
LM35, LM35C
(Note 7)
Conditions
TA e a 25§ C
TA eb10§ C
TA e TMAX
TA e TMIN
Typical
Tested
Limit
(Note 4)
g 0.4
g 1.0
g 0.5
g 0.8
g 1.5
g 0.8
g 1.5
TA e a 25§ C
TA e TMAX
TA e TMIN
Nonlinearity
(Note 8)
TMINsTAsTMAX
g 0.3
Sensor Gain
(Average Slope)
TMINsTAsTMAX
a 10.0
a 9.8,
a 10.2
Load Regulation
(Note 3) 0sILs1 mA
TA e a 25§ C
TMINsTAsTMAX
g 0.4
g 2.0
g 0.5
Line Regulation
(Note 3)
TA e a 25§ C
4VsVSs30V
g 0.02
Quiescent Current
(Note 9)
VS e a 5V, a 25§ C
VS e a 5V
VS e a 30V, a 25§ C
VS e a 30V
56
105
56.2
105.5
4VsVSs30V, a 25§ C
4VsVSs30V
Temperature
Coefficient of
Quiescent Current
Typical
Tested
Limit
(Note 4)
g 0.4
g 1.0
g 0.5
Accuracy,
LM35D
(Note 7)
Change of
Quiescent Current
(Note 3)
LM35C, LM35D
Design
Limit
(Note 5)
g 1.5
g 0.8
g 1.5
g 0.8
g 2.0
g 0.6
g 1.5
g 0.01
g 0.9
g 2.0
g 0.5
§C
a 10.0
a 9.8,
a 10.2
mV/§ C
g 0.4
g 0.5
g 0.2
g 0.02
g 0.01
161
56
91
56.2
91.5
3.0
0.2
0.5
a 0.39
a 0.7
a 2.0
0.2
0.5
Minimum Temperature
for Rated Accuracy
In circuit of
Figure 1 , IL e 0
a 1.5
Long Term Stability
TJ e TMAX, for
1000 hours
g 0.08
80
158
82
2.0
§C
§C
§C
§C
g 0.2
g 5.0
g 0.1
Units
(Max.)
§C
§C
§C
g 0.9
g 0.5
Design
Limit
(Note 5)
g 2.0
g 2.0
g 5.0
mV/mA
mV/mA
g 0.2
mV/V
mV/V
g 0.1
80
141
mA
mA
mA
mA
3.0
mA
mA
a 0.39
a 0.7
mA/§ C
a 1.5
a 2.0
§C
g 0.08
138
82
2.0
§C
Note 3: Regulation is measured at constant junction temperature, using pulse testing with a low duty cycle. Changes in output due to heating effects can be
computed by multiplying the internal dissipation by the thermal resistance.
Note 4: Tested Limits are guaranteed and 100% tested in production.
Note 5: Design Limits are guaranteed (but not 100% production tested) over the indicated temperature and supply voltage ranges. These limits are not used to
calculate outgoing quality levels.
Note 6: Specifications in boldface apply over the full rated temperature range.
Note 7: Accuracy is defined as the error between the output voltage and 10mv/§ C times the device’s case temperature, at specified conditions of voltage, current,
and temperature (expressed in § C).
Note 8: Nonlinearity is defined as the deviation of the output-voltage-versus-temperature curve from the best-fit straight line, over the device’s rated temperature
range.
Note 9: Quiescent current is defined in the circuit of Figure 1 .
Note 10: Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. DC and AC electrical specifications do not apply when
operating the device beyond its rated operating conditions. See Note 1.
Note 11: Human body model, 100 pF discharged through a 1.5 kX resistor.
Note 12: See AN-450 ‘‘Surface Mounting Methods and Their Effect on Product Reliability’’ or the section titled ‘‘Surface Mount’’ found in a current National
Semiconductor Linear Data Book for other methods of soldering surface mount devices.
3
Typical Performance Characteristics
Thermal Resistance
Junction to Air
Thermal Time Constant
Thermal Response
in Still Air
Thermal Response in
Stirred Oil Bath
Minimum Supply
Voltage vs. Temperature
Quiescent Current
vs. Temperature
(In Circuit of Figure 1 .)
TL/H/5516 – 17
Quiescent Current
vs. Temperature
(In Circuit of Figure 2 .)
Accuracy vs. Temperature
(Guaranteed)
Accuracy vs. Temperature
(Guaranteed)
TL/H/5516 – 18
Noise Voltage
Start-Up Response
TL/H/5516 – 22
4
Applications
The TO-46 metal package can also be soldered to a metal
surface or pipe without damage. Of course, in that case the
Vb terminal of the circuit will be grounded to that metal.
Alternatively, the LM35 can be mounted inside a sealed-end
metal tube, and can then be dipped into a bath or screwed
into a threaded hole in a tank. As with any IC, the LM35 and
accompanying wiring and circuits must be kept insulated
and dry, to avoid leakage and corrosion. This is especially
true if the circuit may operate at cold temperatures where
condensation can occur. Printed-circuit coatings and varnishes such as Humiseal and epoxy paints or dips are often
used to insure that moisture cannot corrode the LM35 or its
connections.
These devices are sometimes soldered to a small lightweight heat fin, to decrease the thermal time constant and
speed up the response in slowly-moving air. On the other
hand, a small thermal mass may be added to the sensor, to
give the steadiest reading despite small deviations in the air
temperature.
The LM35 can be applied easily in the same way as other
integrated-circuit temperature sensors. It can be glued or
cemented to a surface and its temperature will be within
about 0.01§ C of the surface temperature.
This presumes that the ambient air temperature is almost
the same as the surface temperature; if the air temperature
were much higher or lower than the surface temperature,
the actual temperature of the LM35 die would be at an intermediate temperature between the surface temperature and
the air temperature. This is expecially true for the TO-92
plastic package, where the copper leads are the principal
thermal path to carry heat into the device, so its temperature might be closer to the air temperature than to the surface temperature.
To minimize this problem, be sure that the wiring to the
LM35, as it leaves the device, is held at the same temperature as the surface of interest. The easiest way to do this is
to cover up these wires with a bead of epoxy which will
insure that the leads and wires are all at the same temperature as the surface, and that the LM35 die’s temperature will
not be affected by the air temperature.
Temperature Rise of LM35 Due To Self-heating (Thermal Resistance)
Still air
Moving air
Still oil
Stirred oil
(Clamped to metal,
Infinite heat sink)
TO-46,
TO-46,
TO-92,
TO-92,
SO-8
SO-8
TO-202
TO-202 ***
no heat sink small heat fin* no heat sink small heat fin** no heat sink small heat fin** no heat sink small heat fin
100§ C/W
180§ C/W
140§ C/W
220§ C/W
110§ C/W
85§ C/W
60§ C/W
400§ C/W
40§ C/W
90§ C/W
70§ C/W
105§ C/W
90§ C/W
25§ C/W
40§ C/W
100§ C/W
40§ C/W
90§ C/W
70§ C/W
100§ C/W
30§ C/W
45§ C/W
40§ C/W
50§ C/W
(24§ C/W)
(55§ C/W)
(23§ C/W)
* Wakefield type 201, or 1× disc of 0.020× sheet brass, soldered to case, or similar.
** TO-92 and SO-8 packages glued and leads soldered to 1× square of (/16× printed circuit board with 2 oz. foil or similar.
Typical Applications (Continued)
TL/H/5516 – 19
FIGURE 3. LM35 with Decoupling from Capacitive Load
TL/H/5516 – 20
FIGURE 4. LM35 with R-C Damper
capacitance because the capacitance forms a bypass from
ground to input, not on the output. However, as with any
linear circuit connected to wires in a hostile environment, its
performance can be affected adversely by intense electromagnetic sources such as relays, radio transmitters, motors
with arcing brushes, SCR transients, etc, as its wiring can
act as a receiving antenna and its internal junctions can act
as rectifiers. For best results in such cases, a bypass capacitor from VIN to ground and a series R-C damper such as
75X in series with 0.2 or 1 mF from output to ground are
often useful. These are shown in Figures 13, 14, and 16.
CAPACITIVE LOADS
Like most micropower circuits, the LM35 has a limited ability
to drive heavy capacitive loads. The LM35 by itself is able to
drive 50 pf without special precautions. If heavier loads are
anticipated, it is easy to isolate or decouple the load with a
resistor; see Figure 3 . Or you can improve the tolerance of
capacitance with a series R-C damper from output to
ground; see Figure 4 .
When the LM35 is applied with a 200X load resistor as
shown in Figure 5, 6, or 8, it is relatively immune to wiring
5
Typical Applications (Continued)
TL/H/5516 – 6
FIGURE 6. Two-Wire Remote Temperature Sensor
(Output Referred to Ground)
TL/H/5516 – 5
FIGURE 5. Two-Wire Remote Temperature Sensor
(Grounded Sensor)
TL/H/5516 – 7
FIGURE 7. Temperature Sensor, Single Supply, b55§ to
a 150§ C
TL/H/5516 – 8
FIGURE 8. Two-Wire Remote Temperature Sensor
(Output Referred to Ground)
TL/H/5516 – 9
FIGURE 9. 4-To-20 mA Current Source (0§ C to a 100§ C)
TL/H/5516 – 10
FIGURE 10. Fahrenheit Thermometer
6
Typical Applications (Continued)
TL/H/5516 – 11
FIGURE 11. Centigrade Thermometer (Analog Meter)
TL/H/5516 – 12
FIGURE 12. Expanded Scale Thermometer
(50§ to 80§ Fahrenheit, for Example Shown)
TL/H/5516 – 13
FIGURE 13. Temperature To Digital Converter (Serial Output) ( a 128§ C Full Scale)
TL/H/5516 – 14
FIGURE 14. Temperature To Digital Converter (Parallel TRI-STATEÉ Outputs for
Standard Data Bus to mP Interface) (128§ C Full Scale)
7
Typical Applications (Continued)
TL/H/5516 – 16
* e 1% or 2% film resistor
-Trim RB for VB e 3.075V
-Trim RC for VC e 1.955V
-Trim RA for VA e 0.075V a 100mV/§ C c Tambient
-Example, VA e 2.275V at 22§ C
FIGURE 15. Bar-Graph Temperature Display (Dot Mode)
TL/H/5516 – 15
FIGURE 16. LM35 With Voltage-To-Frequency Converter And Isolated Output
(2§ C to a 150§ C; 20 Hz to 1500 Hz)
8
Block Diagram
TL/H/5516 – 23
9
Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters)
TO-46 Metal Can Package (H)
Order Number LM35H, LM35AH, LM35CH,
LM35CAH, or LM35DH
NS Package Number H03H
SO-8 Molded Small Outline Package (M)
Order Number LM35DM
NS Package Number M08A
10
Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) (Continued)
Power Package TO-202 (P)
Order Number LM35DP
NS Package Number P03A
11
LM35/LM35A/LM35C/LM35CA/LM35D
Precision Centigrade Temperature Sensors
Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) (Continued)
TO-92 Plastic Package (Z)
Order Number LM35CZ, LM35CAZ or LM35DZ
NS Package Number Z03A
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NATIONAL’S PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT
DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE PRESIDENT OF NATIONAL
SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION. As used herein:
1. Life support devices or systems are devices or
systems which, (a) are intended for surgical implant
into the body, or (b) support or sustain life, and whose
failure to perform, when properly used in accordance
with instructions for use provided in the labeling, can
be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury
to the user.
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Corporation
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Tel: (043) 299-2300
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2. A critical component is any component of a life
support device or system whose failure to perform can
be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life
support device or system, or to affect its safety or
effectiveness.
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National does not assume any responsibility for use of any circuitry described, no circuit patent licenses are implied and National reserves the right at any time without notice to change said circuitry and specifications.
µA7800 SERIES
POSITIVE-VOLTAGE REGULATORS
SLVS056J – MAY 1976 – REVISED MAY 2003
D
D
D
3-Terminal Regulators
Output Current up to 1.5 A
Internal Thermal-Overload Protection
D
D
D
High Power-Dissipation Capability
Internal Short-Circuit Current Limiting
Output Transistor Safe-Area Compensation
COMMON
KC (TO-220) PACKAGE
(TOP VIEW)
KTE PACKAGE
(TOP VIEW)
COMMON
OUTPUT
COMMON
INPUT
COMMON
KCS (TO-220) PACKAGE
(TOP VIEW)
OUTPUT
COMMON
INPUT
OUTPUT
COMMON
INPUT
description/ordering information
This series of fixed-voltage integrated-circuit voltage regulators is designed for a wide range of applications.
These applications include on-card regulation for elimination of noise and distribution problems associated with
single-point regulation. Each of these regulators can deliver up to 1.5 A of output current. The internal
current-limiting and thermal-shutdown features of these regulators essentially make them immune to overload.
In addition to use as fixed-voltage regulators, these devices can be used with external components to obtain
adjustable output voltages and currents, and also can be used as the power-pass element in precision
regulators.
ORDERING INFORMATION
TJ
VO(NOM)
(V)
5
8
10
0°C to 125°C
12
15
24
ORDERABLE
PART NUMBER
PACKAGE†
TOP-SIDE
MARKING
POWER-FLEX (KTE)
Reel of 2000
µA7805CKTER
µA7805C
TO-220 (KC)
Tube of 50
µA7805CKC
TO-220, short shoulder (KCS)
Tube of 20
µA7805CKCS
POWER-FLEX (KTE)
Reel of 2000
µA7808CKTER
TO-220 (KC)
Tube of 50
µA7808CKC
TO-220, short shoulder (KCS)
Tube of 20
µA7808CKCS
POWER-FLEX (KTE)
Reel of 2000
µA7810CKTER
µA7810C
TO-220 (KC)
Tube of 50
µA7810CKC
µA7810C
POWER-FLEX (KTE)
Reel of 2000
µA7812CKTER
µA7812C
TO-220 (KC)
Tube of 50
µA7812CKC
TO-220, short shoulder (KCS)
Tube of 20
µA7812CKCS
POWER-FLEX (KTE)
Reel of 2000
µA7815CKTER
TO-220 (KC)
Tube of 50
µA7815CKC
TO-220, short shoulder (KCS)
Tube of 20
µA7815CKCS
POWER-FLEX (KTE)
Reel of 2000
µA7824CKTER
µA7805C
µA7808C
µA7808C
µA7812C
µA7815C
µA7815C
µA7824C
µA7824C
† Package drawings, standard packing quantities, thermal data, symbolization, and PCB design guidelines are available at
www.ti.com/sc/package.
TO-220 (KC)
Tube of 50
µA7824CKC
Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of
Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet.
Copyright 2003, Texas Instruments Incorporated
PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date.
Products conform to specifications per the terms of Texas Instruments
standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include
testing of all parameters.
POST OFFICE BOX 655303
• DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
1
µA7800 SERIES
POSITIVE-VOLTAGE REGULATORS
SLVS056J – MAY 1976 – REVISED MAY 2003
schematic
INPUT
OUTPUT
COMMON
absolute maximum ratings over virtual junction temperature range (unless otherwise noted)†
Input voltage, VI: µA7824C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 V
All others . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 V
Operating virtual junction temperature, TJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150°C
Lead temperature 1,6 mm (1/16 inch) from case for 10 seconds
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260°C
Storage temperature range, Tstg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –65°C to 150°C
† Stresses beyond those listed under “absolute maximum ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and
functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under “recommended operating conditions” is not
implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
package thermal data (see Note 1)
POWER-FLEX (KTE)
High K, JESD 51-5
θJC
3°C/W
TO-220 (KC/KCS)
High K, JESD 51-5
3°C/W
PACKAGE
BOARD
θJA
23°C/W
19°C/W
NOTE 1: Maximum power dissipation is a function of TJ(max), θJA, and TA. The maximum allowable power dissipation at any allowable ambient
temperature is PD = (TJ(max) – TA)/θJA. Operating at the absolute maximum TJ of 150°C can affect reliability.
2
POST OFFICE BOX 655303
• DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
µA7800 SERIES
POSITIVE-VOLTAGE REGULATORS
SLVS056J – MAY 1976 – REVISED MAY 2003
recommended operating conditions
VI
IO
TJ
Input voltage
MIN
MAX
µA7805C
7
25
µA7808C
10.5
25
µA7810C
12.5
28
µA7812C
14.5
30
µA7815C
17.5
30
µA7824C
27
38
1.5
A
0
125
°C
Output current
µA7800C series
Operating virtual junction temperature
UNIT
V
electrical characteristics at specified virtual junction temperature, VI = 10 V, IO = 500 mA (unless
otherwise noted)
PARAMETER
Output voltage
IO = 5 mA to 1 A,,
PD ≤ 15 W
Input voltage regulation
VI = 7 V to 25 V
VI = 8 V to 12 V
Ripple rejection
Output voltage regulation
Output resistance
Temperature coefficient of output voltage
TJ†
TEST CONDITIONS
VI = 8 V to 18 V,
IO = 5 mA to 1.5 A
IO = 5 mA
f = 10 Hz to 100 kHz
Dropout voltage
IO = 1 A
TYP
25°C
4.8
5
0°C to 125°C
4.75
VI = 7 V to 20 V,,
25°C
f = 120 Hz
IO = 250 mA to 750 mA
f = 1 kHz
Output noise voltage
0°C to 125°C
25°C
VI = 7 V to 25 V
IO = 5 mA to 1 A
62
MAX
5.2
5.25
3
100
1
50
78
UNIT
V
mV
dB
15
100
5
50
mV
0°C to 125°C
0.017
Ω
0°C to 125°C
–1.1
mV/°C
Bias current
Bias current change
µA7805C
MIN
25°C
40
µV
25°C
2
V
25°C
4.2
8
1.3
0°C to
t 125°C
0.5
Short-circuit output current
25°C
750
Peak output current
25°C
2.2
mA
mA
mA
A
† Pulse-testing techniques maintain the junction temperature as close to the ambient temperature as possible. Thermal effects must be taken into
account separately. All characteristics are measured with a 0.33-µF capacitor across the input and a 0.1-µF capacitor across the output.
POST OFFICE BOX 655303
• DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
3
µA7800 SERIES
POSITIVE-VOLTAGE REGULATORS
SLVS056J – MAY 1976 – REVISED MAY 2003
electrical characteristics at specified virtual junction temperature, VI = 14 V, IO = 500 mA (unless
otherwise noted)
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
Output voltage
IO = 5 mA to 1 A,,
PD ≤ 15 W
Input voltage regulation
VI = 10.5 V to 25 V
VI = 11 V to 17 V
Ripple rejection
Output voltage regulation
Output resistance
Temperature coefficient of output voltage
VI = 11.5 V to 21.5 V,
IO = 5 mA to 1.5 A
VI = 10.5 V to 23 V,,
Output noise voltage
Dropout voltage
IO = 1 A
f = 120 Hz
TYP
MAX
25°C
7.7
8
8.3
0°C to 125°C
7.6
0°C to 125°C
55
25°C
Bias current
Bias current change
MIN
25°C
IO = 250 mA to 750 mA
f = 1 kHz
IO = 5 mA
f = 10 Hz to 100 kHz
µA7808C
TJ†
VI = 10.5 V to 25 V
IO = 5 mA to 1 A
8.4
6
160
2
80
72
UNIT
V
mV
dB
12
160
4
80
mV
0°C to 125°C
0.016
Ω
0°C to 125°C
–0.8
mV/°C
25°C
52
µV
25°C
2
V
25°C
4.3
8
1
0°C to 125°C
0.5
Short-circuit output current
25°C
450
Peak output current
25°C
2.2
mA
mA
mA
A
† Pulse-testing techniques maintain the junction temperature as close to the ambient temperature as possible. Thermal effects must be taken into
account separately. All characteristics are measured with a 0.33-µF capacitor across the input and a 0.1-µF capacitor across the output.
electrical characteristics at specified virtual junction temperature, VI = 17 V, IO = 500 mA (unless
otherwise noted)
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
Output voltage
IO = 5 mA to 1 A,,
PD ≤ 15 W
Input voltage regulation
VI = 12.5 V to 28 V
VI = 14 V to 20 V
Ripple rejection
Output voltage regulation
Output resistance
Temperature coefficient of output voltage
VI = 13 V to 23 V,
IO = 5 mA to 1.5 A
VI = 12.5 V to 25 V,,
IO = 5 mA
f = 10 Hz to 100 kHz
Dropout voltage
IO = 1 A
f = 120 Hz
TYP
MAX
25°C
9.6
10
10.4
0°C to 125°C
9.5
10
10.5
7
200
2
100
0°C to 125°C
25°C
Bias current
Bias current change
MIN
25°C
IO = 250 mA to 750 mA
f = 1 kHz
Output noise voltage
µA7810C
TJ†
VI = 12.5 V to 28 V
IO = 5 mA to 1 A
55
71
UNIT
V
mV
dB
12
200
4
100
mV
Ω
0°C to 125°C
0.018
0°C to 125°C
–1
mV/°C
25°C
70
µV
25°C
2
V
25°C
4.3
8
1
0°C to 125°C
0.5
Short-circuit output current
25°C
400
Peak output current
25°C
2.2
mA
mA
mA
A
† Pulse-testing techniques maintain the junction temperature as close to the ambient temperature as possible. Thermal effects must be taken into
account separately. All characteristics are measured with a 0.33-µF capacitor across the input and a 0.1-µF capacitor across the output.
4
POST OFFICE BOX 655303
• DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
µA7800 SERIES
POSITIVE-VOLTAGE REGULATORS
SLVS056J – MAY 1976 – REVISED MAY 2003
electrical characteristics at specified virtual junction temperature, VI = 19 V, IO = 500 mA (unless
otherwise noted)
PARAMETER
Output voltage
IO = 5 mA to 1 A,,
PD ≤ 15 W
Input voltage regulation
VI = 14.5 V to 30 V
VI = 16 V to 22 V
Ripple rejection
Output voltage regulation
Output resistance
Temperature coefficient of output voltage
VI = 15 V to 25 V,
IO = 5 mA to 1.5 A
MIN
TYP
MAX
25°C
11.5
12
12.5
0°C to 125°C
11.4
VI = 14.5 V to 27 V,,
25°C
f = 120 Hz
Output noise voltage
Dropout voltage
IO = 1 A
0°C to 125°C
VI = 14.5 V to 30 V
IO = 5 mA to 1 A
12.6
10
240
3
120
71
UNIT
V
mV
dB
12
240
4
120
mV
Ω
0°C to 125°C
0.018
0°C to 125°C
–1
mV/°C
25°C
75
µV
25°C
2
V
25°C
4.3
Bias current
Bias current change
55
25°C
IO = 250 mA to 750 mA
f = 1 kHz
IO = 5 mA
f = 10 Hz to 100 kHz
µA7812C
TJ†
TEST CONDITIONS
8
1
0°C to
t 125°C
0.5
Short-circuit output current
25°C
350
Peak output current
25°C
2.2
mA
mA
mA
A
† Pulse-testing techniques maintain the junction temperature as close to the ambient temperature as possible. Thermal effects must be taken into
account separately. All characteristics are measured with a 0.33-µF capacitor across the input and a 0.1-µF capacitor across the output.
electrical characteristics at specified virtual junction temperature, VI = 23 V, IO = 500 mA (unless
otherwise noted)
PARAMETER
Output voltage
IO = 5 mA to 1 A,,
PD ≤ 15 W
Input voltage regulation
VI = 17.5 V to 30 V
VI = 20 V to 26 V
Ripple rejection
Output voltage regulation
Output resistance
Temperature coefficient of output voltage
TJ†
TEST CONDITIONS
VI = 18.5 V to 28.5 V,
IO = 5 mA to 1.5 A
IO = 5 mA
f = 10 Hz to 100 kHz
Dropout voltage
IO = 1 A
TYP
25°C
14.4
15
0°C to 125°C
14.25
VI = 17.5 V to 30 V,,
25°C
f = 120 Hz
IO = 250 mA to 750 mA
f = 1 kHz
Output noise voltage
0°C to 125°C
25°C
VI = 17.5 V to 30 V
IO = 5 mA to 1 A
54
MAX
15.6
15.75
11
300
3
150
70
UNIT
V
mV
dB
12
300
4
150
mV
Ω
0°C to 125°C
0.019
0°C to 125°C
–1
mV/°C
25°C
90
µV
25°C
2
V
25°C
4.4
Bias current
Bias current change
µA7815C
MIN
8
1
0°C to 125°C
0.5
Short-circuit output current
25°C
230
Peak output current
25°C
2.1
mA
mA
mA
A
† Pulse-testing techniques maintain the junction temperature as close to the ambient temperature as possible. Thermal effects must be taken into
account separately. All characteristics are measured with a 0.33-µF capacitor across the input and a 0.1-µF capacitor across the output.
POST OFFICE BOX 655303
• DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
5
µA7800 SERIES
POSITIVE-VOLTAGE REGULATORS
SLVS056J – MAY 1976 – REVISED MAY 2003
electrical characteristics at specified virtual junction temperature, VI = 33 V, IO = 500 mA (unless
otherwise noted)
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
Output voltage
IO = 5 mA to 1 A,,
PD ≤ 15 W
Input voltage regulation
VI = 27 V to 38 V
VI = 30 V to 36 V
Ripple rejection
Output voltage regulation
Output resistance
Temperature coefficient of output voltage
VI = 28 V to 38 V,
IO = 5 mA to 1.5 A
VI = 27 V to 38 V,,
Output noise voltage
Dropout voltage
IO = 1 A
µA7824C
MIN
TYP
23
24
22.8
25°C
f = 120 Hz
0°C to 125°C
25°C
Bias current
Bias current change
25°C
0°C to 125°C
IO = 250 mA to 750 mA
f = 1 kHz
IO = 5 mA
f = 10 Hz to 100 kHz
TJ†
VI = 27 V to 38 V
IO = 5 mA to 1 A
50
MAX
25
25.2
18
480
6
240
66
UNIT
V
mV
dB
12
480
4
240
mV
0°C to 125°C
0.028
Ω
0°C to 125°C
–1.5
mV/°C
25°C
170
µV
25°C
2
V
25°C
4.6
8
1
0°C to 125°C
0.5
Short-circuit output current
25°C
150
Peak output current
25°C
2.1
mA
mA
mA
A
† Pulse-testing techniques maintain the junction temperature as close to the ambient temperature as possible. Thermal effects must be taken into
account separately. All characteristics are measured with a 0.33-µF capacitor across the input and a 0.1-µF capacitor across the output.
6
POST OFFICE BOX 655303
• DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
µA7800 SERIES
POSITIVE-VOLTAGE REGULATORS
SLVS056J – MAY 1976 – REVISED MAY 2003
APPLICATION INFORMATION
µA78xx
+V
+VO
0.33 µF
0.1 µF
Figure 1. Fixed-Out
$regfile = "m8535.dat"
$crystal = 4000000
Config Adc = Single , Prescaler = Auto , Reference = Avcc
Config Lcdpin = Pin , Rs = Portb.0 , E = Portb.1 , Db4 = Portb.2 , Db5 = Portb.3 ,
Db6 = Portb.4 , Db7 = Portb.5
Config Lcd = 20 * 4
Dim Suhulm35 As Word , Probepeha As Word , Suhu As Single , Lm35 As Byte
Dim Samples As Word , Maks As Word , Minm As Word , I As Byte , This_sample
As Word , Diff As Word
Dim Pehaakhir As Single , Pengali As Single , Nilaipeha As Byte , Cekph As Single
Dim Karakter1 As String * 6
Dim Karakter2 As String * 6
Dim Detik As Integer , Menit As Integer , Jam As Integer
Dim Hari As Integer , Bulan As Integer , Tahun As Integer
Dim Weekday As Byte
Const Ds1307w = &HD0
Const Ds1307r = &HD1
' Addresses of Ds1307 clock
Config Sda = Portc.1
Config Scl = Portc.0
Config Clock = User
Ddrd.4 = 1
Ddrd.5 = 1
Pompa_asam Alias Portd.4
Pompa_basa Alias Portd.5
Ddrc.2 = 0
Ddrc.3 = 0
Level_asam Alias Pinc.2
Level_basa Alias Pinc.3
Ddrc.4 = 1
Buzzer Alias Portc.4
Ddrc.5 = 1
Ddrc.6 = 1
Led_level_asam Alias Portc.5
Led_level_basa Alias Portc.6
Dim Tampung As Word , Liter As Byte , Limit_put As Word
Dim Tampung2 As Word , Liter2 As Byte , Limit_put2 As Word
Cls
Cursor Off
Cursor Noblink
'default 1 = OFF --> low active
Led_level_asam = 1
Led_level_basa = 0
'default 1 = OFF --> low active
Buzzer = 1
Config Int0 = Rising
Config Int1 = Rising
'Set up timer to track time
Config Timer1 = Timer , Prescale = 256
Stop Timer1
'Preload Timer Constant For 1 Second Duration At 4 Mhz for 256 prescale
Const Timer1pre = 49911
Timer1 = Timer1pre
'Handle time overflow (occurs every second)
On Timer1 Pulse
Start Timer0
Start Timer1
Enable Interrupts
Enable Timer0
Enable Timer1
Enable Int0
Enable Int1
On Int0 Hitung
On Int1 Hitung2
Led_level_asam = 1
Led_level_basa = 1
Buzzer = 1
Cls
Cursor Off
Cursor Noblink
Tampung = 0
Tampung2 = 0
Liter = 0
Limit_put = 0
Dim Cek_peha As String * 5
'_sec = 0
'_min = 50
'_hour = 17
'Gosub Clock_init
'Wait 1
'Gosub Settime
'_sec = 14
'_min = 59
'_hour = 7
'Gosub Clock_init
'Wait 1
'Gosub Settime
Const 1putaran = 150
Limit_put = 1000
' 1 --> pump OFF
Pompa_asam = 1
Pompa_basa = 1
Dim Mmenit As Byte
Mmenit = 0
Utama:
Do
Locate 1 , 1
Lcd "Monitoring pH System"
Gosub Lm35
Gosub Disply_seting
Deflcdchar 0 , 6 , 9 , 9 , 6 , 32 , 32 , 32 , 32
Locate 3 , 1
Lcd "LM35:" ; Lm35 ; Chr(0) ; "C " ; "| pH:" ; Karakter2 ; " "
'Lcd "Count:" ; Tampung ; " " ; "Nilai:" ; Liter ; " "
Gosub Cek_sensor_peha
Gosub Cek_level_liquid
'utk debug saja
Locate 2 , 16
Lcd Mmenit
Locate 4 , 1
'Lcd "pH Real:" ; Pehaakhir
If Mmenit = 2 Then
Mmenit = 0
Gosub Scan_pompa_asam
Cls
End If
If Detik = 0 Then
Wait 1
Incr Mmenit
End If
Waitms 200
Loop
'realnya detik diganti menit
End
Cek_level_liquid:
If Level_asam = 1 Or Level_basa = 1 Then
Buzzer = Not Buzzer
Waitms 500
Buzzer = 1
End If
If Level_asam = 1 Then
Led_level_asam = Not Led_level_asam
Waitms 100
Led_level_asam = 1
Else
Led_level_asam = 1
End If
If Level_basa = 1 Then
Led_level_basa = Not Led_level_basa
Waitms 100
Led_level_basa = 1
Else
Led_level_basa = 1
End If
Return
Scan_pompa_asam:
Cls
Waitms 100
If Pehaakhir >= 6.79 And Pehaakhir = 4565
Pompa_asam = 1
Tampung = 0
Goto Utama
End If
If Pehaakhir >= 6.59 And Pehaakhir = 5375
Pompa_asam = 1
Tampung = 0
Goto Utama
End If
If Pehaakhir >= 6.39 And Pehaakhir = 11000
Pompa_asam = 1
Tampung = 0
Goto Utama
End If
If Pehaakhir >= 6.19 And Pehaakhir = 12500
Pompa_asam = 1
Tampung = 0
Goto Utama
End If
'=============================================================
'basa
If Pehaakhir >= 7.5 And Pehaakhir = 2000
Pompa_basa = 1
Tampung2 = 0
Goto Utama
End If
If Pehaakhir >= 7.61 And Pehaakhir = 7.71 And Pehaakhir = 4000
Pompa_basa = 1
Tampung2 = 0
Goto Utama
End If
If Pehaakhir >= 7.81 And Pehaakhir = 4000
Pompa_basa = 1
Tampung2 = 0
Goto Utama
End If
If Pehaakhir >= 7.91 And Pehaakhir Maks Then
Maks = Probepeha
Elseif Probepeha < Minm Then
Minm = Probepeha
End If
Waitus 10
Next I
Pehaakhir = -0.029 * Maks
Pehaakhir = Pehaakhir + 21.1
'Pehaakhir = Pehaakhir
Nilaipeha = Pehaakhir
Karakter2 = Fusing(pehaakhir , "#.#")
Return
Disply_seting:
Gosub Getdatetime
Jam = _hour
Menit = _min
Detik = _sec
Locate 2 , 5
If Jam < 10 Then
Lcd "0" ; Jam ; ":" ;
Else
Lcd Jam ; ":" ;
End If
If Menit < 10 Then
Lcd "0" ; Menit ; ":" ;
' y = -0.03x + 22
Else
Lcd Menit ; ":" ;
End If
If Detik < 10 Then
Lcd "0" ; Detik
Else
Lcd Detik
End If
Return
Getdatetime:
I2cstart
I2cwbyte Ds1307w
I2cwbyte 0
I2cstart
I2cwbyte Ds1307r
I2crbyte _sec , Ack
I2crbyte _min , Ack
I2crbyte _hour , Ack
I2crbyte Weekday , Ack
I2crbyte _day , Ack
I2crbyte _month , Ack
I2crbyte _year , Nack
I2cstop
_sec = Makedec(_sec) : _min = Makedec(_min) : _hour = Makedec(_hour)
_month = Makedec(_month) : _day = Makedec(_day) : _year = Makedec(_year)
Return
Settime:
_sec = Makebcd(_sec) : _min = Makebcd(_min) : _hour = Makebcd(_hour)
I2cstart
I2cwbyte Ds1307w
I2cwbyte 0
I2cwbyte _sec
I2cwbyte _min
I2cwbyte _hour
I2cstop
Return
Setdate:
_day = Makebcd(_day) : _month = Makebcd(_month) : _year = Makebcd(_year)
I2cstart
I2cwbyte Ds1307w
I2cwbyte 4
I2cwbyte _day
I2cwbyte _month
I2cwbyte _year
I2cstop
Return
Clock_init:
I2cstart
I2cwbyte Ds1307w
I2cwbyte &H00
I2cwbyte &H00 And &B01111111
I2cstop
I2cstart
I2cwbyte Ds1307w
I2cwbyte &H07
I2cwbyte &B10010000
I2cstop
Return
BTA/BTB12 and T12 Series
®
12A TRIACS
SNUBBERLESS™, LOGIC LEVEL & STANDARD
MAIN FEATURES:
A2
Symbol
Value
Unit
IT(RMS)
12
A
VDRM/VRRM
600 and 800
V
IGT (Q1)
10 to 50
mA
G
A1
A2
A1
DESCRIPTION
Available either in through-hole or surface-mount
packages, the BTA/BTB12 and T12 triac series is
suitable for general purpose AC switching. They
can be used as an ON/OFF function in
applications such as static relays, heating
regulation, induction motor starting circuits... or for
phase control operation in light dimmers, motor
speed controllers,...
The snubberless versions (BTA/BTB...W and T12
series) are specially recommended for use on
inductive loads, thanks to their high commutation
performances. By using an internal ceramic pad,
the BTA series provides voltage insulated tab
(rated at 2500V RMS) complying with UL
standards (File ref.: E81734)
A2
G
D2PAK
(T12-G)
A2
A1
A2
G
A1
A2
G
TO-220AB Insulated
(BTA12)
TO-220AB
(BTB12)
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Symbol
IT(RMS)
ITSM
I ²t
dI/dt
Parameter
RMS on-state current (full sine wave)
Non repetitive surge peak on-state
current (full cycle, Tj initial = 25°C)
I²t Value for fusing
Critical rate of rise of on-state current
IG = 2 x IGT , tr ≤ 100 ns
VDSM/VRSM Non repetitive surge peak off-state
voltage
IGM
PG(AV)
Tstg
Tj
Peak gate current
Average gate power dissipation
Storage junction temperature range
Operating junction temperature range
September 2000 - Ed: 3
Value
Unit
12
A
A
D²PAK/TO-220AB
Tc = 105°C
TO-220AB Ins.
Tc = 90°C
F = 50 Hz
t = 20 ms
120
F = 60 Hz
t = 16.7 ms
126
tp = 10 ms
100
A² s
F = 120 Hz
Tj = 125°C
50
A/µs
tp = 10 ms
Tj = 25°C
VDRM/VRRM
V
tp = 20 µs
Tj = 125°C
4
A
Tj = 125°C
1
W
- 40 to + 150
- 40 to + 125
°C
+ 100
1/7
BTA/BTB12 and T12 Series
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Tj = 25°C, unless otherwise specified)
■
SNUBBERLESS™ and LOGIC LEVEL (3 Quadrants)
Symbol
IGT (1)
VGT
Test Conditions
Quadrant
RL = 30 Ω
VD = 12 V
VGD
VD = VDRM RL = 3.3 kΩ
Tj = 125°C
IH (2)
IT = 100 mA
IL
IG = 1.2 IGT
T12
SW
CW
BW
35
10
35
50
I - II - III
MAX.
I - II - III
MAX.
1.3
I - II - III
MIN.
0.2
I - III
(dI/dt)c (2)
■
Unit
T1235
mA
V
V
MAX.
35
15
35
50
mA
MAX.
50
25
50
70
mA
60
30
60
80
II
dV/dt (2)
BTA/BTB12
VD = 67 %VDRM gate open
Tj = 125°C
MIN.
500
40
500
1000
V/µs
(dV/dt)c = 0.1 V/µs
Tj = 125°C
MIN.
-
6.5
-
-
A/ms
(dV/dt)c = 10 V/µs
Tj = 125°C
-
2.9
-
-
Without snubber
Tj = 125°C
6.5
-
6.5
12
STANDARD (4 Quadrants)
Symbol
Test Conditions
IGT (1)
VD = 12 V
Quadrant
RL = 30 Ω
VD = VDRM RL = 3.3 kΩ Tj = 125°C
IH (2)
IT = 500 mA
IL
IG = 1.2 IGT
25
50
50
100
Unit
ALL
MAX.
1.3
V
ALL
MIN.
0.2
V
I - III - IV
VD = 67 %VDRM gate open Tj = 125°C
(dV/dt)c (2) (dI/dt)c = 5.3 A/ms
B
MAX.
Tj = 125°C
mA
MAX.
25
50
mA
MAX.
40
50
mA
80
100
MIN.
200
400
V/µs
MIN.
5
10
V/µs
II
dV/dt (2)
C
I - II - III
IV
VGT
VGD
BTA/BTB06
STATIC CHARACTERISTICS
Symbol
VT (2)
Test Conditions
ITM = 17 A
tp = 380 µs
Unit
MAX.
1.55
V
Vto (2)
Threshold voltage
Tj = 125°C
MAX.
0.85
V
Rd (2)
Dynamic resistance
Tj = 125°C
MAX.
35
mΩ
IDRM
VDRM = VRRM
Tj = 25°C
5
µA
1
mA
IRRM
Note 1: minimum IGT is guaranted at 5% of IGT max.
Note 2: for both polarities of A2 referenced to A1
2/7
Tj = 25°C
Value
Tj = 125°C
MAX.
BTA/BTB12 and T12 Series
THERMAL RESISTANCES
Symbol
Parameter
Rth(j-c)
Junction to case (AC)
Rth(j-a)
Junction to ambient
S=1
Value
Unit
D²PAK/TO-220AB
1.4
°C/W
TO-220AB Insulated
2.3
D²PAK
45
TO-220AB
TO-220AB Insulated
60
cm²
°C/W
S = Copper surface under tab
PRODUCT SELECTOR
Voltage (xxx)
Sensitivity
Type
Package
X
50 mA
Standard
TO-220AB
X
X
50 mA
Snubberless
TO-220AB
BTA/BTB12-xxxC
X
X
25 mA
Standard
TO-220AB
BTA/BTB12-xxxCW
X
X
35 mA
Snubberless
TO-220AB
BTA/BTB12-xxxSW
X
X
10 mA
Logic level
TO-220AB
T1235-xxxG
X
X
35 mA
Snubberless
D²PAK
Part Number
600 V
800 V
BTA/BTB12-xxxB
X
BTA/BTB12-xxxBW
BTB: non insulated TO-220AB package
ORDERING INFORMATION
BT A 12 -
600
BW
TRIAC
SERIES
INSULATION:
A: insulated
B: non insulated
VOLTAGE:
600: 600V
800: 800V
CURRENT: 12A
T 12 35
-
SENSITIVITY & TYPE
B: 50mA STANDARD
BW: 50mA SNUBBERLESS
C: 25mA STANDARD
CW: 35mA SNUBBERLESS
SW: 10mA LOGIC LEVEL
600 G
(-TR)
TRIAC
SERIES
PACKAGE:
G: D2PAK
CURRENT: 12A
VOLTAGE:
600: 600V
800: 800V
SENSITIVITY:
35: 35mA
PACKING MODE:
Blank: Tube
-TR: Tape & Reel
3/7
BTA/BTB12 and T12 Series
OTHER INFORMATION
Part Number
Marking
Weight
Base
quantity
Packing
mode
BTA/BTB12-xxxyz
BTA/BTB12-xxxyz
2.3 g
250
Bulk
T1235-xxxG
T1235xxxG
1.5 g
50
Tube
T1235-xxxG-TR
T1235xxxG
1.5 g
1000
Tape & reel
Note: xxx = voltage, yy = sensitivity, z = type
Fig. 1: Maximum power dissipation versus RMS
on-state current (full cycle).
Fig. 2-1: RMS on-state current versus case
temperature (full cycle).
P (W)
IT(RMS) (A)
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
IT(RMS)(A)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 11 12
Fig. 2-2: RMS on-state current versus ambient
temperature (printed circuit board FR4, copper
thickness: 35µm),full cycle.
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
BTB/T12
BTA
Tc(°C)
0
25
50
75
100
125
Fig. 3: Relative variation of thermal impedance
versus pulse duration.
K=[Zth/Rth]
IT(RMS) (A)
3.5
D2PAK
(S=1cm2)
3.0
1E+0
Zth(j-c)
2.5
2.0
1E-1
Zth(j-a)
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
4/7
Tamb(°C)
0
25
50
75
tp(s)
100
125
1E-2
1E-3
1E-2
1E-1
1E+0
1E+1
1E+2 5E+2
BTA/BTB12 and T12 Series
Fig. 4:
values).
On-state characteristics (maximum
Fig. 5: Surge peak on-state current versus
number of cycles.
ITM (A)
ITSM (A)
100
Tj max
10
Tj=25°C
Tj max.
Vto = 0.85 V
Rd = 35 mΩ
VTM(V)
1
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
Fig. 6: Non-repetitive surge peak on-state
current for a sinusoidal pulse with width
tp < 10ms, and corresponding value of I²t.
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
One cycle
Repetitive
Tc=90°C
Number of cycles
1
10
100
1000
Fig. 7: Relative variation of gate trigger current,
holding current and latching current versus
junction temperature (typical values).
IGT,IH,IL[Tj] / IGT,IH,IL [Tj=25°C]
ITSM (A), I²t (A²s)
Tj initial=25°C
dI/dt limitation:
50A/µs
1000
t=20ms
Non repetitive
Tj initial=25°C
2.5
2.0
IGT
ITSM
1.5
I²t
100
IH & IL
1.0
0.5
tp (ms)
10
0.01
Tj(°C)
0.10
1.00
10.00
Fig. 8: Relative variation of critical rate of
decrease of main current versus (dV/dt)c (typical
values).
0.0
-40
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Fig. 9: Relative variation of critical rate of
decrease of main current versus junction
temperature.
(dI/dt)c [Tj] / (dI/dt)c [Tj specified]
(dI/dt)c [(dV/dt)c] / Specified (dI/dt)c
6
2.8
2.4
SW
5
2.0
4
C
1.6
-20
B
3
1.2
BW/CW/T1235
2
0.8
0.4
0.0
0.1
1
(dV/dt)c (V/µs)
1.0
10.0
100.0
0
Tj (°C)
0
25
50
75
100
125
5/7
BTA/BTB12 and T12 Series
Fig. 10: D²PAK Thermal resistance junction to
ambient versus copper surface under tab (printed
circuit board FR4, copper thickness: 35 µm).
Rth(j-a) (°C/W)
80
D²PAK
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
S(cm²)
0
4
8
12
16
20
24
28
32
36
40
PACKAGE MECHANICAL DATA
D²PAK (Plastic)
DIMENSIONS
REF.
A
E
Min.
C2
L2
D
L
L3
A1
B2
R
C
B
G
A2
2.0 MIN.
FLAT ZONE
V2
FOOTPRINT DIMENSIONS (in millimeters)
D²PAK (Plastic)
16.90
10.30
5.08
1.30
3.70
8.90
6/7
Millimeters
A
A1
A2
B
B2
C
C2
D
E
G
L
L2
L3
R
V2
4.30
2.49
0.03
0.70
1.25
0.45
1.21
8.95
10.00
4.88
15.00
1.27
1.40
Typ.
4.60
2.69
0.23
0.93
1.40
0.40
0°
Max.
Inches
Min.
Typ.
Max.
0.169
0.181
0.098
0.106
0.001
0.009
0.027
0.037
0.048 0.055
0.60 0.017
0.024
1.36 0.047
0.054
9.35 0.352
0.368
10.28 0.393
0.405
5.28 0.192
0.208
15.85 0.590
0.624
1.40 0.050
0.055
1.75 0.055
0.069
0.016
8°
0°
8°
BTA/BTB12 and T12 Series
PACKAGE MECHANICAL DATA
TO-220AB / TO-220AB Ins.
DIMENSIONS
B
REF.
C
Millimeters
Inches
b2
Min.
L
F
I
A
l4
c2
a1
l3
l2
a2
b1
M
c1
e
A
a1
a2
B
b1
b2
C
c1
c2
e
F
I
I4
L
l2
l3
M
15.20
Typ.
Max.
Min.
15.90 0.598
Typ.
Max.
0.625
3.75
0.147
13.00
14.00 0.511
0.551
10.00
10.40 0.393
0.409
0.61
0.88 0.024
0.034
1.23
1.32 0.048
0.051
4.40
4.60 0.173
0.181
0.49
0.70 0.019
0.027
2.40
2.72 0.094
0.107
2.40
2.70 0.094
0.106
6.20
6.60 0.244
0.259
3.75
3.85 0.147
0.151
15.80 16.40 16.80 0.622 0.646 0.661
2.65
2.95 0.104
0.116
1.14
1.70 0.044
0.066
1.14
1.70 0.044
0.066
2.60
0.102
Information furnished is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, STMicroelectronics assumes no responsibility for the consequences
of use of such information nor for any infringement of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. No license is granted
by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of STMicroelectronics. Specifications mentioned in this publication are subject
to change without notice. This publication supersedes and replaces all information previously supplied. STMicroelectronics products are not
authorized for use as critical components in life support devices or systems without express written approval of STMicroelectronics.
© The ST logo is a registered trademark of STMicroelectronics
© 2000 STMicroelectronics - Printed in Italy - All Rights Reserved
STMicroelectronics GROUP OF COMPANIES
Australia - Brazil - China - Finland - France - Germany - Hong Kong - India - Italy - Japan - Malaysia - Malta - Morocco
Singapore - Spain - Sweden - Switzerland - United Kingdom
http://www.st.com
7/7
LM35/LM35A/LM35C/LM35CA/LM35D
Precision Centigrade Temperature Sensors
General Description
The LM35 series are precision integrated-circuit temperature sensors, whose output voltage is linearly proportional to
the Celsius (Centigrade) temperature. The LM35 thus has
an advantage over linear temperature sensors calibrated in §
Kelvin, as the user is not required to subtract a large constant voltage from its output to obtain convenient Centigrade scaling. The LM35 does not require any external calibration or trimming to provide typical accuracies of g (/4§ C
at room temperature and g */4§ C over a full b55 to a 150§ C
temperature range. Low cost is assured by trimming and
calibration at the wafer level. The LM35’s low output impedance, linear output, and precise inherent calibration make
interfacing to readout or control circuitry especially easy. It
can be used with single power supplies, or with plus and
minus supplies. As it draws only 60 mA from its supply, it has
very low self-heating, less than 0.1§ C in still air. The LM35 is
rated to operate over a b55§ to a 150§ C temperature
range, while the LM35C is rated for a b40§ to a 110§ C
range (b10§ with improved accuracy). The LM35 series is
available packaged in hermetic TO-46 transistor packages,
while the LM35C, LM35CA, and LM35D are also available in
the plastic TO-92 transistor package. The LM35D is also
available in an 8-lead surface mount small outline package
and a plastic TO-202 package.
Features
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Calibrated directly in § Celsius (Centigrade)
Linear a 10.0 mV/§ C scale factor
0.5§ C accuracy guaranteeable (at a 25§ C)
Rated for full b55§ to a 150§ C range
Suitable for remote applications
Low cost due to wafer-level trimming
Operates from 4 to 30 volts
Less than 60 mA current drain
Low self-heating, 0.08§ C in still air
Nonlinearity only g (/4§ C typical
Low impedance output, 0.1 X for 1 mA load
Connection Diagrams
TO-92
Plastic Package
TO-46
Metal Can Package*
SO-8
Small Outline Molded Package
TL/H/5516 – 2
TL/H/5516 – 1
*Case is connected to negative pin (GND)
Order Number LM35H, LM35AH,
LM35CH, LM35CAH or LM35DH
See NS Package Number H03H
TO-202
Plastic Package
TL/H/5516 – 21
Order Number LM35CZ,
LM35CAZ or LM35DZ
See NS Package Number Z03A
Top View
N.C. e No Connection
Order Number LM35DM
See NS Package Number M08A
Typical Applications
TL/H/5516 – 3
FIGURE 1. Basic Centigrade
Temperature
Sensor ( a 2§ C to a 150§ C)
TL/H/5516 – 4
Choose R1 e b VS/50 mA
VOUT e a 1,500 mV at a 150§ C
e a 250 mV at a 25§ C
TL/H/5516 – 24
Order Number LM35DP
See NS Package Number P03A
eb 550 mV at b 55§ C
FIGURE 2. Full-Range Centigrade
Temperature Sensor
TRI-STATEÉ is a registered trademark of National Semiconductor Corporation.
C1995 National Semiconductor Corporation
TL/H/5516
RRD-B30M75/Printed in U. S. A.
LM35/LM35A/LM35C/LM35CA/LM35D
Precision Centigrade Temperature Sensors
December 1994
Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 10)
If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required,
please contact the National Semiconductor Sales
Office/Distributors for availability and specifications.
a 35V to b 0.2V
Supply Voltage
SO Package (Note 12):
Vapor Phase (60 seconds)
215§ C
Infrared (15 seconds)
220§ C
ESD Susceptibility (Note 11)
2500V
Specified Operating Temperature Range: TMIN to TMAX
(Note 2)
b 55§ C to a 150§ C
LM35, LM35A
b 40§ C to a 110§ C
LM35C, LM35CA
LM35D
0§ C to a 100§ C
a 6V to b 1.0V
Output Voltage
Output Current
10 mA
b 60§ C to a 180§ C
Storage Temp., TO-46 Package,
b 60§ C to a 150§ C
TO-92 Package,
b 65§ C to a 150§ C
SO-8 Package,
b 65§ C to a 150§ C
TO-202 Package,
Lead Temp.:
TO-46 Package, (Soldering, 10 seconds)
300§ C
TO-92 Package, (Soldering, 10 seconds)
260§ C
a 230§ C
TO-202 Package, (Soldering, 10 seconds)
Electrical Characteristics (Note 1) (Note 6)
LM35A
Parameter
Accuracy
(Note 7)
Conditions
TA e a 25§ C
TA eb10§ C
TA e TMAX
TA e TMIN
Typical
Tested
Limit
(Note 4)
g 0.2
g 0.5
g 0.2
g 0.5
Design
Limit
(Note 5)
Units
(Max.)
g 0.4
g 1.0
g 0.4
g 0.4
g 1.0
g 0.4
g 1.5
g 0.15
g 0.3
§C
a 10.0
a 9.9,
a 10.1
mV/§ C
g 0.18
Sensor Gain
(Average Slope)
TMINsTAsTMAX
a 10.0
a 9.9,
a 10.1
Load Regulation
(Note 3) 0sILs1 mA
TA e a 25§ C
TMINsTAsTMAX
g 0.4
g 1.0
g 0.5
Line Regulation
(Note 3)
TA e a 25§ C
4VsVSs30V
g 0.02
Quiescent Current
(Note 9)
VS e a 5V, a 25§ C
VS e a 5V
VS e a 30V, a 25§ C
VS e a 30V
56
105
56.2
105.5
Temperature
Coefficient of
Quiescent Current
Tested
Limit
(Note 4)
g 0.3
TMINsTAsTMAX
4VsVSs30V, a 25§ C
4VsVSs30V
Typical
§C
§C
§C
§C
g 0.3
Nonlinearity
(Note 8)
Change of
Quiescent Current
(Note 3)
LM35CA
Design
Limit
(Note 5)
g 0.01
g 0.35
g 0.4
g 3.0
g 0.5
g 0.1
g 0.02
g 0.05
g 0.01
133
56
91
56.2
91.5
2.0
0.2
0.5
a 0.39
a 0.5
a 2.0
0.2
0.5
Minimum Temperature
for Rated Accuracy
In circuit of
Figure 1 , IL e 0
a 1.5
Long Term Stability
TJ e TMAX, for
1000 hours
g 0.08
67
131
68
1.0
g 1.0
g 1.0
g 1.0
g 3.0
mV/mA
mV/mA
g 0.1
mV/V
mV/V
g 0.05
67
116
mA
mA
mA
mA
2.0
mA
mA
a 0.39
a 0.5
mA/§ C
a 1.5
a 2.0
§C
g 0.08
114
68
1.0
§C
Note 1: Unless otherwise noted, these specifications apply: b 55§ C s TJ s a 150§ C for the LM35 and LM35A; b 40§ s TJ s a 110§ C for the LM35C and LM35CA; and
0§ s TJ s a 100§ C for the LM35D. VS e a 5Vdc and ILOAD e 50 mA, in the circuit of Figure 2. These specifications also apply from a 2§ C to TMAX in the circuit of
Figure 1 . Specifications in boldface apply over the full rated temperature range.
Note 2: Thermal resistance of the TO-46 package is 400§ C/W, junction to ambient, and 24§ C/W junction to case. Thermal resistance of the TO-92 package is
180§ C/W junction to ambient. Thermal resistance of the small outline molded package is 220§ C/W junction to ambient. Thermal resistance of the TO-202 package
is 85§ C/W junction to ambient. For additional thermal resistance information see table in the Applications section.
2
Electrical Characteristics (Note 1) (Note 6)
(Continued)
LM35
Parameter
Accuracy,
LM35, LM35C
(Note 7)
Conditions
TA e a 25§ C
TA eb10§ C
TA e TMAX
TA e TMIN
Typical
Tested
Limit
(Note 4)
g 0.4
g 1.0
g 0.5
g 0.8
g 1.5
g 0.8
g 1.5
TA e a 25§ C
TA e TMAX
TA e TMIN
Nonlinearity
(Note 8)
TMINsTAsTMAX
g 0.3
Sensor Gain
(Average Slope)
TMINsTAsTMAX
a 10.0
a 9.8,
a 10.2
Load Regulation
(Note 3) 0sILs1 mA
TA e a 25§ C
TMINsTAsTMAX
g 0.4
g 2.0
g 0.5
Line Regulation
(Note 3)
TA e a 25§ C
4VsVSs30V
g 0.02
Quiescent Current
(Note 9)
VS e a 5V, a 25§ C
VS e a 5V
VS e a 30V, a 25§ C
VS e a 30V
56
105
56.2
105.5
4VsVSs30V, a 25§ C
4VsVSs30V
Temperature
Coefficient of
Quiescent Current
Typical
Tested
Limit
(Note 4)
g 0.4
g 1.0
g 0.5
Accuracy,
LM35D
(Note 7)
Change of
Quiescent Current
(Note 3)
LM35C, LM35D
Design
Limit
(Note 5)
g 1.5
g 0.8
g 1.5
g 0.8
g 2.0
g 0.6
g 1.5
g 0.01
g 0.9
g 2.0
g 0.5
§C
a 10.0
a 9.8,
a 10.2
mV/§ C
g 0.4
g 0.5
g 0.2
g 0.02
g 0.01
161
56
91
56.2
91.5
3.0
0.2
0.5
a 0.39
a 0.7
a 2.0
0.2
0.5
Minimum Temperature
for Rated Accuracy
In circuit of
Figure 1 , IL e 0
a 1.5
Long Term Stability
TJ e TMAX, for
1000 hours
g 0.08
80
158
82
2.0
§C
§C
§C
§C
g 0.2
g 5.0
g 0.1
Units
(Max.)
§C
§C
§C
g 0.9
g 0.5
Design
Limit
(Note 5)
g 2.0
g 2.0
g 5.0
mV/mA
mV/mA
g 0.2
mV/V
mV/V
g 0.1
80
141
mA
mA
mA
mA
3.0
mA
mA
a 0.39
a 0.7
mA/§ C
a 1.5
a 2.0
§C
g 0.08
138
82
2.0
§C
Note 3: Regulation is measured at constant junction temperature, using pulse testing with a low duty cycle. Changes in output due to heating effects can be
computed by multiplying the internal dissipation by the thermal resistance.
Note 4: Tested Limits are guaranteed and 100% tested in production.
Note 5: Design Limits are guaranteed (but not 100% production tested) over the indicated temperature and supply voltage ranges. These limits are not used to
calculate outgoing quality levels.
Note 6: Specifications in boldface apply over the full rated temperature range.
Note 7: Accuracy is defined as the error between the output voltage and 10mv/§ C times the device’s case temperature, at specified conditions of voltage, current,
and temperature (expressed in § C).
Note 8: Nonlinearity is defined as the deviation of the output-voltage-versus-temperature curve from the best-fit straight line, over the device’s rated temperature
range.
Note 9: Quiescent current is defined in the circuit of Figure 1 .
Note 10: Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. DC and AC electrical specifications do not apply when
operating the device beyond its rated operating conditions. See Note 1.
Note 11: Human body model, 100 pF discharged through a 1.5 kX resistor.
Note 12: See AN-450 ‘‘Surface Mounting Methods and Their Effect on Product Reliability’’ or the section titled ‘‘Surface Mount’’ found in a current National
Semiconductor Linear Data Book for other methods of soldering surface mount devices.
3
Typical Performance Characteristics
Thermal Resistance
Junction to Air
Thermal Time Constant
Thermal Response
in Still Air
Thermal Response in
Stirred Oil Bath
Minimum Supply
Voltage vs. Temperature
Quiescent Current
vs. Temperature
(In Circuit of Figure 1 .)
TL/H/5516 – 17
Quiescent Current
vs. Temperature
(In Circuit of Figure 2 .)
Accuracy vs. Temperature
(Guaranteed)
Accuracy vs. Temperature
(Guaranteed)
TL/H/5516 – 18
Noise Voltage
Start-Up Response
TL/H/5516 – 22
4
Applications
The TO-46 metal package can also be soldered to a metal
surface or pipe without damage. Of course, in that case the
Vb terminal of the circuit will be grounded to that metal.
Alternatively, the LM35 can be mounted inside a sealed-end
metal tube, and can then be dipped into a bath or screwed
into a threaded hole in a tank. As with any IC, the LM35 and
accompanying wiring and circuits must be kept insulated
and dry, to avoid leakage and corrosion. This is especially
true if the circuit may operate at cold temperatures where
condensation can occur. Printed-circuit coatings and varnishes such as Humiseal and epoxy paints or dips are often
used to insure that moisture cannot corrode the LM35 or its
connections.
These devices are sometimes soldered to a small lightweight heat fin, to decrease the thermal time constant and
speed up the response in slowly-moving air. On the other
hand, a small thermal mass may be added to the sensor, to
give the steadiest reading despite small deviations in the air
temperature.
The LM35 can be applied easily in the same way as other
integrated-circuit temperature sensors. It can be glued or
cemented to a surface and its temperature will be within
about 0.01§ C of the surface temperature.
This presumes that the ambient air temperature is almost
the same as the surface temperature; if the air temperature
were much higher or lower than the surface temperature,
the actual temperature of the LM35 die would be at an intermediate temperature between the surface temperature and
the air temperature. This is expecially true for the TO-92
plastic package, where the copper leads are the principal
thermal path to carry heat into the device, so its temperature might be closer to the air temperature than to the surface temperature.
To minimize this problem, be sure that the wiring to the
LM35, as it leaves the device, is held at the same temperature as the surface of interest. The easiest way to do this is
to cover up these wires with a bead of epoxy which will
insure that the leads and wires are all at the same temperature as the surface, and that the LM35 die’s temperature will
not be affected by the air temperature.
Temperature Rise of LM35 Due To Self-heating (Thermal Resistance)
Still air
Moving air
Still oil
Stirred oil
(Clamped to metal,
Infinite heat sink)
TO-46,
TO-46,
TO-92,
TO-92,
SO-8
SO-8
TO-202
TO-202 ***
no heat sink small heat fin* no heat sink small heat fin** no heat sink small heat fin** no heat sink small heat fin
100§ C/W
180§ C/W
140§ C/W
220§ C/W
110§ C/W
85§ C/W
60§ C/W
400§ C/W
40§ C/W
90§ C/W
70§ C/W
105§ C/W
90§ C/W
25§ C/W
40§ C/W
100§ C/W
40§ C/W
90§ C/W
70§ C/W
100§ C/W
30§ C/W
45§ C/W
40§ C/W
50§ C/W
(24§ C/W)
(55§ C/W)
(23§ C/W)
* Wakefield type 201, or 1× disc of 0.020× sheet brass, soldered to case, or similar.
** TO-92 and SO-8 packages glued and leads soldered to 1× square of (/16× printed circuit board with 2 oz. foil or similar.
Typical Applications (Continued)
TL/H/5516 – 19
FIGURE 3. LM35 with Decoupling from Capacitive Load
TL/H/5516 – 20
FIGURE 4. LM35 with R-C Damper
capacitance because the capacitance forms a bypass from
ground to input, not on the output. However, as with any
linear circuit connected to wires in a hostile environment, its
performance can be affected adversely by intense electromagnetic sources such as relays, radio transmitters, motors
with arcing brushes, SCR transients, etc, as its wiring can
act as a receiving antenna and its internal junctions can act
as rectifiers. For best results in such cases, a bypass capacitor from VIN to ground and a series R-C damper such as
75X in series with 0.2 or 1 mF from output to ground are
often useful. These are shown in Figures 13, 14, and 16.
CAPACITIVE LOADS
Like most micropower circuits, the LM35 has a limited ability
to drive heavy capacitive loads. The LM35 by itself is able to
drive 50 pf without special precautions. If heavier loads are
anticipated, it is easy to isolate or decouple the load with a
resistor; see Figure 3 . Or you can improve the tolerance of
capacitance with a series R-C damper from output to
ground; see Figure 4 .
When the LM35 is applied with a 200X load resistor as
shown in Figure 5, 6, or 8, it is relatively immune to wiring
5
Typical Applications (Continued)
TL/H/5516 – 6
FIGURE 6. Two-Wire Remote Temperature Sensor
(Output Referred to Ground)
TL/H/5516 – 5
FIGURE 5. Two-Wire Remote Temperature Sensor
(Grounded Sensor)
TL/H/5516 – 7
FIGURE 7. Temperature Sensor, Single Supply, b55§ to
a 150§ C
TL/H/5516 – 8
FIGURE 8. Two-Wire Remote Temperature Sensor
(Output Referred to Ground)
TL/H/5516 – 9
FIGURE 9. 4-To-20 mA Current Source (0§ C to a 100§ C)
TL/H/5516 – 10
FIGURE 10. Fahrenheit Thermometer
6
Typical Applications (Continued)
TL/H/5516 – 11
FIGURE 11. Centigrade Thermometer (Analog Meter)
TL/H/5516 – 12
FIGURE 12. Expanded Scale Thermometer
(50§ to 80§ Fahrenheit, for Example Shown)
TL/H/5516 – 13
FIGURE 13. Temperature To Digital Converter (Serial Output) ( a 128§ C Full Scale)
TL/H/5516 – 14
FIGURE 14. Temperature To Digital Converter (Parallel TRI-STATEÉ Outputs for
Standard Data Bus to mP Interface) (128§ C Full Scale)
7
Typical Applications (Continued)
TL/H/5516 – 16
* e 1% or 2% film resistor
-Trim RB for VB e 3.075V
-Trim RC for VC e 1.955V
-Trim RA for VA e 0.075V a 100mV/§ C c Tambient
-Example, VA e 2.275V at 22§ C
FIGURE 15. Bar-Graph Temperature Display (Dot Mode)
TL/H/5516 – 15
FIGURE 16. LM35 With Voltage-To-Frequency Converter And Isolated Output
(2§ C to a 150§ C; 20 Hz to 1500 Hz)
8
Block Diagram
TL/H/5516 – 23
9
Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters)
TO-46 Metal Can Package (H)
Order Number LM35H, LM35AH, LM35CH,
LM35CAH, or LM35DH
NS Package Number H03H
SO-8 Molded Small Outline Package (M)
Order Number LM35DM
NS Package Number M08A
10
Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) (Continued)
Power Package TO-202 (P)
Order Number LM35DP
NS Package Number P03A
11
LM35/LM35A/LM35C/LM35CA/LM35D
Precision Centigrade Temperature Sensors
Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) (Continued)
TO-92 Plastic Package (Z)
Order Number LM35CZ, LM35CAZ or LM35DZ
NS Package Number Z03A
LIFE SUPPORT POLICY
NATIONAL’S PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT
DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE PRESIDENT OF NATIONAL
SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION. As used herein:
1. Life support devices or systems are devices or
systems which, (a) are intended for surgical implant
into the body, or (b) support or sustain life, and whose
failure to perform, when properly used in accordance
with instructions for use provided in the labeling, can
be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury
to the user.
National Semiconductor
Corporation
2900 Semiconductor Drive
P.O. Box 58090
Santa Clara, CA 95052-8090
Tel: 1(800) 272-9959
TWX: (910) 339-9240
National Semiconductor
GmbH
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Germany
Tel: (81-41) 35-0
Telex: 527649
Fax: (81-41) 35-1
National Semiconductor
Japan Ltd.
Sumitomo Chemical
Engineering Center
Bldg. 7F
1-7-1, Nakase, Mihama-Ku
Chiba-City,
Ciba Prefecture 261
Tel: (043) 299-2300
Fax: (043) 299-2500
2. A critical component is any component of a life
support device or system whose failure to perform can
be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life
support device or system, or to affect its safety or
effectiveness.
National Semiconductor
Hong Kong Ltd.
13th Floor, Straight Block,
Ocean Centre, 5 Canton Rd.
Tsimshatsui, Kowloon
Hong Kong
Tel: (852) 2737-1600
Fax: (852) 2736-9960
National Semiconductores
Do Brazil Ltda.
Rue Deputado Lacorda Franco
120-3A
Sao Paulo-SP
Brazil 05418-000
Tel: (55-11) 212-5066
Telex: 391-1131931 NSBR BR
Fax: (55-11) 212-1181
National Semiconductor
(Australia) Pty, Ltd.
Building 16
Business Park Drive
Monash Business Park
Nottinghill, Melbourne
Victoria 3168 Australia
Tel: (3) 558-9999
Fax: (3) 558-9998
National does not assume any responsibility for use of any circuitry described, no circuit patent licenses are implied and National reserves the right at any time without notice to change said circuitry and specifications.
µA7800 SERIES
POSITIVE-VOLTAGE REGULATORS
SLVS056J – MAY 1976 – REVISED MAY 2003
D
D
D
3-Terminal Regulators
Output Current up to 1.5 A
Internal Thermal-Overload Protection
D
D
D
High Power-Dissipation Capability
Internal Short-Circuit Current Limiting
Output Transistor Safe-Area Compensation
COMMON
KC (TO-220) PACKAGE
(TOP VIEW)
KTE PACKAGE
(TOP VIEW)
COMMON
OUTPUT
COMMON
INPUT
COMMON
KCS (TO-220) PACKAGE
(TOP VIEW)
OUTPUT
COMMON
INPUT
OUTPUT
COMMON
INPUT
description/ordering information
This series of fixed-voltage integrated-circuit voltage regulators is designed for a wide range of applications.
These applications include on-card regulation for elimination of noise and distribution problems associated with
single-point regulation. Each of these regulators can deliver up to 1.5 A of output current. The internal
current-limiting and thermal-shutdown features of these regulators essentially make them immune to overload.
In addition to use as fixed-voltage regulators, these devices can be used with external components to obtain
adjustable output voltages and currents, and also can be used as the power-pass element in precision
regulators.
ORDERING INFORMATION
TJ
VO(NOM)
(V)
5
8
10
0°C to 125°C
12
15
24
ORDERABLE
PART NUMBER
PACKAGE†
TOP-SIDE
MARKING
POWER-FLEX (KTE)
Reel of 2000
µA7805CKTER
µA7805C
TO-220 (KC)
Tube of 50
µA7805CKC
TO-220, short shoulder (KCS)
Tube of 20
µA7805CKCS
POWER-FLEX (KTE)
Reel of 2000
µA7808CKTER
TO-220 (KC)
Tube of 50
µA7808CKC
TO-220, short shoulder (KCS)
Tube of 20
µA7808CKCS
POWER-FLEX (KTE)
Reel of 2000
µA7810CKTER
µA7810C
TO-220 (KC)
Tube of 50
µA7810CKC
µA7810C
POWER-FLEX (KTE)
Reel of 2000
µA7812CKTER
µA7812C
TO-220 (KC)
Tube of 50
µA7812CKC
TO-220, short shoulder (KCS)
Tube of 20
µA7812CKCS
POWER-FLEX (KTE)
Reel of 2000
µA7815CKTER
TO-220 (KC)
Tube of 50
µA7815CKC
TO-220, short shoulder (KCS)
Tube of 20
µA7815CKCS
POWER-FLEX (KTE)
Reel of 2000
µA7824CKTER
µA7805C
µA7808C
µA7808C
µA7812C
µA7815C
µA7815C
µA7824C
µA7824C
† Package drawings, standard packing quantities, thermal data, symbolization, and PCB design guidelines are available at
www.ti.com/sc/package.
TO-220 (KC)
Tube of 50
µA7824CKC
Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of
Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet.
Copyright 2003, Texas Instruments Incorporated
PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date.
Products conform to specifications per the terms of Texas Instruments
standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include
testing of all parameters.
POST OFFICE BOX 655303
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1
µA7800 SERIES
POSITIVE-VOLTAGE REGULATORS
SLVS056J – MAY 1976 – REVISED MAY 2003
schematic
INPUT
OUTPUT
COMMON
absolute maximum ratings over virtual junction temperature range (unless otherwise noted)†
Input voltage, VI: µA7824C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 V
All others . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 V
Operating virtual junction temperature, TJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150°C
Lead temperature 1,6 mm (1/16 inch) from case for 10 seconds
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260°C
Storage temperature range, Tstg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –65°C to 150°C
† Stresses beyond those listed under “absolute maximum ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and
functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under “recommended operating conditions” is not
implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
package thermal data (see Note 1)
POWER-FLEX (KTE)
High K, JESD 51-5
θJC
3°C/W
TO-220 (KC/KCS)
High K, JESD 51-5
3°C/W
PACKAGE
BOARD
θJA
23°C/W
19°C/W
NOTE 1: Maximum power dissipation is a function of TJ(max), θJA, and TA. The maximum allowable power dissipation at any allowable ambient
temperature is PD = (TJ(max) – TA)/θJA. Operating at the absolute maximum TJ of 150°C can affect reliability.
2
POST OFFICE BOX 655303
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µA7800 SERIES
POSITIVE-VOLTAGE REGULATORS
SLVS056J – MAY 1976 – REVISED MAY 2003
recommended operating conditions
VI
IO
TJ
Input voltage
MIN
MAX
µA7805C
7
25
µA7808C
10.5
25
µA7810C
12.5
28
µA7812C
14.5
30
µA7815C
17.5
30
µA7824C
27
38
1.5
A
0
125
°C
Output current
µA7800C series
Operating virtual junction temperature
UNIT
V
electrical characteristics at specified virtual junction temperature, VI = 10 V, IO = 500 mA (unless
otherwise noted)
PARAMETER
Output voltage
IO = 5 mA to 1 A,,
PD ≤ 15 W
Input voltage regulation
VI = 7 V to 25 V
VI = 8 V to 12 V
Ripple rejection
Output voltage regulation
Output resistance
Temperature coefficient of output voltage
TJ†
TEST CONDITIONS
VI = 8 V to 18 V,
IO = 5 mA to 1.5 A
IO = 5 mA
f = 10 Hz to 100 kHz
Dropout voltage
IO = 1 A
TYP
25°C
4.8
5
0°C to 125°C
4.75
VI = 7 V to 20 V,,
25°C
f = 120 Hz
IO = 250 mA to 750 mA
f = 1 kHz
Output noise voltage
0°C to 125°C
25°C
VI = 7 V to 25 V
IO = 5 mA to 1 A
62
MAX
5.2
5.25
3
100
1
50
78
UNIT
V
mV
dB
15
100
5
50
mV
0°C to 125°C
0.017
Ω
0°C to 125°C
–1.1
mV/°C
Bias current
Bias current change
µA7805C
MIN
25°C
40
µV
25°C
2
V
25°C
4.2
8
1.3
0°C to
t 125°C
0.5
Short-circuit output current
25°C
750
Peak output current
25°C
2.2
mA
mA
mA
A
† Pulse-testing techniques maintain the junction temperature as close to the ambient temperature as possible. Thermal effects must be taken into
account separately. All characteristics are measured with a 0.33-µF capacitor across the input and a 0.1-µF capacitor across the output.
POST OFFICE BOX 655303
• DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
3
µA7800 SERIES
POSITIVE-VOLTAGE REGULATORS
SLVS056J – MAY 1976 – REVISED MAY 2003
electrical characteristics at specified virtual junction temperature, VI = 14 V, IO = 500 mA (unless
otherwise noted)
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
Output voltage
IO = 5 mA to 1 A,,
PD ≤ 15 W
Input voltage regulation
VI = 10.5 V to 25 V
VI = 11 V to 17 V
Ripple rejection
Output voltage regulation
Output resistance
Temperature coefficient of output voltage
VI = 11.5 V to 21.5 V,
IO = 5 mA to 1.5 A
VI = 10.5 V to 23 V,,
Output noise voltage
Dropout voltage
IO = 1 A
f = 120 Hz
TYP
MAX
25°C
7.7
8
8.3
0°C to 125°C
7.6
0°C to 125°C
55
25°C
Bias current
Bias current change
MIN
25°C
IO = 250 mA to 750 mA
f = 1 kHz
IO = 5 mA
f = 10 Hz to 100 kHz
µA7808C
TJ†
VI = 10.5 V to 25 V
IO = 5 mA to 1 A
8.4
6
160
2
80
72
UNIT
V
mV
dB
12
160
4
80
mV
0°C to 125°C
0.016
Ω
0°C to 125°C
–0.8
mV/°C
25°C
52
µV
25°C
2
V
25°C
4.3
8
1
0°C to 125°C
0.5
Short-circuit output current
25°C
450
Peak output current
25°C
2.2
mA
mA
mA
A
† Pulse-testing techniques maintain the junction temperature as close to the ambient temperature as possible. Thermal effects must be taken into
account separately. All characteristics are measured with a 0.33-µF capacitor across the input and a 0.1-µF capacitor across the output.
electrical characteristics at specified virtual junction temperature, VI = 17 V, IO = 500 mA (unless
otherwise noted)
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
Output voltage
IO = 5 mA to 1 A,,
PD ≤ 15 W
Input voltage regulation
VI = 12.5 V to 28 V
VI = 14 V to 20 V
Ripple rejection
Output voltage regulation
Output resistance
Temperature coefficient of output voltage
VI = 13 V to 23 V,
IO = 5 mA to 1.5 A
VI = 12.5 V to 25 V,,
IO = 5 mA
f = 10 Hz to 100 kHz
Dropout voltage
IO = 1 A
f = 120 Hz
TYP
MAX
25°C
9.6
10
10.4
0°C to 125°C
9.5
10
10.5
7
200
2
100
0°C to 125°C
25°C
Bias current
Bias current change
MIN
25°C
IO = 250 mA to 750 mA
f = 1 kHz
Output noise voltage
µA7810C
TJ†
VI = 12.5 V to 28 V
IO = 5 mA to 1 A
55
71
UNIT
V
mV
dB
12
200
4
100
mV
Ω
0°C to 125°C
0.018
0°C to 125°C
–1
mV/°C
25°C
70
µV
25°C
2
V
25°C
4.3
8
1
0°C to 125°C
0.5
Short-circuit output current
25°C
400
Peak output current
25°C
2.2
mA
mA
mA
A
† Pulse-testing techniques maintain the junction temperature as close to the ambient temperature as possible. Thermal effects must be taken into
account separately. All characteristics are measured with a 0.33-µF capacitor across the input and a 0.1-µF capacitor across the output.
4
POST OFFICE BOX 655303
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µA7800 SERIES
POSITIVE-VOLTAGE REGULATORS
SLVS056J – MAY 1976 – REVISED MAY 2003
electrical characteristics at specified virtual junction temperature, VI = 19 V, IO = 500 mA (unless
otherwise noted)
PARAMETER
Output voltage
IO = 5 mA to 1 A,,
PD ≤ 15 W
Input voltage regulation
VI = 14.5 V to 30 V
VI = 16 V to 22 V
Ripple rejection
Output voltage regulation
Output resistance
Temperature coefficient of output voltage
VI = 15 V to 25 V,
IO = 5 mA to 1.5 A
MIN
TYP
MAX
25°C
11.5
12
12.5
0°C to 125°C
11.4
VI = 14.5 V to 27 V,,
25°C
f = 120 Hz
Output noise voltage
Dropout voltage
IO = 1 A
0°C to 125°C
VI = 14.5 V to 30 V
IO = 5 mA to 1 A
12.6
10
240
3
120
71
UNIT
V
mV
dB
12
240
4
120
mV
Ω
0°C to 125°C
0.018
0°C to 125°C
–1
mV/°C
25°C
75
µV
25°C
2
V
25°C
4.3
Bias current
Bias current change
55
25°C
IO = 250 mA to 750 mA
f = 1 kHz
IO = 5 mA
f = 10 Hz to 100 kHz
µA7812C
TJ†
TEST CONDITIONS
8
1
0°C to
t 125°C
0.5
Short-circuit output current
25°C
350
Peak output current
25°C
2.2
mA
mA
mA
A
† Pulse-testing techniques maintain the junction temperature as close to the ambient temperature as possible. Thermal effects must be taken into
account separately. All characteristics are measured with a 0.33-µF capacitor across the input and a 0.1-µF capacitor across the output.
electrical characteristics at specified virtual junction temperature, VI = 23 V, IO = 500 mA (unless
otherwise noted)
PARAMETER
Output voltage
IO = 5 mA to 1 A,,
PD ≤ 15 W
Input voltage regulation
VI = 17.5 V to 30 V
VI = 20 V to 26 V
Ripple rejection
Output voltage regulation
Output resistance
Temperature coefficient of output voltage
TJ†
TEST CONDITIONS
VI = 18.5 V to 28.5 V,
IO = 5 mA to 1.5 A
IO = 5 mA
f = 10 Hz to 100 kHz
Dropout voltage
IO = 1 A
TYP
25°C
14.4
15
0°C to 125°C
14.25
VI = 17.5 V to 30 V,,
25°C
f = 120 Hz
IO = 250 mA to 750 mA
f = 1 kHz
Output noise voltage
0°C to 125°C
25°C
VI = 17.5 V to 30 V
IO = 5 mA to 1 A
54
MAX
15.6
15.75
11
300
3
150
70
UNIT
V
mV
dB
12
300
4
150
mV
Ω
0°C to 125°C
0.019
0°C to 125°C
–1
mV/°C
25°C
90
µV
25°C
2
V
25°C
4.4
Bias current
Bias current change
µA7815C
MIN
8
1
0°C to 125°C
0.5
Short-circuit output current
25°C
230
Peak output current
25°C
2.1
mA
mA
mA
A
† Pulse-testing techniques maintain the junction temperature as close to the ambient temperature as possible. Thermal effects must be taken into
account separately. All characteristics are measured with a 0.33-µF capacitor across the input and a 0.1-µF capacitor across the output.
POST OFFICE BOX 655303
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5
µA7800 SERIES
POSITIVE-VOLTAGE REGULATORS
SLVS056J – MAY 1976 – REVISED MAY 2003
electrical characteristics at specified virtual junction temperature, VI = 33 V, IO = 500 mA (unless
otherwise noted)
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
Output voltage
IO = 5 mA to 1 A,,
PD ≤ 15 W
Input voltage regulation
VI = 27 V to 38 V
VI = 30 V to 36 V
Ripple rejection
Output voltage regulation
Output resistance
Temperature coefficient of output voltage
VI = 28 V to 38 V,
IO = 5 mA to 1.5 A
VI = 27 V to 38 V,,
Output noise voltage
Dropout voltage
IO = 1 A
µA7824C
MIN
TYP
23
24
22.8
25°C
f = 120 Hz
0°C to 125°C
25°C
Bias current
Bias current change
25°C
0°C to 125°C
IO = 250 mA to 750 mA
f = 1 kHz
IO = 5 mA
f = 10 Hz to 100 kHz
TJ†
VI = 27 V to 38 V
IO = 5 mA to 1 A
50
MAX
25
25.2
18
480
6
240
66
UNIT
V
mV
dB
12
480
4
240
mV
0°C to 125°C
0.028
Ω
0°C to 125°C
–1.5
mV/°C
25°C
170
µV
25°C
2
V
25°C
4.6
8
1
0°C to 125°C
0.5
Short-circuit output current
25°C
150
Peak output current
25°C
2.1
mA
mA
mA
A
† Pulse-testing techniques maintain the junction temperature as close to the ambient temperature as possible. Thermal effects must be taken into
account separately. All characteristics are measured with a 0.33-µF capacitor across the input and a 0.1-µF capacitor across the output.
6
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µA7800 SERIES
POSITIVE-VOLTAGE REGULATORS
SLVS056J – MAY 1976 – REVISED MAY 2003
APPLICATION INFORMATION
µA78xx
+V
+VO
0.33 µF
0.1 µF
Figure 1. Fixed-Out