Politeness Maxims Uttered by the Characters in ''Divergent'' Movie.
POLITENESS MAXIMS UTTERED BY THE CHARACTERS
IN “DIVERGENT” MOVIE
I GEDE KRISNA WEDHANA CAHYADI
1218351047
NON REGULAR PROGRAM
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF ARTS
UDAYANA UNIVERSITY
2016
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
First of all, I would like to express my great praise and gratitude to
Almighty God, Ida Sang Hyang Widi Wasa, for His blessings, miracle, endless
love, and help for me in finishing my final study entitled Politeness Maxims
Uttered By The Characters in “Divergent” Movie. I also would like to give my
gratitude and thank my first supervisor, Dr. I Made Rajeg, M.Hum., and my
second supervisor, A A Sg Shanti Sari Dewi, S.S., M.Hum., M.App.Ling., for
their guidance, comments, correction, and instructions which make me able to
finally finish this study very well.
I also would like to give my gratitude and appreciation to the Dean of
Faculty of Arts, Prof. Dr. Ni Luh Sutjiati Beratha, M.A. and all teaching staff of
English Department, Faculty of Arts, Udayana University who taught me during
my academic years. My special gratitude is given to my academic adviser during
the lecture, Dr. Ni Luh Nyoman Seri Malini, M. Hum., for her instruction,
warning and advice which also encourage me in finishing this study.
I am grateful to my beloved parents, my younger brother, my uncle
Rai Jaya Widanta and my aunt Ayu Tri Hidayanti for giving me precious support
in finishing this study. I would also like to say thank you to Ketut Budiarta, Nora
Yuliandari, Dresta Danayasa, Adhitya Putra, Dian Novita, Dwik Yuvita, and all of
my friends in English department and also in my neighborhood for cheering me
up, motivating, and encouraging me in writing this study. Finally, thank you so
i
much for all people who support and help me, and I apologize that I cannot
mention them one by one here.
I have finished writing this study but this study is obviously far from
perfection. There are still some weaknesses which can be found in this study.
Therefore, it is needed constructive comments, suggestions, and corrections to
make this study better and improved. I hope this study will be useful for people in
the future.
Denpasar, July 2016
I Gede Krisna Wedhana Cahyadi
ii
ABSTRACT
Maxim, which is focused in this study, is a well-known phrase that
expresses a general truth about life or a rule of behavior (stated in MerriamWebster online dictionary). The study which has been completed is entitled
Politeness Maxims Uttered By The Characters In “Divergent” Movie. The
research is aimed at finding out the types of politeness maxims applied by the
characters in Divergent movie and the factors influence the application of
politeness maxims by the characters in Divergent movie.
The source of data is a movie called Divergent and the data are in
form of utterances spoken by characters in the movie. This study applied
qualitative and descriptive method. The data were analyzed by using theory of
politeness maxim proposed by Leech (1983), theory of factors which influence the
application of politeness maxim proposed by Holmes (1992) and theory of kinship
proposed by Wardhaugh (1986). The data were collected through observation and
documentation method.
The result of the analysis show that there are six types of politeness
maxims found in Divergent movie, they are Tact Maxim, Generosity Maxim,
Approbation Maxim, Modesty Maxim, Agreement Maxim, and Sympathy Maxim.
The factors which influence the application of politeness maxims in the movie are
age, gender, context of situation and kinship.
Based on the research, maxim which is mostly applied in the movie is
Tact Maxim and the fewest maxim applied is Modesty Maxim. The factor which
mostly influence the application of politeness maxim is context of situation (the
participants) and the factor which gives fewest influence is age.
Keywords: Politeness, Maxim, Factor
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................... i
ABSTRACT .................................................................................................. iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................. iv
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ...................................................................1
1.1 Background of the Study.............................................................................1
1.2 Problems of the Study .................................................................................3
1.3 Aims of the Study .......................................................................................3
1.4 Scope of Discussion ....................................................................................3
1.5 Research Method .........................................................................................4
1.5.1 Data Source ..........................................................................................4
1.5.2 Method and Technique of Collecting Data ..........................................5
1.5.3 Method and Technique of Analyzing Data ..........................................5
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE, CONCEPTS, AND
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK ...............................................................7
2.1 Review of Literature ..................................................................................7
2.2 Concepts ...................................................................................................10
2.2.1 Concepts of Politeness .......................................................................10
2.2.2 Concepts of Maxim .............................................................................10
2.3 Theoretical Framework .............................................................................11
iv
2.3.1 Politeness Maxims .............................................................................12
2.3.1.1 The Tact Maxim ...........................................................................12
2.3.1.2 The Generosity Maxim .................................................................13
2.3.1.3 The Approbation Maxim ..............................................................14
2.3.1.4 The Modesty Maxim ....................................................................14
2.3.1.5 The Agreement Maxim ................................................................15
2.3.1.6 The Sympathy Maxim ..................................................................16
2.3.2 Factors Influence the Politeness Maxim ...........................................17
2.3.2.1 Age ...............................................................................................17
2.3.2.2 Gender ..........................................................................................18
2.3.2.3 Context of Situation .....................................................................18
2.3.2.4 Kinship Terms ..............................................................................19
CHAPTER III THE ANALYSIS OF POLITENESS MAXIMS UTTERED
BY THE CHARACTERS IN “DIVERGENT” MOVIE ..........................20
3.1 Preliminary ...............................................................................................20
3.2 The Analysis of Politeness Maxims .........................................................20
3.2.1 The Tact Maxim .................................................................................20
3.2.2 The Generosity Maxim ......................................................................34
3.2.3 The Approbation Maxim ....................................................................41
3.2.4 The Modesty Maxim ..........................................................................47
3.2.5 The Agreement Maxim .................................................................. ...51
v
3.2.6 The Sympathy Maxim ........................................................................55
CHAPTER IV CONCLUSION ...................................................................61
BIBLIOGRAPHY .........................................................................................62
vi
IN “DIVERGENT” MOVIE
I GEDE KRISNA WEDHANA CAHYADI
1218351047
NON REGULAR PROGRAM
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF ARTS
UDAYANA UNIVERSITY
2016
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
First of all, I would like to express my great praise and gratitude to
Almighty God, Ida Sang Hyang Widi Wasa, for His blessings, miracle, endless
love, and help for me in finishing my final study entitled Politeness Maxims
Uttered By The Characters in “Divergent” Movie. I also would like to give my
gratitude and thank my first supervisor, Dr. I Made Rajeg, M.Hum., and my
second supervisor, A A Sg Shanti Sari Dewi, S.S., M.Hum., M.App.Ling., for
their guidance, comments, correction, and instructions which make me able to
finally finish this study very well.
I also would like to give my gratitude and appreciation to the Dean of
Faculty of Arts, Prof. Dr. Ni Luh Sutjiati Beratha, M.A. and all teaching staff of
English Department, Faculty of Arts, Udayana University who taught me during
my academic years. My special gratitude is given to my academic adviser during
the lecture, Dr. Ni Luh Nyoman Seri Malini, M. Hum., for her instruction,
warning and advice which also encourage me in finishing this study.
I am grateful to my beloved parents, my younger brother, my uncle
Rai Jaya Widanta and my aunt Ayu Tri Hidayanti for giving me precious support
in finishing this study. I would also like to say thank you to Ketut Budiarta, Nora
Yuliandari, Dresta Danayasa, Adhitya Putra, Dian Novita, Dwik Yuvita, and all of
my friends in English department and also in my neighborhood for cheering me
up, motivating, and encouraging me in writing this study. Finally, thank you so
i
much for all people who support and help me, and I apologize that I cannot
mention them one by one here.
I have finished writing this study but this study is obviously far from
perfection. There are still some weaknesses which can be found in this study.
Therefore, it is needed constructive comments, suggestions, and corrections to
make this study better and improved. I hope this study will be useful for people in
the future.
Denpasar, July 2016
I Gede Krisna Wedhana Cahyadi
ii
ABSTRACT
Maxim, which is focused in this study, is a well-known phrase that
expresses a general truth about life or a rule of behavior (stated in MerriamWebster online dictionary). The study which has been completed is entitled
Politeness Maxims Uttered By The Characters In “Divergent” Movie. The
research is aimed at finding out the types of politeness maxims applied by the
characters in Divergent movie and the factors influence the application of
politeness maxims by the characters in Divergent movie.
The source of data is a movie called Divergent and the data are in
form of utterances spoken by characters in the movie. This study applied
qualitative and descriptive method. The data were analyzed by using theory of
politeness maxim proposed by Leech (1983), theory of factors which influence the
application of politeness maxim proposed by Holmes (1992) and theory of kinship
proposed by Wardhaugh (1986). The data were collected through observation and
documentation method.
The result of the analysis show that there are six types of politeness
maxims found in Divergent movie, they are Tact Maxim, Generosity Maxim,
Approbation Maxim, Modesty Maxim, Agreement Maxim, and Sympathy Maxim.
The factors which influence the application of politeness maxims in the movie are
age, gender, context of situation and kinship.
Based on the research, maxim which is mostly applied in the movie is
Tact Maxim and the fewest maxim applied is Modesty Maxim. The factor which
mostly influence the application of politeness maxim is context of situation (the
participants) and the factor which gives fewest influence is age.
Keywords: Politeness, Maxim, Factor
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................... i
ABSTRACT .................................................................................................. iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................. iv
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ...................................................................1
1.1 Background of the Study.............................................................................1
1.2 Problems of the Study .................................................................................3
1.3 Aims of the Study .......................................................................................3
1.4 Scope of Discussion ....................................................................................3
1.5 Research Method .........................................................................................4
1.5.1 Data Source ..........................................................................................4
1.5.2 Method and Technique of Collecting Data ..........................................5
1.5.3 Method and Technique of Analyzing Data ..........................................5
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE, CONCEPTS, AND
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK ...............................................................7
2.1 Review of Literature ..................................................................................7
2.2 Concepts ...................................................................................................10
2.2.1 Concepts of Politeness .......................................................................10
2.2.2 Concepts of Maxim .............................................................................10
2.3 Theoretical Framework .............................................................................11
iv
2.3.1 Politeness Maxims .............................................................................12
2.3.1.1 The Tact Maxim ...........................................................................12
2.3.1.2 The Generosity Maxim .................................................................13
2.3.1.3 The Approbation Maxim ..............................................................14
2.3.1.4 The Modesty Maxim ....................................................................14
2.3.1.5 The Agreement Maxim ................................................................15
2.3.1.6 The Sympathy Maxim ..................................................................16
2.3.2 Factors Influence the Politeness Maxim ...........................................17
2.3.2.1 Age ...............................................................................................17
2.3.2.2 Gender ..........................................................................................18
2.3.2.3 Context of Situation .....................................................................18
2.3.2.4 Kinship Terms ..............................................................................19
CHAPTER III THE ANALYSIS OF POLITENESS MAXIMS UTTERED
BY THE CHARACTERS IN “DIVERGENT” MOVIE ..........................20
3.1 Preliminary ...............................................................................................20
3.2 The Analysis of Politeness Maxims .........................................................20
3.2.1 The Tact Maxim .................................................................................20
3.2.2 The Generosity Maxim ......................................................................34
3.2.3 The Approbation Maxim ....................................................................41
3.2.4 The Modesty Maxim ..........................................................................47
3.2.5 The Agreement Maxim .................................................................. ...51
v
3.2.6 The Sympathy Maxim ........................................................................55
CHAPTER IV CONCLUSION ...................................................................61
BIBLIOGRAPHY .........................................................................................62
vi