LANDASAN TEORI DAN PROGRAM SEKOLAH TINGGI ILMU FARMASI Tema Desain Biophilic Architecture Fokus Kajian Inovasi Desain untuk Menjaga Kualitas Udara yang Sehat di Dalam Bangunan - Unika Repository

  

PROJEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR

Periode LXVIII, Semester Gasal, Tahun 2015/2016

LANDASAN TEORI DAN PROGRAM

SEKOLAH TINGGI ILMU FARMASI

  

Tema Desain

Biophilic Architecture

  

Fokus Kajian

Inovasi Desain untuk Menjaga Kualitas Udara yang Sehat di Dalam Bangunan

  Diajukan untuk memenuhi sebagian persyaratan memperoleh gelar Sarjana Arsitektur

  

Disusun Oleh :

Eva Litta Devitiani 11.11.0008

  

Dosen Pembimbing :

Ir. A.M.S. Darmawan M-Bldg

  

NIDN. 0006085001

PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR

FAKULTAS ARSITEKTUR DAN DESAIN

UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK SOEGIJAPRANATA

November 2015

  

PRAKATA

  Puji syukur kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa atas rahmat-Nya sehingga LTP Proyek Akhir Arsitektur 68 ini dapat terselesaikan. LTP ini berjudul Sekolah Tinggi

  

Ilmu Farmasi yang merupakan persyaratan kelengkapan untuk Proyek Akhir

  Arsitektur 68, Fakultas Aristektur dan Desain Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata Semarang.

  LTP yang dibuat dapat terlaksana dengan baik atas dukungan dan bantuan dari berbagai pihak yang terkait. Penulis mengucapkan terimakasih kepada:

  1. Ir. A.M.S. Darmawan, M-Bldg, selaku dosen pembimbing Proyek Akhir Arsitektur

  68

  2. Ir. FX. Bambang Suskiyatno, MT selaku dosen Koordinator Proyek Akhir Arsitektur 68

  3. Ir. Afriyanto Sofyan, St.B, MT. selaku sekretaris Proyek Akhir Arsitektur 68

  4. Vera Marina,S.Psi.,M.Psi, selaku Direktur Eksekutif Yayasan Pharmasi Semarang

  5. Pihak-pihak lain yang telah membantu baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung Berharap dengan disusunnya LTP ini dapat memberikan gambaran mengenai Proyek Akhir Arsitektur 68 yang berjudul Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Farmasi.

  Akhir kata penulis mengucapkan Terimakasih.

  Semarang, 13 November 2015 Penulis

  

DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL ................................................................................................. i HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ................................................................................... ii PRAKATA .............................................................................................................. v DAFTAR ISI ............................................................................................................ vi DAFTAR TABEL .................................................................................................... xi

DAFTAR GAMBAR ................................................................................................ xiv

  BAB I. PENDAHULUAN ........................................................................................ 1

  1.1. LATAR BELAKANG SEKOLAH TINGGI ILMU FARMASI ........................... 1

  1.2. TUJUAN DAN SASARAN PEMBAHASAN .................................................. 3

  1.3. LINGKUP PEMBAHASAN ........................................................................... 4

  1.4. METODA PEMBAHASAN ............................................................................ 5

  1.4.1. Metoda Pengumpulan Data ............................................................... 5

  a. Data Primer .................................................................................... 5

  b. Data Sekunder ............................................................................... 6

  1.4.2. Metoda Penyusunan dan Analisa ...................................................... 7

  1.4.3. Metoda Pemrograman ....................................................................... 8

  a. Analisa ........................................................................................... 8

  b. Sintesa ........................................................................................... 8

  1.4.4. Metoda Perancangan Arsitektur ......................................................... 9

  1.5. SISTEMATIKA PEMBAHASAN ................................................................... 10

  

BAB II. TINJAUAN PROYEK SEKOLAH TINGGI ILMU FARMASI ...................... 12

  2.1. TINJAUAN UMUM ....................................................................................... 12

  2.1.1. Gambaran Umum .............................................................................. 12

  2.1.2. Latar Belakang

• – Perkembangan – Trend ......................................... 15

  2.1.3. Sasaran yang Akan Dicapai ............................................................... 17

  2.2. TINJAUAN KHUSUS ................................................................................... 17

  2.2.1. Terminologi ........................................................................................ 17

  a. Pengertian Epistemologis .............................................................. 17

  b. Latar belakang sejarah Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Farmasi (STIFAR) Yayasan Pharmasi Semarang ........................................................... 22

  2.2.2. Kegiatan ............................................................................................. 23

  a. Pelaku ............................................................................................ 23

  b. Fasilitas.......................................................................................... 28

  c. Peralatan/ Prasarana ..................................................................... 32

  2.2.3. Spesifikasi dan Persyaratan Desain................................................... 44

  2.2.4. Deskripsi Konteks Desa/ Kota ............................................................ 65

  a. Lokasi ............................................................................................ 65

  b. Urgensi

• – Relevansi Proyek di Kota Semarang ............................. 67

  c. Urban Issue .................................................................................... 68

  2.2.5. Studi Banding/ Komparasi Kasus Proyek Sejenis .............................. 68

  2.2.6. Permasalahan Desain ........................................................................ 77

  2.3. KESIMPULAN, BATASAN DAN ANGGAPAN ............................................. 78

  2.3.1. Kesimpulan ...................................................................................... 78

  2.3.2. Batasan ............................................................................................ 78

  2.3.3. Anggapan ......................................................................................... 79

  

BAB III. ANALISA PENDEKATAN PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR ............................. 80

  3.1. ANALISA PENDEKATAN ARSITEKTUR ..................................................... 80

  3.1.1. Studi Aktifitas ..................................................................................... 80

  a. Pengelompokan Aktifitas ............................................................... 80

  b. Pola Kegiatan ................................................................................ 93

  c. Jadwal Kegiatan ............................................................................. 97

  d. Perhitungan Jumlah Pelaku ........................................................... 97

  e. Jumlah Pelaku di Sekolah.............................................................. 100

  f. Perhitungan Time Slot .................................................................... 102

  3.1.2. Studi Fasilitas ..................................................................................... 117

  a. Pengelompokan Ruang dan Sifat .................................................. 117

  b. Persyaratan Ruang ........................................................................ 120

  c. Pola Ruang .................................................................................... 124

  d. Studi Ruang Khusus ...................................................................... 127

  e. Studi Kebutuhan Luas Ruang ........................................................ 130

  f. Perhitungan Area Parkir ................................................................. 141

  g. Fasilitas Kaum Difabel ................................................................... 143

  h. Citra Arsitektural ............................................................................ 145

  3.2. ANALISA PENDEKATAN SISTEM BANGUNAN ......................................... 146

  3.2.1. Studi Sistem Struktur & Enclosure ..................................................... 146

  3.2.2. Studi Sistem Utilitas ........................................................................... 157

  a. Tangga........................................................................................... 157

  b. Lift .................................................................................................. 158

  c. Sistem Air Bersih ........................................................................... 159

  d. Sistem Distribusi Listrik .................................................................. 160

  e. Sistem Pengolahan Limbah ........................................................... 160

  f. Sistem Jaringan Telepon ................................................................ 166

  g. Sistem Jaringan Telekomunikasi ................................................... 166

  h. Sistem Penangkal Petir ................................................................. 167

  3.2.3. Studi Pemanfaatan Teknologi ............................................................ 168

  3.3. ANALISA KONTEKS LINGKUNGAN ........................................................... 175

  3.3.1. Analisa Pemilihan Lokasi ................................................................... 175

  3.3.2. Analisa Pemilihan Tapak .................................................................... 179

  

BAB IV. PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR ....................................................................... 189

  4.1. KONSEP PROGRAM .................................................................................. 189

  4.1.1. Aspek Citra ........................................................................................ 189

  4.1.2. Aspek Fungsi ..................................................................................... 190

  4.1.3. Aspek Teknologi ................................................................................ 190

  4.2. TUJUAN PERANCANGAN, FAKTOR PENENTU PERANCANGAN, FAKTOR PERSYARATAN PERANCANGAN .............................................................. 190

  4.2.1. Tujuan Perancangan (Design Objective) ........................................... 190

  4.2.2. Faktor Penentu Perancangan (Design Determinant) ......................... 191

  4.2.3. Faktor Persyaratan Perancangan (Design Requirement) .................. 192

  a. Persyaratan Arsitektur ................................................................... 192

  b. Persyaratan Bangunan .................................................................. 193

  c. Persyaratan Lingkungan ................................................................ 193

  4.3. PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR ........................................................................... 194

  4.3.1. Program Kegiatan .............................................................................. 194

  4.3.2. Program Sistem Struktur .................................................................... 198

  4.3.3. Progam Sistem Utilitas ....................................................................... 200

  4.3.4. Program Lokasi dan Tapak ................................................................ 203

  

BAB V. KAJIAN TEORI ......................................................................................... 209

  5.1. KAJIAN TEORI PENEKANAN/ TEMA DESAIN ........................................... 209

  5.1.1. Uraian Interprestasi dan Elaborasi Teori Tema Desain...................... 209

  5.1.2. Studi Preseden .................................................................................. 214

  5.1.3. Kemungkinan Penerapan Teori Tema Desain ................................... 216

  5.2. KAJIAN TEORI PERMASALAHAN DOMINAN ............................................ 218

  5.2.1. Uraian Interprestasi & Elaborasi Teori Permasalahan Dominan ........ 218

  5.2.2. Studi Preseden .................................................................................. 221

  5.2.3. Kemungkinan Penerapan Teori Permasalahan Dominan .................. 222

  

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ............................................................................................... 223

LAMPIRAN

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 2.1. Peralatan Umum Laboratorium .............................................................. 38Tabel 2.2. Pengelompokkan Mata Kuliah dan Sebaran SKS .................................. 46Tabel 2.3. Kurikulum D3 Anafarma ......................................................................... 47Tabel 2.4. Kurikulum D3 Farmasi ........................................................................... 50Tabel 2.5. Kurikulum S1 Farmasi ............................................................................ 53Tabel 2.6. Mata Kuliah Pilihan ................................................................................ 57Tabel 2.7. Kurikulum Profesi Apoteker.................................................................... 58Tabel 3.1. Kategori Pimpinan STIFAR .................................................................... 80Tabel 3.2. Kategori Karyawan STIFAR ................................................................... 85Tabel 3.3. Mahasiswa, Pengunjung/ Tamu ............................................................. 91Tabel 3.4. Jadwal Pelayanan Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Farmasi .................................... 97Tabel 3.5. Jadwal Kegiatan ..................................................................................... 97Tabel 3.6. Data Jumlah Mahasiswa Jurusan Farmasi di Semarang ...................... 98Tabel 3.7. Rata-rata Jumlah Mahasiswa Jurusan Farmasi (D3) ............................. 98Tabel 3.8. Rata-rata Jumlah Mahasiswa Jurusan Farmasi (D3) ............................. 99Tabel 3.9. Rata-rata Jumlah Mahasiswa Jurusan Farmasi (S1) ............................. 99Tabel 3.10. Rata-rata Jumlah Mahasiswa Jurusan Profesi Apoteker ..................... 100Tabel 3.11. Jumlah Pelaku di Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Farmasi (STIFAR) ................... 100Tabel 3.12. Time Slot D3 Farmasi ( SEMESTER GANJIL) ..................................... 102Tabel 3.13. Jumlah Slot untuk Ruang Kelas SEMESTER GANJIL ......................... 103Tabel 3.14. Jumlah Slot untuk Ruang Lab SEMESTER GANJIL ............................ 103Tabel 3.15. Time Slot D3 Farmasi ( SEMESTER GENAP) ..................................... 104Tabel 3.16. Jumlah Slot untuk Ruang Kelas SEMESTER GENAP ......................... 105Tabel 3.17. Jumlah Slot untuk Ruang Lab SEMESTER GENAP ............................ 105Tabel 3.18. Time Slot D3 Anafarma ( SEMESTER GANJIL) .................................. 105Tabel 3.19. Jumlah Slot untuk Ruang Kelas SEMESTER GANJIL ......................... 107Tabel 3.20. Jumlah Slot untuk Ruang Lab SEMESTER GANJIL ............................ 107Tabel 3.21. Time Slot D3 Anafarma ( SEMESTER GENAP) .................................. 107Tabel 3.22. Jumlah Slot untuk Ruang Kelas SEMESTER GENAP ......................... 108Tabel 3.23. Jumlah Slot untuk Ruang Lab SEMESTER GENAP ............................ 109Tabel 3.24. Time Slot S1 Farmasi ( SEMESTER GANJIL) ..................................... 109Tabel 3.25. Jumlah Slot untuk Ruang Kelas SEMESTER GANJIL ......................... 110Tabel 3.26. Jumlah Slot untuk Ruang Lab SEMESTER GANJIL ............................ 111Tabel 3.27. Time Slot S1 Farmasi ( SEMESTER GENAP) ..................................... 111Tabel 3.28. Jumlah Slot untuk Ruang Kelas SEMESTER GENAP ......................... 112Tabel 3.29. Jumlah Slot untuk Ruang Lab SEMESTER GENAP ............................ 113Tabel 3.30. Time Slot Progdi Profesi Apoteker ....................................................... 113Tabel 3.31. Jumlah Slot untuk Ruang Kelas Profesi Apoteker ................................ 113Tabel 3.32. Kebutuhan Slot Kelas 1 jam ................................................................. 114Tabel 3.33. Kebutuhan Slot Kelas 2 jam ................................................................. 114Tabel 3.34. Kebutuhan Slot Kelas 3 jam ................................................................. 114Tabel 3.35. Pengelompokan Ruang dan Sifat ........................................................ 117Tabel 3.36. Persyaratan Ruang .............................................................................. 120Tabel 3.37. Kebutuhan Luas Ruang ....................................................................... 130Tabel 3.38. Alternatif Struktur Pondasi ................................................................... 146Tabel 3.39. Alternatif Dinding .................................................................................. 150Tabel 3.40. Alternatif Lantai .................................................................................... 153Tabel 3.41. Alternatif Struktur Atap ......................................................................... 155Tabel 3.42. Analisa Lokasi BWK II .......................................................................... 175Tabel 3.43. Analisa Potensi dan Kendala ............................................................... 176Tabel 3.44. Analisa Lokasi BWK VI ........................................................................ 177Tabel 3.45. Analisa Potensi dan Kendala ............................................................... 178Tabel 3.46. Pemilihan Lokasi .................................................................................. 179Tabel 3.47. Kelebihan dan Kekurangan Tapak 1 .................................................... 181Tabel 3.48. Kelebihan dan Kekurangan Tapak 2 .................................................... 184Tabel 3.49. Penilaian Alternatif Tapak .................................................................... 187Tabel 4.1. Tabel Luas Bangunan ............................................................................ 194Tabel 4.2. Tabel Jenis Vegetasi dalam Bangunan .................................................. 204Tabel 4.3. Tabel Jenis Vegetasi di Luar Bangunan ................................................ 206Tabel 5.1. Hubungan Green Arcitecture dan Biophilic Architecture ........................ 210

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 1.1. Diagram Metoda Penyusunan dan Analisa ........................................ 7Gambar 1.2. Diagram Metoda Perancangan Arsitektur .......................................... 9Gambar 2.1. Lambang STIFAR, Yayasan Pharmasi Semarang ............................. 19Gambar 2.2. Struktur Organisasi STIFAR ............................................................... 27Gambar 2.3. Struktur Organisasi Program Studi .................................................... 28Gambar 2.4. Mikroskop ........................................................................................... 32Gambar 2.5. Timbangan Neraca ............................................................................ 32Gambar 2.6. Lemari Pengering ............................................................................... 32Gambar 2.7. Lemari Asam ...................................................................................... 33Gambar 2.8. Timbangan Elektrik ............................................................................ 33Gambar 2.9. Spectrophotometer ............................................................................ 33Gambar 2.10. Waterbath ........................................................................................ 34Gambar 2.11. Centrifuge ........................................................................................ 34Gambar 2.12. Rotarod Test .................................................................................... 34Gambar 2.13. Laminair Air Flow (LAF) ................................................................... 35Gambar 2.14. Inkubator .......................................................................................... 35Gambar 2.15. Enkas ............................................................................................... 35Gambar 2.16. Alat Uji Waktu Alir Granul ................................................................. 36Gambar 2.17. Alat Waktu Leleh Suppo ................................................................... 36Gambar 2.18. Brookfield ......................................................................................... 36Gambar 2.19. Friability Rotator Machine ................................................................ 37Gambar 2.20. Refraktometer .................................................................................. 37Gambar 2.21. Piknometer ....................................................................................... 37Gambar 2.22. Disolution Test ................................................................................. 37Gambar 2.23. Autoclave ......................................................................................... 38Gambar 2.24. Disintegration Tester ........................................................................ 38Gambar 2.25. Beaker Glass ................................................................................... 38Gambar 2.26. Batang Pengaduk ............................................................................ 39Gambar 2.27. Cawan Petri ..................................................................................... 39Gambar 2.28. Cawan Porselin ................................................................................ 39

  Gambar 2.29.Corong Kaca ..................................................................................... 39 Gambar 2.30.Erlenmeyer ........................................................................................ 39