THE EQUIVALENCE AND THE ACCEPTABILITY OF IRRITATION EXPRESSION TRANSLATION IN THE SUBTITLE OF THE FILM ICE AGE 3: DAWN OF THE DINOSAUR
THE EQUIVALENCE AND THE ACCEPTABILITY OF
IRRITATION EXPRESSION TRANSLATION IN THE SUBTITLE
OF THE FILM ICE AGE 3: DAWN OF THE DINOSAUR
AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS
Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters
By
MICHELLE APRIANA KURNIADI
Student Number: 084214039
THE EQUIVALENCE AND THE ACCEPTABILITY OF
IRRITATION EXPRESSION TRANSLATION IN THE SUBTITLE
OF THE FILM ICE AGE 3: DAWN OF THE DINOSAUR
AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS
Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters
By
MICHELLE APRIANA KURNIADI
Student Number: 084214039
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
First of all, I would like to thank God for all blessing and help before, during and after the process of writing this thesis.
Secondly, for the best of all, I would like to thank my thesis advisor, Adventina Putranti, S.S., M.Hum. for guiding me in every step and process with unlimited patience and guidance from the beginning until I finish the thesis.
Thirdly, I would also thank Dr. Francis Borgias Alip, M.Pd., M.A., my thesis co-advisor, for helping me by giving corrections and guidance in the process of writing this thesis.
Next, I would also thank my parents, my little brother, my lovely boyfriend Rony Wiryantha and his parents, for all of their prayers, love, support and encouragement so I can finish my thesis.
My thankfulness also goes to all respondents from Sanata Dharma University and Atmajaya University who have helped me by giving their time, knowledge and energy to answer my questionnaires and interviews.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGEB. Review of Related Theories …………………………………………. 9
A. Background of the Study ………………………………………..……. 1
B. Problem Formulation …………………………………………………. 5
C. Objectives of the Study ………………………………………………. 5
D. Definition of Terms …………………………………………….. …… 6
CHAPTER II: THEORETICAL REVIEW
………………………………… 8 A. Review of Related Studies …………………………………………... 8
1. Theory of Translation …………………………………………… 9
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
a. The Definition of Translation ………………………………... 9
b. Film Translation ……………………………………………... 11
c. Translation Equivalence ……………………………………… 12
d. Problems of Translation ……………………………………… 13
e. Translation Acceptability …………………………………….. 14
2. Theory of Speech Act …………………………………………… 15
…………………………………………….. 1
…………………………………………………………………… xi
………………………………………………..…………………. i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
APPROVAL PAGE
………………………………………………...................... ii
ACCEPTANCE PAGE
………………………………………………………… iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
…………………………………………………… v
……………………………………………………… vi
ABSTRAK
LIST OF TABLES
…………………………………………………………….. viii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
………………………………………………… ix
ABSTRACT
……………………………………………………….................... x
C. Theoretical Framework ……………………………………………… 18
2. Data Collection …………………………………………………. 22
CHAPTER IV: METHODOLOGY
………………………………………… 27
A. Translation Equivalence ……………………………………………. 28
1. Equivalent Translatio n …………………………………………. 28
B. Translation Acceptability …………………………………………… 43
1. Acceptable Translation …………………………………………. 43
a. Acceptable without Visual Aspect …………………………... 43
b. Acceptable and Sup ported by Visual Aspect………………… 48
2. Not Acceptable Translation …………………………………….. 51
3. Data Analysis …………………………………………………… 23
2. Not Equivalent Translation …………………………………….. 36
C. The Relation between the Equivalence and the Acceptability …..
60 Appendix 2: The Result of Equivalence and
Acceptability Analysis ……………………………….
63
60 Appendix 1: List of Subtitles and Their Translation ……………...
58 APPENDICES ………………………………………………………………..
53 CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION ……………………………………………..
56 BIBLIOGRAPHY ……………………………………………………………
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1. Example of the Questionnaires to Asses
22 s the Equivalence ………….
23 Table 2. Example of the Questionnaires to Assess the Acceptability ………...
24 Table 3. The Indicator of Equivalence ………………………………………..
26 Table 4. The Indicator of Acceptability ………………………………………. Table 5. The Number of Equivalent
53 and Not Equivalent Subtitle……………. Table 6. The Number of Acceptable Subtitle ……………………………………. 54
54 Table 7. The Result of Equivalence and Acceptability Analysis ……………..
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
A : Acceptable Ang : Anger Ano : Annoyance E : Equivalent NA : Not Acceptable NE : Not Equivalent SL : Source Language ST : Source Text TL : Target Language TT : Target Text
VA : Visual Aspect
ABSTRACT
MICHELLE APRIANA KURNIADI. The Equivalence and the
Acceptability of Irritation Expression Translation in the Subtitle of the FilmIce
Age 3: Dawn of the Dinosaur. Yogyakarta: English Department, Faculty of Letters,
Sanata Dharma University, 2012.This research focuses onexamining the equivalence and acceptability of a film subtitle. The film which is the object of this research is Ice Age 3: Dawn of the
Dinosaur .However, the data are not taken from the whole dialogue, but only the parts
containing expressions of irritation including expression of anger and annoyance found in the film.
There are three problems discussed in this research. The first problem is the equivalence of the subtitle compared to the source language text (film dialogue). The second problem is the acceptability of the subtitle to the audience. The third problem is how the equivalence of the translation is related to the acceptability in this research.
The empirical research is the method of this research. The empirical method is done by collecting the data of this research and giving some questionnaires to some res pondents to support the researcher‟s analysis.
Based from the research done to the film Ice Age Dawn of the Dinosaur, there are 25 utterances of irritation found in the film. Expressions of irritation consist of 2 expressions: expressions of anger and expressions of annoyance. From the analysis of equivalence, there are 17 equivalent translations and 8 non-equivalent translations. Besides, based on the analysis of acceptability done to the subtitle, there are 12 expressions of irritation which are acceptable without the visual aspect of the film; 12 expressions of irritation which eventually become acceptable because supported by the visual aspect of the film; and 1 not-acceptable translation.Based from both findings of equivalence and acceptability, there are 3 conclusions of this research. The first conclusion is that the equivalence translation will produce acceptable
ABSTRAK
MICHELLE APRIANA KURNIADI. The Equivalence and the
Acceptability of Irritation Expression Translation in the Subtitle of the Film Ice
Age 3: Dawn of the Dinosaur. Yogyakarta: Jurusan Sastra Inggris, Fakultas Sastra,
Universitas Sanata Dharma 2012.Penelitian ini berfokus pada memeriksa kesepadanan dan keberterimaan sebuat subtitle film. Film yang menjadi obyek penelitian ini adalah Ice Age 3: Dawn
of the Dinosaur . Tetapi, data yang menjadi obyek penelitian tidak diambil dari
keseluruhan dialog, tapi hanya ekspresi kejengkelan yang meliputi ekspresi marah dan kejengkelan yang ditemukan didalam film tersebut.
Ada 3 masalah yang dibahas di penelitian ini. Masalah yang pertama adalah kesepandanan subtitle tersebut apabila dibandingkan dengan teks asli film tersebut. Masalah yang kedua adalah keberterimaan subtitle tersebut terhadap penonton. Dan masalah yang ketiga adalah bagaimana kesepadanan terjemahan tersebut berhubungan dengan keberterimaan di dalam peneitian ini.
Penelitian empiris adalah metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Metode penelitian empiris dilakukan dengan mengumpulkan data penelitian dan memberikan beberapa kuesioner kepada beberapa responden untuk mendukung analisis peneliti.
Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan terhadap film Ice Age Dawn of the terdapat 25 ucapan kejengkelan yang ditemukan di film. Ekspresi
Dinosaur,
kejengkelan terdiri dari 2 ekspresi; ekpresi kemarahan dan ekspresi kejengkelan. Dari analisis kesepadanan, ada 17 terjemahan yang sepadan dan 8 terjemahan yang tidak sepadan. Selain itu, berdasarkan analisis keberterimaan yang dilakukan, ada 12 ucapan kejengkelan yang berterima tanpa dukungan aspek visual film; 12 ucapan yang menjadi berterima karena dukungan aspek visual film; dan 1 terjemahan yang tidak berterima. Berdasarkan temuan diatas tentang kesepadanan dan keberterimaan,
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Study Translation activity has been done since a long time ago. It was done in
ancient time between communities which were engaged in an international trade. The communities were spread in different nations and continents with different language.
Therefore, translation has been needed since that period of time until now to communicate between one language to another. In short, translation is needed in communication activity between different languages.
Nowadays, the advancement in technology shows the importance and the necessity of translation as a tool for communication, especially in entertainment.
Translation activity can be seen in documentary films, films, short-films, VCD, DVDand other kinds of audiovisual communication. Film is a popular medium to interact with different people from different places to learn their culture, behavior and language. People from all over the world, old and young, female and male watch movies to entertain themselves and to give them more knowledge about the latest information. Nowadays, many people like to watch documentary films, films, short- films because they are entertaining and people can get them easily from internet, TV inwatching film, especially foreign films. The diversity of language is not a big obstacle for the audience, because those foreign films are now equipped with the translation. The translation can be in the form of text (subtitle) or in the form of voice substitution (dubbing).
The excessive number of films with their translations shown in some TV stations will arouse a question whether the quality of the translation in the form of subtitle and dubbing is good or not. This problem gives an idea to the writer to make a research about foreign film translation into Indonesian, especially in the form of subtitle.
The film that is chosento be the object of this research is entitled Ice Age 3:
Dawn of the Dinosaur. This movie is chosen because the sequel of Ice Age the movie
is one of the most popular animation movies which iswatched by people in all over the world. Therefore, the equivalence and the acceptability of the subtitle can be perfect objects to be researched.
th
This movie wasproduced by Blue Sky Studios and distributed by 20 Century
st
Fox. This movie was released on July 1 2009. This movie is about the adventure of a group of animals consists of Manny and Ellie the Mammoth, Diego the Tiger, Crash and Eddie the Possum, and Buck the Weasel. They want to find and save their friend is not enough. The translator should consider the influence of culture in which the movie is produced, so that the audience with different cultural background can understand the context. Second, the visual aspects of the film (for example the image, facial expression, gestures, speech) are also important to make the audience more understand about the subtitle and the context. However, since the film used in this research is an animated movie, the facial expressions and the gestures of the characters are not naturally done by humans. They are created by the animators as natural as possible so that they look like human‟s imitation. Therefore, the visual aspects (facial expressions and gestures of the characters) can be used to help the audience understand the subtitle and the context of the film. In short, subtitle translation must consider the language aspect and non-language aspect (culture and visual aspect).
The writer focuses on the translation of dialogue in the film in a form of subtitle. The dialogue of the SL will be taken from the original script of the film, and the TL subtitle will be taken from the original VCD in Indonesian published by PT. Vision Interprima Pictures.The equivalence and the acceptability of the film subtitle (in Indonesian) in Ice Age 3:Dawn of the Dinosaurswill be analyzed. Roger T. Bell (1991:6) states that the meaning of equivalent is when the message of the SL text is text is not in contradiction with the TL culture and it is understandable to the audience. The word understandable means the translation used in the TL is commonly used in everyday language and the audience can easily understand the context. The context understood by the audience should be the same with the context in the SL.
So, acceptability will also consider the understanding or response of the audience (Hatim, 2001:117).
The acceptability will also considers the non-language aspects (visual aspects) such as intonations, utterances, gestures, facial expressions, settings, and time. Those visual aspects are also necessary in judging the acceptability of the subtitle, because they can help the audience to understand the film even though the subtitle is not equivalence or is not translated at all.
This research focuses on the translation of utterances of irritation in the form of subtitle. In Oxford Learner‟s Dictionary, the word irritated means annoyed or angry. Therefore, the utterances of irritation can include the expression of annoyance and anger. This kind of utterances is chosen because the way a certain group of people express their feelings are different from other group with other culture.And since in the film Ice Age 3: Dawn of the Dinosaur there are a lot of expressive expressions, so this film is chosen to be the object of this research.
B. Problem Formulation
The problems that the writer would like to analyze in her study are as follows:
1. Howis the equivalenceof theutterances of irritationin Indonesian subtitle compared to the dialogue ofthe film Ice Age 3: Dawn of the Dinosaur?
2. How acceptable are the subtitleof utterances of irritation in the film Ice Age 3:
Dawn of the Dinosaur ?
3. How is the translation equivalence related to the acceptability of the subtitle in this research?
C. Objectives of the Study
The first problem is to find out whether the utterances of irritation found in the subtitle of Ice Age 3: Dawn of the Dinosaurthe movie are equivalent to the SL dialogue or not. The equivalence includes onhow the utterances can be transferredequivalently from verbal language into written form without any missing information or any other problem of equivalence. In determining the equivalence, the data will be analyzed and classified into two big categorizes; they are equivalent and non-equivalent.
The second problem is to find out the acceptability of the subtitle seen from are acceptable and not-acceptable. To judge whether the subtitle is acceptable and equivalent or not, the visual aspects of the film will also be considered.
The third problem formulation is to find how the equivalence of the translation can be related to the acceptability of the subtitle in this research.
D. Definition of Terms
1. Equivalence
Generally, Roger T. Bell (1991:6) states that “Translation is the replacement of a representation of a text in one language by a representation of an equivalent text in a second language”. In other word, equivalence means the TL and the SL text must convey the same message.
2. Acceptability
A translation is acceptable when the translation can be accepted in the TL by adapting the translation with the culture and norms of the TL (Munday, 2001:112). In short, the translation is acceptable if the TL audience can understand the translation (the translation text is not in contradiction with the TL culture).
3. Subtitle According to Szarkowska, film translation can be divided into two forms. lines of text on the screen. A subtitle can help the audience to understand the dialogues spoken in the film by the characters.
4. Expressive Illocutionary Act
Speech act is defined by John Langshaw Austin as the actions performed in saying something (Cutting, 2003:16). He says that the action performed when an utterance is produced can be analyzed on three different levels; they are locutionary act, illocutionary act, and perlocutionary act (Levinson, 1983:236).
Illocutionary act, which is used in this research, can be defined as the expression of a proposition with the purpose of doing something else (Yule, 1996:48).
CHAPTER II THEORETICAL REVIEW A. Review of Related Studies In writing this research, there are some studies that are used in order to give some ideas and considerations to develop this research. Hilda Dina Santoja from Sanata Dharma University has made a research
entitled
The Subtitling of Sherwood Baptist Church’s Facing the Giants: its accuracy,
its acceptability and effects to the viewers . She observes and analyzes how accurate
and acceptable the translation of the subtitling of this movie is when compared to the spoken dialogues. She also examines the effects towards the viewers with the existence of the subtitling. She conducts a combination of empirical and library research to do the research.
The second research is from AdventinaPutranti from SebelasMaret Surakarta University. She has made a research entitled
Film
„KajianTerjemahanTindakIlokusiEkspresifdalamTeksTerjemahan “American Beauty”. In her research, she wants to study the translation of the expressive translation when it issupported by the visual aspects of film. Meanwhile, the unacceptable translation is caused by non-equivalent translation that is not supported by the visual aspects of the film, and when the source text is not translated at all.
Based on the explanations before, the writer wants to develop the other studies that have been studied before. First, the equivalence of the utterances of irritation in the subtitle will be searched by comparing the dialogue in SL and TL and also by considering the visual aspects of the Ice Age 3 Dawn of the Dinosaurs the movie. Second, the acceptability of the subtitle will be found out by distributing the questionnaires to the respondents and search whether the respondents understand the subtitle or not and whether the subtitle can be accepted to the TL culture or not. And the third, the result of the analysis will prove how the equivalence of the translation is related to the acceptability in this research.
B. Review of Related Theories
1. Theory of Translation
a. The Definition of Translation
In Approaches to Translation, Newmark (1981:7) states that a translation is an attempt to replace written message and/or statement in one language by the same
From the definition above, it can be concluded that translation is a skill in communicating the message that is delivered from the source language to the target language by paying attention to the non-linguistic aspects such as social custom or culture that is applied in a certain language. A translator should focus on both the text form and the message, so there will be no deviation caused by different understanding in social context between the native of the SL and the native of the TL.
In the context of film translation, Schwarz mentions some more aspects that a translator must pay attention in translating a film. Film is a form of text that is made and supported by other aspects, such as linguistic, non-linguistic, and artistic of the film. So in film, not all messages are delivered in verbal or spoken utterances.
Therefore to transfer the meaning, a translator must pay attention to the non-verbal aspects, such as facial expression of the speaker, gestures and body language.
Beside those aspects, Schwarz also mentions another limitation in film translation. There are limitation in space and time in producing a subtitle. Limitation in space and time has a meaning that there is only one or two lines provided for 35 characters in every 1-11 seconds. Because of the limitation, the acceptability of a translation can not be judged by the accuracy of the sentence structure, language style and choice of words, but it is more emphasized on the same understanding of the
b. Film Translation
Barbara Schwarz says that film has a special characteristic which is the source language is in a spoken form and combined with the non-verbal visual elements and other artistic elements. To translate the film dialogue, it is impossible if the translator only translates the spoken utterances, but he must put the non-verbal visual elements into the text of target language.
In film translation, the translator must emphasize on the equivalence of the source language and the target language, especially on the respond of both audience of SL and TL that must be similar (Nida& Taber, 1974:28). In making a good subtitle, there is an artistic requirement that must be fulfilled.
TiinaHakkinen states that there is limitation of space and time that becomes the main problem in making a subtitle. Hakkinen explains that the change of communication channel causes a reduction of information because of the diversity in the speed of listening and speed of reading. Schwarz says that a good subtitle must be in two lines written on the bottom of the screen. Each line consists of less than 35 characters including letter, space, and mark. So, in transferring the message, a translator must select the information that should be maintained and the information that can be reduced. In short, a translator must interpret the whole message without
c. Translation Equivalence
Generally, Roger T. Bell (1991:6) states that “Translation is the replacement of a representation of a text in one language by a representation of an equivalent text in a second language”. In other word, equivalent means the TL and the SL text must convey the same message. According to Nida and Taber (1964: 159), there are two kinds of equivalence, formal and dynamic equivalences.
Formal equivalence : focuses on the message itself, in both form and content.
One is concerned that the message in the TL should match as closely as possible the different elements in the SL (Nida in Munday, 2008: 42). It means that formal equivalence is thus closely oriented towards the ST structure, which contributes a strong influence in determining the accuracy and correctness (Munday, 2008: 42).
Dynamic equivalence : is based on the principle of equivalent effect, where 'the
relationship between the TT audience and the TT message should be substantially the same as that which existed between the ST audience and the ST message'. The goal of dynamic equivalence is „seeking the closest natural equivalent to the ST message‟ (Nida in Munday, 2008: 42).
The concept of dynamic equivalence for Nida does not only consist of the word translation, but as Nida‟s Dynamic Equivalence theory says, that the equivalent is seen from the TT that transfers the same context or expression as in the ST.
d. Problems of Translation
In translation, misunderstanding toward the meaning of words or expression will cause meaning shift in the translation text. Therefore, a translator should master the SL and TL to find the equivalent meaning in translation process. Mona Baker (1992:21-25) classifies some problems of non-equivalence at word level. They are: 1.
Culture-specific concepts: this problem relates to a concept which is totally unknown in the TL, such as culture, religious belief, and type of food.
2. The source-language concept is not lexicalized in the TL: The SL word may express a concept which is known in the target culture but there is no word in the TL to express it.
3. The source-language word is semantically complex: It happens when a SL word is semantically complex, so when there is no equivalent word in TL to replace it, a translator should describe it in a phrase or sentence.
4. The source and target languages make different distinctions in meaning: even though there is a relevant word in TL, different concept between TL speaker
6. The target language lacks a specific term: the lack of specific terms makes it difficult to find the relevant word.
7. Differences in physical or interpersonal perspective: the characteristic between the speakers in a society that use certain language will cause a difficulty in finding the correspondence.
8. Differences in expressive meaning: there may be a TL word which has the same propositional meaning as the SL word, but it may have different intensity of emotion between SL and TL.
9. Differences in form: there is often no equivalent in the TL for a particular form in the source text.
10. Differences in frequency and purpose of using specific forms: even when a particular form has an equivalent in TL, there may be a problem caused by the different frequency when it is used.
11. The use of loan words in the ST: loan words are used to preserve a meaning that does not exist in the ST.
e. Translation Acceptability
A translation is acceptable when the translation can be accepted in the TL by Another definition, acceptability is the situation where the TT is expressed in the natural form of the TL (Larson, 1984: 10). So, acceptability depends on the TT readers and it is closely related to the natural translation.Naturalness in this term means that the language used in the translation is commonly used in the TL culture (natural) and it is understandable to the audience. In other words, the translation used in the TL should be commonly used in everyday language, so that the audience can easily understand the context. The context understood by the audience should be the same with the context inferred in the SL. So, acceptability will also consider the understanding or response of the audience (Hatim, 2001:117).
In finding the acceptability of a film subtitle, the visual aspects such as intonation, utterances, gestures, facial expression, setting, time, and different context of culture between SL and TL should be considered. Those visual aspects are also necessary in judging the acceptability of the subtitle, because they can help the audience to understand the film even though the subtitle is not equivalence or is not translated at all.
2. Theory of Speech Act
certain conditions is a speech act, and speech acts are the basic or minimal units of linguistic communication.
Speech act is defined by John Langshaw Austin (1962) as the actions performed in saying something (Cutting, 2003:16). Austin also adds that the action performed when an utterance is produced can be analyzed on three different levels; they are locutionary act, illocutionary act, and perlocutionary act (Levinson, 1983:236). A locutionary act is the basic act of utterance, or producing meaningful linguistics expression (Yule, 1996:48).
An illocutionary is the expression of a proposition with the purpose of doing something else, for example the sentence: Could you pass me the salt, please? This sentence i mplies the speaker‟s action of ordering someone to pass the salt to the speaker. Informing, ordering, warning, undertaking can be included in this act.
A perlocutionary act gives more effect to the hearer, which means by saying those utterances, we assumed that the hearer will react as we intended. In other words, perlocutionary act has purposes to change the hearer‟s mind. It includes persuading, inspiring, and deterring.
From the definition above, it can be concluded that illocutionary act is an act that has a force (illocutionary force) which makes the speaker to do something when of speech act is usually used in a situation where the speaker has an authority upon the statement and the person spoken to. It also depends on the place where the statement is spoken to make this statement communicative. For example, a teacher may say to his student, you are late in this class, while in other places (such as in the student‟s home), the teacher does not have any right to say that sentence to the student.
2. Representative: a speech act that state what the speaker believes to be the case, such as describing, climbing, hypothesizing, insisting, and predicting. This is different from the way declarations work. Someone says a sentence like,
it’s going to
be a hot season, it does not have to prove the truth of the sentence itself. In this case,
what is right or wrong, but more about what the speaker is certain about.
3. Expressive: a speech act that state what the speaker feels and it can be statements of joy, dislike, pain, sorrow, etc. Expressive speech act appears quite often in daily situation, where this kind of speech act represents the speaker‟s feeling through the statement that is spoken out. For example the woman says I really like
your dress shows her feeling toward the object she means. Expressive speech act
usually more concerns about the speaker rather than the object that is spoken to or about, and the effect it has toward the hearer is not as significant as the effect expected by the speaker. Directives can be in form of both direct and indirect speech act. For orders, requests, and suggestions, the speaker states mostly in indirect speech act, while for commands usually the speaker states directly to the hearer.
5. Commissive: a speech act that the speaker uses to commit themselves to some future actions. They can be promise, threat, refusal, pledges, and they can be spoken by the speaker alone, or by the speaker as the member of a group. This kind of speech act contains the speaker‟s plan toward something or someone that is spoken to.
From the five kinds of illocutionary acts above, the expressive illocutionary act will be chosen to be discussed in this research. The reason is because in the Ice
Age 3 Dawn of the Dinosaurs the movie; there are a lot of utterances of expression
said by the character in the story. And in specific, the expression of irritation will be analyzed in this research.
C. Theoretical Framework
The theories applied in this research are the theory of translation and theory of speech act. Those theories are divided into several parts. The first theory on the definition of translation helps the writer to understand the meaning of translation. The text or dialogue of the original in English into Indonesian. The problem of translation theory is used to describe some problems that often occur in translation. The acceptability theory is used to determine whether the subtitle is acceptable or not by seeing if the text is acceptable in the TL culture, the naturalness of the subtitle and also the visual aspects of the film.
The theory on speech act discusses the meaning of speech acts and kinds of speech act, especiallyexpressive illocutionary act that is used in this research.This theory is used to find utterances of irritation in the film dialogue and the subtitle.
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY A. Object of the Study This research focuses on the translation of the dialogue in the film in a form
of subtitle. The dialogue of the SL is taken from the original script of the film, and the TL subtitle is taken from the original VCD in Indonesian published by PT. Vision Interprima Pictures. But the data is not taken from the whole dialogue, but only the expressions of irritation including expression of anger and annoyance found in the film. The equivalence and the acceptability of the expressions of irritation in the film
Ice Age 3:Dawn of the Dinosaurs, which are translated into the subtitle in
Indonesian,are the objects of this research.B. Approach of the Study
This research uses the pragmatics as the approach of this study. Pragmatics is used because it studies about meaning and its context.Stalnaker (1972, inHatim and Mason, 1990: 59) states that
“Pragmatics is the study of purposes for which sentences are used, under which a sentence may be appropriately used as an utterance”. In short,
C. Method of the Study
This undergraduate thesis usedempirical method.This method was done by collecting the data and giving some questionnaires to some respondents to assess the equivalence and the acceptability of the data. After giving the questionnaires, the respondents were interviewed to verify the data.
1. Kinds of Data
The data in this research are divided into two types. They are: a. Objective Data
Objective data consist of the expressions of irritation taken from the film Ice
Age 3: Dawn of the Dinosaur (in English) and the subtitle in Indonesianis taken from
the original VCD.b.
Affective Data In order to get the affective data, the writer analyzes the data and distributessome questionnaires to some respondentswhich are used to support the analysis. The questionnaires to assess the equivalence is distributed to 3 English letters students who meet some criteria: (1) master English and Indonesian, (2) have
(2) love watching movies supported by subtitles. The criteria given to each kind of questionnaire are made so that the respondents‟ assessmentsare qualified.
2. Data Collection
In order to get the text film dialogue and subtitle text, the writer studied the film Ice Age 3: Dawn of the Dinosaur and collected the film dialogue in SL (English) and subtitle text in Indonesian (TL). The step of classification was done to find out the expressive utterances found in the film dialogue and subtitle text. From this step, there are 25 expressions of irritationwhich is found that includes expressions of anger and annoyance.
After collecting all the dialogue and the subtitle, the writer collected the secondary data through questionnaires. The data questioned in the questionnaires were taken by taking samples. The sampleswere taken by purposive sampling, so that the data could represent the information that is needed in this research. The questionnaires for assessing the equivalence needed both the SL text and TL text, while the questionnaires for assessing the acceptability needed only the TT. The examples of the questionnaires are given below:
Table 1. Example of the Questionnaires to Assess the Equivalence The table above shows the questionnaires to assess the equivalence. The respondents were asked to compare the SL text and TL text and judge whether the utterance is equivalent or not. The equivalence is determined from the meaning equivalence.
Table 2. Example of the Questionnaires to Assess the Acceptability Accepta- bility Visual
No. Character Target Language Comment Aspect
A NA
2. Neighbor Tahusiapa yang (Scene 1) maukutendang?
The table above shows the questionnaires to assess the acceptability. The respondents were asked to analyze the TL subtitle; judge whether the utterance is acceptable or not and whether the visual aspects are important in delivering the message or not. The acceptability is determined from the audience‟s understanding.
3. Data Analysis
The data analysis was done to the SL dialogue of Ice Age 3: Dawn of the
Therefore, the first problem of equivalence could be answered by seeing the meaning equivalence from SL to TL and also considered the visual aspects of the film. From the data analysis, some aspects that cause the meaning non-equivalence between SL and TL text were also observed. The utterance is not equivalent if the meaning in TL is not the same as in the SL. The problem of not-equivalence can be caused for example if the message is reduced (loss), there is additional message (gain), and there is a mistranslation, which can give different message as in the SL. Some questionnaires were also distributed to translation students so they could be used to support the analysis of equivalence. The questionnaire for assessing the equivalence contained both the SL and the TL. The respondents were asked to give a check ( ) based on the indicator of equivalence. The indicator of equivalence below is formulated by the researcher according to the theory of equivalence. The table of equivalence indicator is as follow:
Table 3.The Indicator of Equivalence
Category THE INDICATOR OF EQUIVALENCE
The message content in the SL is as same as in the TL (equal). There is Equivalent no missing message, additionalmessage and/or mistranslate in the TL.
The message content in the SL is different from the TL. There is Next, to answer the second problem, the writer analyzed the data once again and distributed some questionnaires to find out the acceptability of the subtitle from the audience. These questionnaires were used to assess the acceptabilityof expressions of irritationin the subtitle. The respondents were asked to give a check ( )to the acceptable and not-acceptable column.Based on the theory of acceptable (in the chapter 2), it can be said that the translation is acceptable if the translation text is not in contradiction with the TL culture and the TL audience can understand the translation. The audience‟s understanding can be seen from two factors. The text is normally used in everyday language and the audience can get the same message as what is inferred in the source language text.