ANALISIS DAN PERANCANGAN DATA WAREHOUSE PENJUALAN DAN PEMBELIAN PADA PT. ARBE STYRINDO - Binus e-Thesis
Jurusan Teknik Informatika Program Studi Database
Skripsi Sarjana Komputer Semester Ganjil tahun 2007/2008
ANALISIS DAN PERANCANGAN DATA WAREHOUSE
PENJUALAN DAN PEMBELIAN
PADA PT. ARBE STYRINDO
Iswanto (0800750363) Fike Inda Gunawan (0800779370) Leonardi (0800782693) Kelas/Kelompok : 07PAT / 10Abstrak Tujuan penelitian ialah menganalisis sistem yang sedang berjalan untuk menemukan permasalahan yang sedang dihadapi oleh perusahaan dan mengusulkan alternatif pemecahan masalah, menganalisis database yang ada pada perusahaan untuk mendapatkan informasi yang diperlukan, merancang data warehouse untuk mengintegrasikan data-data yang ada dalam perusahaan sehingga didapatkan suatu informasi yang bersifat global (menyeluruh) dan menghasilkan suatu aplikasi yang memudahkan pengguna dalam menggunakan dan berinteraksi dengan data warehouse. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode analisis dan metode perancangan data
warehouse . Metode analisis yang dilakukan melalui tahap survey atas sistem yang
sedang berjalan, analisis sistem yang sedang berjalan, analisis kelemahan sistem yang sedang berjalan, identifikasi permasalahan sistem yang sedang berjalan, dan analisis pemecahan masalah. Metode perancangan data warehouse dilakukan dengan menerapkan 9 langkah (Nine-Step Methodology) yang digunakan Ralph Kimball dalam merancang skema bintang. Hasil yang dicapai adalah data-data diperusahaan yang heterogen menjadi terintegrasi dan data warehouse yang menyediakan informasi bersifat
global yang dapat dilihat dari berbagai sudut pandang sehingga berguna bagi eksekutif
perusahaan dalam pengambilan keputusan. Simpulan dari penulisan skripsi ini adalah dengan adanya data warehouse pengaksesan informasi menjadi lebih mudah karena data-data yang dibutuhkan sudah tersedia dan sangat membantu para eksekutif dalam pengambilan keputusan-keputusan yang bersifat strategis secara cepat dan tepat.
Kata Kunci
Data warehouse, ETL, skema bintang, metadata
Puji syukur penulis panjatkan ke hadirat Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, berkat karuniaNya jualah penulis dapat menyelesaikan skripsi ini tepat pada waktunya. Skripsi yang disusun ini merupakan hasil analisis dan perancangan data warehouse untuk PT. Arbe Styrindo. Skripsi yang berjudul “Analisis dan Perancangan Data Warehouse Penjualan dan Pembelian pada PT. Arbe Styrindo” ini dibuat sebagai salah satu syarat kelulusan pada jenjang pendidikan Strata-1 jurusan Teknik Informatika pada Universitas Bina Nusantara. Dengan selesainya skripsi ini, penulis mengucapkan terima kasih yang sebesar-besarnya kepada:
PRAKATA
- Bapak Prof. Dr. Gerardus Polla, M.App.Sc., selaku Rektor Universitas Bina Nusantara.
- Bapak Ir. Sablin Yusuf, M.Sc., M.Comp.Sc., selaku Dekan Fakultas Ilmu Komputer Universitas Bina Nusantara.
- Bapak Fredy Purnomo, S.Kom., M.Kom., selaku Ketua Jurusan Teknik Informatika Uniersitas Bina Nusantara.
- Ibu Henny Surya Ningsih, S.Kom., MsoftSysEng., selaku Sekretaris Jurusan Teknik Informatika.
- Bapak H. Mohammad Subekti, BE, M.Sc., selaku Dosen Pembimbing yang telah banyak memberikan saran dan bimbingan dalam mengarahkan penulisan skripsi ini.
- Pimpinan dan seluruh staf PT. Arbe Styrindo yang telah banyak membantu dalam memberikan informasi yang sangat bermanfaat dalam penulisan skripsi ini.
- Seluruh staf pengajar Jurusan Teknik Informatika Bina Nusantara yang telah memberikan ilmu pengetahuan dan bimbingan selama penulis menuntut ilmu di Universitas Bina Nusantara.
- Orang tua beserta keluarga yang telah memberi dukungan moral maupun material yang tak ternilai harganya.
- Seluruh rekan dan pihak yang telah banyak membantu penyusunan skripsi ini baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung yang tidak dapat disebutkan satu persatu. Penulis menyadari bahwa masih terdapat banyak kekurangan dalam penulisan skripsi ini karena keterbatasan pengetahuan dan pengalaman penulis, sehingga skripsi ini masih jauh dari sempurna. Oleh karena itu, kritik dan saran yang ditujukan untuk menyempurnakan skripsi ini sangat diperlukan dan diharapkan.
Akhir kata, penulis mohon maaf jika ada kata-kata yang kurang berkenan di hati. Semoga skripsi ini bisa bermanfaat bagi PT. Arbe Styrindo maupun pembaca.
Jakarta, 17 Januari 2008 Penulis
DAFTAR ISI
Halaman Judul Luar ............................................................................................................. i Halaman Judul Dalam ......................................................................................................... ii Halaman Persetujuan Hardcover .......................................................................................iii Halaman Pernyataan Dewan Penguji ................................................................................. iv DAFTAR ISI....................................................................................................................viii DAFTAR TABEL............................................................................................................xiii DAFTAR GAMBAR ....................................................................................................... xvi DAFTAR LAMPIRAN.................................................................................................... xix
BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN .................................................................................................. 1
1.1 Latar Belakang .........................................................................................................1
1.2 Ruang Lingkup.........................................................................................................3
1.3 Tujuan dan Manfaat .................................................................................................3
1.4 Metodologi ...............................................................................................................4
1.5 Sistematika Penulisan ..............................................................................................5
BAB 2 LANDASAN TEORI.............................................................................................. 7
2.1 Pengertian Data Warehouse .....................................................................................7
2.2 Karakteristik Data Warehouse .................................................................................8
2.2.1 Subject Oriented................................................................................................8
2.2.2 Integrated ..........................................................................................................9
2.2.3 Non-Volatile ....................................................................................................10
2.2.4 Time-Variant ...................................................................................................11
2.3 Struktur Data Warehouse .......................................................................................12
2.3.1 Current Detailed Data ....................................................................................13
2.3.2 Old Detailed Data ...........................................................................................14
2.3.3 Lightly Summarized Data................................................................................14
2.3.4 Highly Summarized Data ................................................................................14
2.4 Metadata.................................................................................................................15
2.5 Arsitektur Data Warehouse ....................................................................................16
2.6 Anatomi Data Warehouse ......................................................................................18
2.6.1 Data Warehouse Terpusat...............................................................................18
2.6.2 Data Warehouse Terdistribusi ........................................................................18
2.7 Metodologi Perancangan Data Warehouse ............................................................19
2.8 Konsep Pemodelan Data warehouse ......................................................................21
2.8.1 Skema Bintang (Star Schema) ........................................................................21
2.8.2 Skema Snowflake ............................................................................................25
2.8.3 Skema Starflake ..............................................................................................27
2.9 ETL (Extract, Transform, Load) ............................................................................27
2.9.1 Extract .............................................................................................................28
2.9.2 Transform........................................................................................................28
2.9.3 Loading ...........................................................................................................30
2.9 Definisi Penjualan dan Pembelian .........................................................................31
2.9.1 Penjualan .........................................................................................................31
2.9.2 Pembelian........................................................................................................32
BAB 3 ANALISIS SISTEM BERJALAN........................................................................ 34
3.1 Riwayat Perusahaan ...............................................................................................34
3.2.1 Struktur Organisasi .........................................................................................35
3.2.2 Pembagian Tanggung Jawab...........................................................................37
3.3 Analisis Proses Bisnis ............................................................................................41
3.3.1 Pembelian Barang ...........................................................................................41
3.3.2 Penjualan Barang ............................................................................................43
3.4 Analisis Database ...................................................................................................45
3.4.1 Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD)...............................................................45
3.4.2 Kamus Data.....................................................................................................47
3.5 Analisis Kebutuhan Data dan Informasi ................................................................66
3.6 Permasalahan yang Dihadapi .................................................................................67
3.7 Alternatif Pemecahan Masalah ..............................................................................68
BAB 4 PERANCANGAN DATA WAREHOUSE .......................................................... 69
4.1 Arsitektur Data Warehouse ....................................................................................69
4.2 Perancangan ...........................................................................................................70
4.2.1 Memilih proses (Choosing the process)..........................................................71
4.2.2 Memilih grain (Choosing the grain)...............................................................73
4.2.3 Identifikasi dan membuat dimensi yang sesuai (Identifying and conforming
the dimenions ) ..........................................................................................................74
4.2.4 Memilih fakta (Choosing the facts).................................................................75
4.2.5 Menyimpan pre-kalkulasi dalam tabel fakta (Storing pre-calculations in the
fact table ) .................................................................................................................76
4.2.6 Melengkapi tabel dimensi (Rounding out the dimension tables) ...................78
4.2.7 Memilih durasi dari basis data (Choosing the duration of the database) .......85
4.2.8 Melacak perubahan dari dimensi secara perlahan (Tracking slowly changing
dimensions ) ..............................................................................................................86
4.2.9 Memutuskan prioritas dan mode dari query (Deciding the query priorities and
the query modes ) ......................................................................................................87
4.2.10 Metadata......................................................................................................100
4.3 Rencana Implementasi .........................................................................................119
4.3.1 Dukungan Perangkat Keras (Hardware).......................................................119
4.3.2 Dukungan Perangkat Lunak (Software) ........................................................120
4.4 Transformasi Data................................................................................................121
4.4.1 Proses Transformasi Tabel Dimensi .............................................................123
4.4.2 Proses Transformasi Tabel Fakta ..................................................................129
4.5 Estimasi Waktu Implementasi Data Warehouse ..................................................134
4.6 Rencana Backup...................................................................................................136
4.7 Analisis Manfaat ..................................................................................................136
4.8 Evaluasi ................................................................................................................137
4.9 Rancangan Layar..................................................................................................138
4.9.1 Rancangan Layar Halaman Splash................................................................138
4.9.2 Rancangan Layar Halaman Login.................................................................139
4.9.3 Rancangan Layar Halaman Connect Database.............................................140
4.9.4 Rancangan Layar Halaman Menu Utama .....................................................141
4.9.5 Rancangan Layar Halaman Backup Database..............................................144
4.9.6 Rancangan Layar Halaman Restore Database..............................................145
4.9.7 Rancangan Layar Halaman Menu File .........................................................145
4.9.9 Rancangan Layar Halaman Menu View........................................................148
4.9.10 Rancangan Layar Halaman Cube................................................................149
4.9.11 Rancangan Layar Halaman Star Schema ....................................................150
4.9.12 Rancangan Layar Halaman Chart...............................................................150
4.9.13 Rancangan Layar Halaman Data Transformation ......................................152
4.9.14 Rancangan Layar Halaman Pivot................................................................153
4.9.15 Rancangan Layar Halaman Menu Settings .................................................154
4.9.16 Rancangan Layar Halaman Menu Tools .....................................................155
4.9.17 Rancangan Layar Halaman Query ..............................................................156
4.9.18 Rancangan Layar Halaman Menu Windows ...............................................156
4.9.19 Rancangan Layar Halaman Menu Help ......................................................158
4.9.20 Rancangan Layar Halaman About...............................................................159
BAB 5 SIMPULAN DAN SARAN............................................................................... 160
5.1 Simpulan ..............................................................................................................160
5.2 Saran.....................................................................................................................161 DAFTAR PUSTAKA ..................................................................................................... 162 RIWAYAT HIDUP......................................................................................................... 163 LAMPIRAN........................................................................................................................ 1 FOTOCOPY FORM EVALUASI APLIKASI FOTOCOPY SURAT SURVEY
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 3.1 Tabel AccountReceivable ................................................................................47Tabel 3.2 Tabel DeliverySlipDetail .................................................................................48Tabel 3.3 Tabel DeliverySlipHeader................................................................................49Tabel 3.4 Tabel InvoiceDetail..........................................................................................50Tabel 3.5 Tabel InvoiceHeader ........................................................................................50Tabel 3.6 Tabel MsCategory............................................................................................51Tabel 3.7 Tabel MsWarehouse ........................................................................................51Tabel 3.8 Tabel MsCustomer...........................................................................................52Tabel 3.9 Tabel MsDepartement......................................................................................53Tabel 3.10 Tabel MsEmployee ........................................................................................53Tabel 3.11 Tabel MsItem .................................................................................................54Tabel 3.12 Tabel MsPaymentType ..................................................................................54Tabel 3.13 Tabel MsTransactionType .............................................................................55Tabel 3.14 Tabel MsSupplier...........................................................................................55Tabel 3.15 Tabel MsTransporter......................................................................................56Tabel 3.16 Tabel POAccountPayable ..............................................................................56Tabel 3.17 Tabel PurchaseOrderDetail ............................................................................57Tabel 3.18 Tabel PurchaseOrderHeader ..........................................................................58Tabel 3.20 Tabel PurchaseRequisitionHeader .................................................................59Tabel 3.21 Tabel ReceivingReportDetail.........................................................................60Tabel 3.22 Tabel ReceivingReportHeader.......................................................................60Tabel 3.23 Tabel SalesOrderDetail ..................................................................................61Tabel 3.24 Tabel SalesOrderDetail ..................................................................................62Tabel 3.25 Tabel PurchaseReturnHeader.........................................................................63Tabel 3.26 Tabel PurchaseReturnDetail ..........................................................................64Tabel 3.27 Tabel SalesReturnHeader...............................................................................65Tabel 3.28 Tabel SalesReturnDetail ................................................................................66Tabel 4.1 Tabel Grain VS Dimensi pada Penjualan ........................................................74Tabel 4.2 Tabel Grain VS Dimensi pada Pembelian.......................................................74Tabel 4.3 Tabel Grain VS Dimensi pada Pengiriman .....................................................75Tabel 4.4 Tabel Grain VS Dimensi pada Retur Pembelian .............................................75Tabel 4.5 Tabel Grain VS Dimensi pada Retur Penjualan ..............................................75Tabel 4.6 Tabel Rounding Out Dimension.......................................................................78Tabel 4.7 Tabel TimeDimension......................................................................................79Tabel 4.8 Tabel EmployeeDimension..............................................................................79Tabel 4.9 Tabel CustomerDimension ..............................................................................79Tabel 4.10 Tabel SupplierDimension ..............................................................................79Tabel 4.11 Tabel ItemDimension.....................................................................................80Tabel 4.12 Tabel PaymentTypeDimension......................................................................80Tabel 4.13 Tabel Durasi Basis Data.................................................................................86Tabel 4.14 Tabel Proses Extract, Transformation and Load (ETL) ................................87Tabel 4.16 Tabel Penggunaan Laporan atau Kebutuhan Informasi .................................88Tabel 4.17 Tabel Analisis Kapasitas Media Penyimpanan untuk Tabel Fakta................99Tabel 4.18 Tabel Analisis Kapasitas Media Penyimpanan untuk Tabel Dimensi ...........99Tabel 4.19 Analisis Pertumbuhan Data..........................................................................100Tabel 4.20 Tabel Metadata TimeDimension..................................................................102Tabel 4.21 Tabel Metadata EmployeeDimension..........................................................103Tabel 4.22 Tabel Metadata CustomerDimension...........................................................104Tabel 4.23 Tabel Metadata ItemDimension...................................................................105Tabel 4.24 Tabel Metadata PaymentTypeDimension....................................................106Tabel 4.25 Tabel Metadata SupplierDimension.............................................................107Tabel 4.26 Tabel Metadata PurchaseFact ......................................................................108Tabel 4.27 Tabel Metadata SalesFact ............................................................................110Tabel 4.28 Tabel Metadata DeliveryFact.......................................................................113Tabel 4.29 Tabel Metadata SalesReturnFact .................................................................115Tabel 4.30 Tabel Metadata PurchaseReturnFact ...........................................................117Tabel 4.31 Tabel Jadwal Rencana Implementasi Sistem ...............................................134Tabel 4.32 Tabel Rencana Backup.................................................................................136
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 Contoh data berorientasi subyek (Inmon ,2002, p32) ....................................9Gambar 2.2 Contoh integrasi data (Inmon ,2002, p33) ...................................................10Gambar 2.3 Persoalan dalam non volatile (Inmon,2002, p34) ........................................11Gambar 2.4 Persoalan dalam variasi waktu (Inmon,2002, p35) ......................................12Gambar 2.5 Struktur data warehouse (Inmon,2002, p36) ...............................................13Gambar 2.6 Arsitektur Data Warehouse (Connolly dan Begg ,2002, p1053).................16Gambar 2.7 Contoh skema bintang(http://www.majland.net/cms/e107_files/downloads/dat4.pdf) .......................................22
Gambar 2.8 Contoh skema snowflake(http://www.majland.net/cms/e107_files/downloads/dat4.pdf) .......................................26
Gambar 2.9 Contoh skema starflake(http://www.majland.net/cms/e107_files/downloads/dat4.pdf) .......................................27