T BING 1402270 Table of content
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
PAGE OF COPYRIGHT ...................................................................................... ii
PAGE OF APPROVAL ........................................................................................ iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ...................................................................................... iv
LIST OF FIGURES .............................................................................................. viii
LIST OF APPENDICES ....................................................................................... ix
ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................... x
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ......................................................................... 1
1.1
Background of the Research ........................................................................ 1
1.2
Research Questions ...................................................................................... 3
1.3
Purpose of the Research............................................................................... 4
1.4
Significance of the Research ....................................................................... 4
1.5
Definition of Operational Terms ................................................................. 5
1.5.1 Metacognition .................................................................................. 5
1.5.2 Metacognitive Knowledge ............................................................... 5
1.5.2.1 Declarative knowledge ...................................................... 6
1.5.2.2 Procedural knowledge ....................................................... 6
1.5.2.3 Conditional knowledge ...................................................... 6
1.5.3 Self-regulation ................................................................................. 6
1.5.3.1 Planning ............................................................................. 7
1.5.3.2 Monitoring ......................................................................... 7
1.5.3.3 Evaluating .......................................................................... 7
1.6 Organization of the Thesis ............................................................................. 7
1.6.1 Chapter I .......................................................................................... 8
1.6.2 Chapter II ......................................................................................... 8
1.6.3 Chapter III ........................................................................................ 8
1.6.4 Chapter IV........................................................................................ 8
1.6.5 Chapter V ......................................................................................... 8
Dini Mustaqima, 2016
EFL WRITING METACOGNITION OF STUDENTS IN AN INDONESIAN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW .............................................................. 9
2.1
Metacognition .............................................................................................. 9
2.1.1 Definition of Metacognition ............................................................ 9
2.1.2 Components of Metacognition......................................................... 10
2.1.2.1. Metacognitive knowledge.................................................. 11
2.1.2.2. Self-regulation ................................................................... 12
2.1.3 Metacognition in teaching English as a foreign language ............... 13
2.2
Metacognition in Teaching EFL Writing .................................................... 16
2.2.1 The importance of metacognition in teaching EFL writing ............. 16
2.2.2 The components of metacognition in teaching EFL writing ........... 19
2.2.2.1 Declarative knowledge in writing ...................................... 19
2.2.2.2 Procedural knowledge in writing ....................................... 21
2.2.2.3 Conditional knowledge in writing ..................................... 21
2.2.2.4 Planning skills in writing ................................................... 21
2.2.2.5 Monitoring skills in writing ............................................... 22
2.2.2.6 Evaluating skills in writing ................................................ 23
2.2.3 The application of metacognition in teaching EFL writing ............. 23
2.2.4 The assessment of metacognition in teaching EFL writing ............. 32
2.3
Previous Related Studies ............................................................................. 35
2.3.1 Studies about students’ metacognitive knowledge
in EFL writing .................................................................................. 36
2.3.2 Studies about students’ self-regulation in EFL writing ................... 39
2.4
Concluding Remarks ................................................................................... 44
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ................................................ 45
3.1
Research Design .......................................................................................... 45
3.2
Participants and Research Site ..................................................................... 46
3.2.1 Participants....................................................................................... 46
3.2.2 Research site .................................................................................... 47
3.3
Data Collection ............................................................................................ 47
3.3.1 Types of data .................................................................................... 48
3.3.2 Research instruments ....................................................................... 48
v
Dini Mustaqima, 2016
EFL WRITING METACOGNITION OF STUDENTS IN AN INDONESIAN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
3.3.2.1 Metacognitive knowledge questionnaire ........................... 50
3.3.2.2 Self-regulation questionnaire ............................................. 53
3.3.2.3 Open-response questionnaire ............................................. 56
3.3.3 Procedure of data collection ............................................................ 58
3.4
Data Analysis ............................................................................................... 58
3.4.1 Quantitative data analysis ................................................................ 59
3.4.2 Qualitative data analysis .................................................................. 60
3.4.2.1 Preparation of the data ....................................................... 60
3.4.2.2 Familiarity with the data .................................................... 60
3.4.2.3 Interpreting the data ........................................................... 61
3.4.2.4 Verifying the data .............................................................. 61
3.4.2.5 Representing the data ......................................................... 62
3.4.3 Mixed-methods data analysis........................................................... 62
CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION ................................................ 64
4.1
Findings ....................................................................................................... 64
4.1.1 Metacognitive knowledge components possessed
by the students ................................................................................. 64
4.1.1.1 Declarative knowledge ...................................................... 65
4.1.1.1.1 Person knowledge ............................................. 65
4.1.1.1.2 Task knowledge ................................................ 69
4.1.1.1.3 Strategy knowledge ........................................... 71
4.1.1.2 Procedural knowledge ....................................................... 72
4.1.1.3 Conditional knowledge ...................................................... 75
4.1.2 Students’ ways of using metacognitive knowledge
to perform self-regulation skills ....................................................... 79
4.1.2.1 Planning ............................................................................. 79
4.1.2.2 Monitoring ......................................................................... 83
4.1.2.3 Evaluating .......................................................................... 86
4.2
Discussion .................................................................................................... 87
4.2.1 Metacognitive knowledge components possessed
by the students ................................................................................. 87
vi
Dini Mustaqima, 2016
EFL WRITING METACOGNITION OF STUDENTS IN AN INDONESIAN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
4.2.1.1 Declarative knowledge ...................................................... 88
4.2.1.1.1 Person knowledge ............................................. 89
4.2.1.1.2 Task knowledge ................................................ 92
4.2.1.1.3 Strategy knowledge ........................................... 93
4.2.1.2 Procedural knowledge ....................................................... 93
4.2.1.3 Conditional knowledge ...................................................... 94
4.2.2 Students’ ways of using metacognitive knowledge
to perform self-regulation skills ....................................................... 96
4.2.2.1. Planning ............................................................................. 96
4.2.2.2. Monitoring ......................................................................... 99
4.2.2.3. Evaluating .......................................................................... 100
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION .......................... 102
5.1
Conclusion ................................................................................................... 102
5.2
Recommendation ......................................................................................... 104
5.2.1 Pedagogical implications based on
students’ metacognitive knowledge ................................................. 104
5.2.2 Pedagogical implications based on
students’ self-regulation skills ......................................................... 106
5.2.3 Directions for further research ......................................................... 108
REFERENCES...................................................................................................... 109
vii
Dini Mustaqima, 2016
EFL WRITING METACOGNITION OF STUDENTS IN AN INDONESIAN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 3.1. Formula of Students’ Responses Percentage ...................................... 59
Figure 3.2. Steps of Interpreting Data ................................................................... 61
viii
Dini Mustaqima, 2016
EFL WRITING METACOGNITION OF STUDENTS IN AN INDONESIAN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
LIST OF APPENDICES
APPENDIX 1. STEPS OF CREATING METACOGNITIVE
KNOWLEDGE QUESTIONNAIRE ......................................... 120
APPENDIX 2. STEPS OF CREATING SELF-REGULATION
QUESTIONNAIRE ................................................................... 140
APPENDIX 3. STEPS OF CREATING OPEN-RESPONSE
QUESTIONNAIRE ................................................................... 154
APPENDIX 4. WRITING TASK ....................................................................... 162
APPENDIX 5. DATA ANALYSIS PROCEDURE ........................................... 164
APPENDIX 6. MAPS OF ANALYSIS RESULTS ............................................ 207
ix
Dini Mustaqima, 2016
EFL WRITING METACOGNITION OF STUDENTS IN AN INDONESIAN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
Page
PAGE OF COPYRIGHT ...................................................................................... ii
PAGE OF APPROVAL ........................................................................................ iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ...................................................................................... iv
LIST OF FIGURES .............................................................................................. viii
LIST OF APPENDICES ....................................................................................... ix
ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................... x
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ......................................................................... 1
1.1
Background of the Research ........................................................................ 1
1.2
Research Questions ...................................................................................... 3
1.3
Purpose of the Research............................................................................... 4
1.4
Significance of the Research ....................................................................... 4
1.5
Definition of Operational Terms ................................................................. 5
1.5.1 Metacognition .................................................................................. 5
1.5.2 Metacognitive Knowledge ............................................................... 5
1.5.2.1 Declarative knowledge ...................................................... 6
1.5.2.2 Procedural knowledge ....................................................... 6
1.5.2.3 Conditional knowledge ...................................................... 6
1.5.3 Self-regulation ................................................................................. 6
1.5.3.1 Planning ............................................................................. 7
1.5.3.2 Monitoring ......................................................................... 7
1.5.3.3 Evaluating .......................................................................... 7
1.6 Organization of the Thesis ............................................................................. 7
1.6.1 Chapter I .......................................................................................... 8
1.6.2 Chapter II ......................................................................................... 8
1.6.3 Chapter III ........................................................................................ 8
1.6.4 Chapter IV........................................................................................ 8
1.6.5 Chapter V ......................................................................................... 8
Dini Mustaqima, 2016
EFL WRITING METACOGNITION OF STUDENTS IN AN INDONESIAN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW .............................................................. 9
2.1
Metacognition .............................................................................................. 9
2.1.1 Definition of Metacognition ............................................................ 9
2.1.2 Components of Metacognition......................................................... 10
2.1.2.1. Metacognitive knowledge.................................................. 11
2.1.2.2. Self-regulation ................................................................... 12
2.1.3 Metacognition in teaching English as a foreign language ............... 13
2.2
Metacognition in Teaching EFL Writing .................................................... 16
2.2.1 The importance of metacognition in teaching EFL writing ............. 16
2.2.2 The components of metacognition in teaching EFL writing ........... 19
2.2.2.1 Declarative knowledge in writing ...................................... 19
2.2.2.2 Procedural knowledge in writing ....................................... 21
2.2.2.3 Conditional knowledge in writing ..................................... 21
2.2.2.4 Planning skills in writing ................................................... 21
2.2.2.5 Monitoring skills in writing ............................................... 22
2.2.2.6 Evaluating skills in writing ................................................ 23
2.2.3 The application of metacognition in teaching EFL writing ............. 23
2.2.4 The assessment of metacognition in teaching EFL writing ............. 32
2.3
Previous Related Studies ............................................................................. 35
2.3.1 Studies about students’ metacognitive knowledge
in EFL writing .................................................................................. 36
2.3.2 Studies about students’ self-regulation in EFL writing ................... 39
2.4
Concluding Remarks ................................................................................... 44
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ................................................ 45
3.1
Research Design .......................................................................................... 45
3.2
Participants and Research Site ..................................................................... 46
3.2.1 Participants....................................................................................... 46
3.2.2 Research site .................................................................................... 47
3.3
Data Collection ............................................................................................ 47
3.3.1 Types of data .................................................................................... 48
3.3.2 Research instruments ....................................................................... 48
v
Dini Mustaqima, 2016
EFL WRITING METACOGNITION OF STUDENTS IN AN INDONESIAN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
3.3.2.1 Metacognitive knowledge questionnaire ........................... 50
3.3.2.2 Self-regulation questionnaire ............................................. 53
3.3.2.3 Open-response questionnaire ............................................. 56
3.3.3 Procedure of data collection ............................................................ 58
3.4
Data Analysis ............................................................................................... 58
3.4.1 Quantitative data analysis ................................................................ 59
3.4.2 Qualitative data analysis .................................................................. 60
3.4.2.1 Preparation of the data ....................................................... 60
3.4.2.2 Familiarity with the data .................................................... 60
3.4.2.3 Interpreting the data ........................................................... 61
3.4.2.4 Verifying the data .............................................................. 61
3.4.2.5 Representing the data ......................................................... 62
3.4.3 Mixed-methods data analysis........................................................... 62
CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION ................................................ 64
4.1
Findings ....................................................................................................... 64
4.1.1 Metacognitive knowledge components possessed
by the students ................................................................................. 64
4.1.1.1 Declarative knowledge ...................................................... 65
4.1.1.1.1 Person knowledge ............................................. 65
4.1.1.1.2 Task knowledge ................................................ 69
4.1.1.1.3 Strategy knowledge ........................................... 71
4.1.1.2 Procedural knowledge ....................................................... 72
4.1.1.3 Conditional knowledge ...................................................... 75
4.1.2 Students’ ways of using metacognitive knowledge
to perform self-regulation skills ....................................................... 79
4.1.2.1 Planning ............................................................................. 79
4.1.2.2 Monitoring ......................................................................... 83
4.1.2.3 Evaluating .......................................................................... 86
4.2
Discussion .................................................................................................... 87
4.2.1 Metacognitive knowledge components possessed
by the students ................................................................................. 87
vi
Dini Mustaqima, 2016
EFL WRITING METACOGNITION OF STUDENTS IN AN INDONESIAN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
4.2.1.1 Declarative knowledge ...................................................... 88
4.2.1.1.1 Person knowledge ............................................. 89
4.2.1.1.2 Task knowledge ................................................ 92
4.2.1.1.3 Strategy knowledge ........................................... 93
4.2.1.2 Procedural knowledge ....................................................... 93
4.2.1.3 Conditional knowledge ...................................................... 94
4.2.2 Students’ ways of using metacognitive knowledge
to perform self-regulation skills ....................................................... 96
4.2.2.1. Planning ............................................................................. 96
4.2.2.2. Monitoring ......................................................................... 99
4.2.2.3. Evaluating .......................................................................... 100
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION .......................... 102
5.1
Conclusion ................................................................................................... 102
5.2
Recommendation ......................................................................................... 104
5.2.1 Pedagogical implications based on
students’ metacognitive knowledge ................................................. 104
5.2.2 Pedagogical implications based on
students’ self-regulation skills ......................................................... 106
5.2.3 Directions for further research ......................................................... 108
REFERENCES...................................................................................................... 109
vii
Dini Mustaqima, 2016
EFL WRITING METACOGNITION OF STUDENTS IN AN INDONESIAN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 3.1. Formula of Students’ Responses Percentage ...................................... 59
Figure 3.2. Steps of Interpreting Data ................................................................... 61
viii
Dini Mustaqima, 2016
EFL WRITING METACOGNITION OF STUDENTS IN AN INDONESIAN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
LIST OF APPENDICES
APPENDIX 1. STEPS OF CREATING METACOGNITIVE
KNOWLEDGE QUESTIONNAIRE ......................................... 120
APPENDIX 2. STEPS OF CREATING SELF-REGULATION
QUESTIONNAIRE ................................................................... 140
APPENDIX 3. STEPS OF CREATING OPEN-RESPONSE
QUESTIONNAIRE ................................................................... 154
APPENDIX 4. WRITING TASK ....................................................................... 162
APPENDIX 5. DATA ANALYSIS PROCEDURE ........................................... 164
APPENDIX 6. MAPS OF ANALYSIS RESULTS ............................................ 207
ix
Dini Mustaqima, 2016
EFL WRITING METACOGNITION OF STUDENTS IN AN INDONESIAN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu