Institutional Repository | Satya Wacana Christian University: The Use of Tenses in Textbook for The Second Grade of Senior High School
THE USE OF TENSES IN TEXTBOOK
FOR THE SECOND GRADE OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
THESIS
Submitted in Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree of
Sarjana Pendidikan
Anindia Lokitavera
112007124
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE
SATYA WACANA CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY
SALATIGA
2012
THE USE OF TENSES IN TEXTBOOK
FOR THE SECOND GRADE OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
THESIS
Submitted in Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree of
Sarjana Pendidikan
Anindia Lokitavera
112007124
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE
SATYA WACANA CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY
SALATIGA
2012
ii
THE USE OF TENSES IN TEXTBOOK
FOR THE SECOND GRADE OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
THESIS
Submitted in Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree of
Sarjana Pendidikan
Anindia Lokitavera
112007124
Approved by:
Listyani, M. Hum.
Prof. Dr. Gusti Astika, M. A.
Supervisor
Examiner
iii
COPYRIGHT STATEMENT
This thesis contains no such material as has been submitted for examination in any course or
accepted for the fulfillment of any degree or diploma in any university. To the best of my
knowledge and my belief, this contains no material previously published or written by any
other person except where due reference is made in the text.
Copyright@ 2012. Anindia Lokitavera and Prof. Dr. Gusti Astika, M. A.
All rights reserved. No part of this thesis may be reproduced by any means without the
permission of at least one of the copyright owners or the English Department, Faculty of
Language and Literature, Satya Wacana University, Salatiga.
Anindia Lokitavera: (
)
iv
PUBLICATION AGREEMENT DECLARATION
As a member of the (SWCU) Satya Wacana Christian University academic community,
I verify that:
Name
Student ID Number
Study Program
Faculty
Kind of Work
: Anindia Lokitavera
: 112007124
: English Department
: Language and Literature
: Undergraduate Thesis
In developing my knowledge, I agree to provide SWCU with a non-exclusive royalty free
right for my intellectual property and the contents therein entitled:
The Use of Tenses in Textbook for the Second Grade of Senior High School
along with any pertinent equipment.
With this non-exclusive royalty free right, SWCU maintains the right to copy, reproduce,
print, publish, post, display, incorporate, store in or scan into a retrieval system or database,
transmit, broadcast, barter or sell my intellectual property, in whole or in part without my
express written permission, as long as my name is still included as the writer.
This declaration is made according to the best of my knowledge.
Made in
: Salatiga
Date
: ________________
Verified by signee,
Anindia Lokitavera
Approved by
Thesis Supervisor
Thesis Examiner
Prof. Dr. Gusti Astika, M. A.
Listyani, M. Hum.
v
THE USE OF TENSES IN TEXTBOOK
FOR THE SECOND GRADE OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Anindia Lokitavera
Abstract
Tenses play an important role in speaking, listening, reading, and writing skills. Tenses
help students comprehend texts or stories which are used in textbook. This study investigated
what tenses were used in the textbook by trying to find the frequency and types of tenses and
their combinations used in the texts. This study used a descriptive method to describe the use of
tenses in a textbook: Look Ahead, published in 2005. This study only focused on the reading
section of the book. In the analysis, the sentences with tenses were identified in accordance with
their uses based on the classifications of tenses proposed by Folse, Solomon, & Palinkas (2008)
and Davidson (2003). The results showed that there were only 9 types of tenses in the textbook:
Simple Present Tense, Simple Past Tense, Past Continuous Tense, Past Perfect Tense, Simple
Future Tense, Present Perfect Tense, Present Continuous Tense, Future Continuous Tense, and
Present Perfect Continuous. This study can be very useful for teachers and language learners in
understanding the tenses used in the textbook.
Keywords: tenses, use of tenses, textbook
Introduction
Grammar is very important in English. Grammar is the glue that holds the language
together which means it is the way in which sentences are structured and the language is
formatted. Grammar helps for clearly and effectively communicating in English. Long and
Richards (1987: 279) stated that, grammar plays a role in speaking, listening, reading, and
writing skills. It means that, English learners who want to acquire the four skills, have to deal
with grammar in order to help learners to understand the language. Ur (1988: 4) also has the
same opinion. There is no doubt that knowledge – implicit or explicit – of grammatical rules is
essential for the mastery of a language.
1
FOR THE SECOND GRADE OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
THESIS
Submitted in Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree of
Sarjana Pendidikan
Anindia Lokitavera
112007124
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE
SATYA WACANA CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY
SALATIGA
2012
THE USE OF TENSES IN TEXTBOOK
FOR THE SECOND GRADE OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
THESIS
Submitted in Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree of
Sarjana Pendidikan
Anindia Lokitavera
112007124
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE
SATYA WACANA CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY
SALATIGA
2012
ii
THE USE OF TENSES IN TEXTBOOK
FOR THE SECOND GRADE OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
THESIS
Submitted in Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree of
Sarjana Pendidikan
Anindia Lokitavera
112007124
Approved by:
Listyani, M. Hum.
Prof. Dr. Gusti Astika, M. A.
Supervisor
Examiner
iii
COPYRIGHT STATEMENT
This thesis contains no such material as has been submitted for examination in any course or
accepted for the fulfillment of any degree or diploma in any university. To the best of my
knowledge and my belief, this contains no material previously published or written by any
other person except where due reference is made in the text.
Copyright@ 2012. Anindia Lokitavera and Prof. Dr. Gusti Astika, M. A.
All rights reserved. No part of this thesis may be reproduced by any means without the
permission of at least one of the copyright owners or the English Department, Faculty of
Language and Literature, Satya Wacana University, Salatiga.
Anindia Lokitavera: (
)
iv
PUBLICATION AGREEMENT DECLARATION
As a member of the (SWCU) Satya Wacana Christian University academic community,
I verify that:
Name
Student ID Number
Study Program
Faculty
Kind of Work
: Anindia Lokitavera
: 112007124
: English Department
: Language and Literature
: Undergraduate Thesis
In developing my knowledge, I agree to provide SWCU with a non-exclusive royalty free
right for my intellectual property and the contents therein entitled:
The Use of Tenses in Textbook for the Second Grade of Senior High School
along with any pertinent equipment.
With this non-exclusive royalty free right, SWCU maintains the right to copy, reproduce,
print, publish, post, display, incorporate, store in or scan into a retrieval system or database,
transmit, broadcast, barter or sell my intellectual property, in whole or in part without my
express written permission, as long as my name is still included as the writer.
This declaration is made according to the best of my knowledge.
Made in
: Salatiga
Date
: ________________
Verified by signee,
Anindia Lokitavera
Approved by
Thesis Supervisor
Thesis Examiner
Prof. Dr. Gusti Astika, M. A.
Listyani, M. Hum.
v
THE USE OF TENSES IN TEXTBOOK
FOR THE SECOND GRADE OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Anindia Lokitavera
Abstract
Tenses play an important role in speaking, listening, reading, and writing skills. Tenses
help students comprehend texts or stories which are used in textbook. This study investigated
what tenses were used in the textbook by trying to find the frequency and types of tenses and
their combinations used in the texts. This study used a descriptive method to describe the use of
tenses in a textbook: Look Ahead, published in 2005. This study only focused on the reading
section of the book. In the analysis, the sentences with tenses were identified in accordance with
their uses based on the classifications of tenses proposed by Folse, Solomon, & Palinkas (2008)
and Davidson (2003). The results showed that there were only 9 types of tenses in the textbook:
Simple Present Tense, Simple Past Tense, Past Continuous Tense, Past Perfect Tense, Simple
Future Tense, Present Perfect Tense, Present Continuous Tense, Future Continuous Tense, and
Present Perfect Continuous. This study can be very useful for teachers and language learners in
understanding the tenses used in the textbook.
Keywords: tenses, use of tenses, textbook
Introduction
Grammar is very important in English. Grammar is the glue that holds the language
together which means it is the way in which sentences are structured and the language is
formatted. Grammar helps for clearly and effectively communicating in English. Long and
Richards (1987: 279) stated that, grammar plays a role in speaking, listening, reading, and
writing skills. It means that, English learners who want to acquire the four skills, have to deal
with grammar in order to help learners to understand the language. Ur (1988: 4) also has the
same opinion. There is no doubt that knowledge – implicit or explicit – of grammatical rules is
essential for the mastery of a language.
1