Slide INF102 Pertemuan 2

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Presentation_ID 1

Chapter 2:

Configuring a Network

Operating System

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 _{Explain the purpose of the Cisco IOS.}

 _{Explain how to access and navigate Cisco IOS to configure network}

devices.

 _{Describe the command structure of the Cisco IOS software.}  _{Configure hostnames on a Cisco IOS device using the CLI.}

 _{Use Cisco IOS commands to limit access to device configurations.}  _{Use Cisco IOS commands to save the running configuration.}

 _{Explain how devices communicate across network media.}  _{Configure a host device with an IP address.}

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Chapter 2

2.0 Introduction 2.1 IOS Bootcamp 2.2 Getting Basic

2.3 Addressing Schemes 2.4 Summary

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Operating Systems

 _{All networking equipment dependent on operating systems}

 _{The operating system on home routers is usually called firmware}

 _{Cisco IOS – Collection of network operating systems used on Cisco}

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Purpose

of OS

 _{PC operating systems (Windows 8 and OS X) perform technical}

functions that enable:

 _{Use of a mouse}  _{View output}

 _{Enter text}

 _{Switch or router IOS provides options to:}  _{Configure interfaces}

 _{Enable routing and switching functions}  _{All networking devices come with a default IOS}  _{Possible to upgrade the IOS version or feature set}

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Location of the Cisco IOS

Cisco IOS stored in

Flash

 _{Non-volatile storage, not lost when power is lost}  _{Can be changed or overwritten as needed}

 _{Can be used to store multiple versions of IOS}  _{IOS copied from flash to volatile RAM}

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IOS Functions

These are the major functions performed or enabled by Cisco routers and switches.

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Console Access Method

Most common methods to access the CLI:

 _Console

 _{Telnet or SSH}  _{AUX port}

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Console Access Method

Console Port

 _{Device is accessible even if no networking services have been}

configured (out-of-band)

 _{Need a special console cable}

 _{Allows configuration commands to be entered}

 _{Should be configured with passwords to prevent unauthorized access}  _{Device should be located in a secure room so console port cannot be}

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Telnet, SSH, and AUX Access Methods

Telnet

 _{Method for remotely accessing the CLI over a network}

 _{Require active networking services and one active interface that is}

configured

Secure Shell (SSH)

 _{Remote login similar to Telnet, but utilizes more security}  _{Stronger password authentication}

 _{Uses encryption when transporting data}

Aux Port

 _{Out-of-band connection}  _{Uses telephone line}

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Terminal Emulation Programs

Software available for

connecting to a networking device:

 _PuTTY  _{Tera Term}  _SecureCRT  _{HyperTerminal}  _{OS X Terminal}

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Cisco IOS Command Reference

To navigate to Cisco’s IOS Command Reference to find a command:

1. Go to http://www.cisco.com.

2. Click Support.

3. Click Networking Software (IOS & NX-OS).

4. Click 15.2M&T (for example).

5. Click Reference Guides.

6. Click Command References.

7. Click the particular technology that encompasses the command you reference.

8. Click the link on the left that alphabetically matches the command you referencing.

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Hot Keys and Shortcuts

 _{Tab – Completes the remainder of a partially typed command or}

keyword.

 _{Ctrl-R – Redisplays a line.}

 _{Ctrl-A – Moves to the beginning of the line.}

 _{Ctrl-Z – Exits the configuration mode and returns to user EXEC.}  _{Down Arrow – Allows the user to scroll forward through former}

commands.

 _{Up Arrow – Allows the user to scroll backward through former}

commands.

 _{Ctrl-shift-6 – Allows the user to interrupt an IOS process such}

as ping or traceroute.

 _{Ctrl-C – Exits the current configuration or aborts the current}

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Why the Switch

Let’s focus on:

 _{Creating a two PC network connected via a switch}  _{Setting a name for the switch}

 _{Limiting access to the device configuration}  _{Configuring banner messages}

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Device Names

Some guidelines for naming conventions:

 _{Start with a letter}  _{Contains no spaces}

 _{Ends with a letter or digit}

 _{Uses only letters, digits, and dashes}  _{Be less than 64 characters in length}

Without names, network devices are difficult to identify for configuration

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Configuring Device Names

Hostnames allow devices to be

identified by network administrators over a network or the Internet.

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Securing Device Access

These are device access passwords:

 _{enable password – Limits access to the privileged EXEC mode}  _{enable secret – Encrypted, limits access to the privileged EXEC}

mode

 _{console password – Limits device access using the console}

connection

 _{VTY password – Limits device access over Telnet}

Note: In most of the labs in this course, we will be using simple passwords such as cisco or class.

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Securing Privileged EXEC Access Mode

 _{Use the}_{enable secret}_{command, not the older}_enable

password command.

 _The_{enable secret}_{command provides greater security because}

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Securing User EXEC Access

 _{Console port must be secured; it reduces the chance of}

unauthorized personnel physically plugging a cable into the device and gaining device access.

 _{VTY lines allow access to a Cisco device via Telnet. The number}

of VTY lines supported varies with the type of device and the IOS version.

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Encrypting Password Display

service password-encryption

 _Prevents

passwords from showing up as plain text when viewing the configuration  _Keeps unauthorized individuals from viewing passwords in the configuration file

 _{Once applied,}

removing the

encryption service does not reverse the encryption

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Banner Messages

 _{Important part of}

the legal process in the event that

someone is prosecuted for breaking into a device

 _{Wording that}

implies that a login is "welcome" or "invited" is not appropriate

 _{Often used for}

legal notification because it is displayed to all connected

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Configuration Files

 _{Switch# reload}

System configuration has been modified. Save?

[yes/no]: n

Proceed with reload? [confirm]

 _{Startup configuration is}

removed by using

the _erase

startup-config

Switch# erase startup-config

 _{On a switch, you must also}

issue the _delete

vlan.dat

Switch# delete vlan.dat

Delete filename [vlan.dat]?

Delete flash:vlan.dat? [confirm]

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IP Addressing of Devices

 _{Each end device on a}

network must be

configured with an IP address.

 _{Structure of an IPv4}

address is called dotted decimal.

 _{IP address displayed in}

decimal notation, with four decimal numbers between 0 and 255.

 _{With the IP address, a}

subnet mask is also necessary.

 _{IP addresses can be}

assigned to both

physical ports and virtual interfaces.

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Interfaces and Ports

 _{Network communications depend on end user device interfaces,}

networking device interfaces, and the cables that connect them.

 _{Types of network media include twisted-pair copper cables,}

fiber-optic cables, coaxial cables, or wireless.

 _{Different types of network media have different features and benefits.}  _{Ethernet is the most common local area network (LAN) technology.}  _{Ethernet ports are found on end user devices, switch devices, and}

other networking devices.

 _{Cisco IOS switches have physical ports for devices to connect to, but}

also have one or more switch virtual interfaces (SVIs; no physical hardware on the device associated with it; created in software).

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Configuring a Switch Virtual Interface

 _{IP address – Together with subnet mask, uniquely identifies end}

device on internetwork.

 _{Subnet mask – Determines which part of a larger network is used}

by an IP address.

 _{interface VLAN 1} – Available in interface configuration mode,

 _{ip address 192.168.10.2 255.255.255.0}_{– Configures the}

IP address and subnet mask for the switch.

 _{no shutdown – Administratively enables the interface.}

 _{Switch still needs to have physical ports configured and VTY lines to}

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Configuring a Network Operating System

Chapter 2 Summary

Cisco IOS:

 _{The technician can enter commands to configure, or program, the}

device to perform various networking functions.

 _{Services are generally accessed using a command-line interface}

(CLI), which is accessed by either the console port, the AUX port, or through telnet or SSH.

 _{Once connected to the CLI, network technicians can make}

configuration changes to Cisco IOS devices.

 _{Cisco IOS is designed as a modal operating system, which means}

a network technician must navigate through various hierarchical modes of the IOS.

 _{Cisco IOS routers and switches support a similar modal operating}

system, support similar command structures, and support many of the same commands. In addition, both devices have identical initial configuration steps when implementing them in a network.

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Configuring a Network Operating System

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Verifying Connectivity

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Verifying Connectivity

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Configuring a Network Operating System

Chapter 2 Summary

Cisco IOS:

 _{The technician can enter commands to configure, or program, the}

device to perform various networking functions.

 _{Services are generally accessed using a command-line interface}

(CLI), which is accessed by either the console port, the AUX port, or through telnet or SSH.

 _{Once connected to the CLI, network technicians can make}

configuration changes to Cisco IOS devices.

 _{Cisco IOS is designed as a modal operating system, which means}

a network technician must navigate through various hierarchical modes of the IOS.

 _{Cisco IOS routers and switches support a similar modal operating}

system, support similar command structures, and support many of the same commands. In addition, both devices have identical initial configuration steps when implementing them in a network.

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Configuring a Network Operating System

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Configuring a Network Operating System

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Slide INF102 Pertemuan 2

Chapter 2:

Configuring a Network

Operating System

Chapter 2

Operating Systems

Purpose

of OS

Location of the Cisco IOS

Cisco IOS stored in

Flash

IOS Functions

Console Access Method

Console Access Method

Console Port

Telnet, SSH, and AUX Access Methods

Terminal Emulation Programs

Cisco IOS Command Reference

Hot Keys and Shortcuts

Why the Switch

Let’s focus on:

Device Names

Configuring Device Names

Securing Device Access

Securing Privileged EXEC Access Mode

Securing User EXEC Access

Encrypting Password Display

Banner Messages

Configuration Files

IP Addressing of Devices

Interfaces and Ports

Configuring a Switch Virtual Interface

Chapter 2 Summary

Chapter 2 Summary

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