DAFTAR PUSTAKA Aktivitas Antibakteri Dan Bioautografi Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Buah Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) Terhadap Streptococcus mutans Dan Escherichia coli.
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Andersen, O.M., dan Markham, K.R., 2006, Flavonoid, Chemistry, Biochemistry
and Application,. 2, CRC Press, United State.
Arlorio, M., Coïsson, J.D., Travaglia, F., Varsaldi, F., Miglio, G., Lombardi, G.,
Martelli, A., 2005, Antioxidant and Biological Activity of Phenolic
Pigments from Theobroma Cacao Hulls Extracted with Supercritical
CO2, Food Research Int., 38 (2005), 1009-1014.
Backer, C., A., and van den Brink, R., C., B., 1965, Flora of Java :
Spermathopytes only Vol.I, 408, Noordhoff, Groningen, Netherland.
Bergey, D.H., & Boone, D.R., 2009, Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology,
Vol.3, Ed.2, 655, Springer Science-Business Media, New York.
Brooks, G.F., Butel, J.S., & Morse, S.A., 2005, Mikrobiologi Kedokteran (Medical
Microbiology), Edisi 1, 79-80, diterjemahkan oleh Bagian Mikrobiologi
Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Airlangga, Jakarta, Penerbit Salemba
Medika.
Contardo, M.S., Diaz, N., Lobos, O., Padilla, C., Giacaman, R.A., 2011,Oral
Colonization by Streptococcus mutans and its Association with Severity
of Periodontal Disease in Adults, Rev. Clin. Periodoncia Implantol.
Rehabil. Oral. 4 (1), 9-12.
Cronquist, A., 1981, An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants,
477, Columbia University Press, New York.
Cushnie, T.P.T., Lamb, A.J., 2005, Antimicrobial Activity of Flavonoid, Int.
Journ. of Antimicrobial Agent. 26 (2005), 343-346.
Doyle, M.E., Archer, J., Kaspar, C.W., Weiss, R., 2006, Human Illness Caused by
E. coli O157:H7 from Food and Non-Food Sources, FRI (Food Research
Institute), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin-Madison ,
Amerika.
Engelkirk, P., G., Burton, G., R., W., 2009, Burton’s Microbiology for The Health
Science, 8th Ed., 20-30, Lippincott William and Wilkins, New York.
Elwers, S., Zambrano, A., Rohsius, C., Lieberei, R., 2010, Histological Features
of Phenolic Compounds in Fine and Bulk Cocoa Seed (Theobroma cacao
L.), Jour of App. Bot. and Food Qual. 83 (2010), 182-188.
23
24
Fapohunda, S. O. & Afolayan A., 2012, Fermentation of Cocoa Beans and
Antimicrobial Potentials of the pod Husk Phytochemicals, J Phys Pharm
Adv. 2 (3), 158-164.
Friedman, M., Henika, P.R., Levin, C.E., Mandrell, R.E., Kozukue, N., 2006,
Antimicrobial Properties of Tea Catechin and Theaflavin and Tea Extract
againts Bacillus cereus, Jour of Food Protect. 69 (2), 354-361.
Gazzani, G., Daglia, M., Papetti, A., 2011, Food Component with Anticaries
Activity, Biotechnologi, 23 (2010) : 1-7.
Han, X., Shen, T., & Lou, H., 2007, Dietary Polyphenols and Their Biological
Significance. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 8 (2007), 950-988.
Harborne, J. B., 1996, Metode Fitokimi: Penuntun Cara Modern Menganalisis
Tumbuhan, Cetakan kedua, diterjemahkan oleh Padmawinata, K. & Soediro,
I., 49, Penerbit ITB, Bandung.
Hidayati, C., 2013, Aktivitas Antibakteri dan Bioautografi Ekstrak Aseton Kulit Buah
Kakao terhadap Escherichia coli dan Streptococcus mutans, Skripsi,
Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
Hirao, C., Nishimura, E., Kamei, M., Ohshima, T., Maeda, N., 2010, Antibacterial
of Cocoa on Periodontal Pathogenic Bacteria, J. Oral Biosc. 52 (3), 283291.
Indiana State Department of Health, 2009, Environmental Public Health, Diseases
Involving Sewage, Indiana State Department of Health, Indiana.
Manning, S.D. & Alcamo, I.E., 2005, Deadly Diseases And Epidemics:
Escherichia coli Infections, 15, 18, Chelsea House Publishers, USA.
Matsumoto M, Tsuji M, Okuda J, Sasaki H, Nakano K, Osawa K., 2004,
Inhibitory Effects of Cacao Bean Husk Extraction Plaque Formation in
Vitro and in Vivo. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15154923
(diakses tanggal 11 April 2012).
Panganiban, C.A., Reyes, R.B., Agojo, I., Armedilla, R., Consul, J.Z., Dagli, H.F.,
Esteban, L., 2012, Antibacterial Activity of Cacao (Theobroma Cacao
Linn.) Pulp Crude Extract Against Selected Bacterial Isolates, Int. Journ.
of Sci. And Clin. Lab. Jour. 1, 32-44.
Pasiga, B., 2007, Efikasi Klinik Obat Kumur yang Mengandung Limbah Kulit
Buah Kakao, http://elib.pdii.lipi.go.id/katalog/index.php/searchkatalog/
byGroup/author/72087 (diakses tanggal 10 Juni 2012).
25
Petersen, P.E., 2005, Priorities for Research for Oral Health in the 21st Century –
the Approach of the WHO Global Oral Health Programme, Community
Dental Health 22 (2005), 71-74.
Pieralisi, F.J.S., Rodrigues, M.R., Segura, V.G., Maciel, S.M., Ferreira, F.B.A.,
Garcia, J.E., and Poli-Frederico, R.C., 2009, Genotypic Diversity of
Streptococcus mutans in Caries-Free and Caries-Active Preschool
Children, Int. Jour. of Dent., 824976 (2010), 1-5.
PPKKI (Pusat Penelitian Kopi dan Kakao Indonesia), 2004, Panduan Lengkap
Budidaya Kakao, 3-13, PT AgroMedia Pustaka, Depok.
Pratiwi, T., S., 2008, Mikrobiologi Farmasi, 150-160, 188-191, Erlangga ,
Jakarta.
Preedy, V.R., Watson, R.R., Patel, V.B., 2011, Nuts and Seed in Health and
Disease Prevention, 115, Elsevier, London.
Radji, M., 2005, Buku Ajar Mikrobiologi Mahasiswa Farmasi dan Kedokteran,
127, EGC, Jakarta.
Rohman, A., 2009, Kromatografi untuk Analisi Obat, 323-328, Graha Ilmu,
Yogyakarta.
Sarker, S., D., Zahid, L., and Gray, A.,I., Natural Product Isolation, Second
Edition, 32, Humana Press Inc., Totowa.
Sartini, Djide, M. N. & Alam, G., 2007, Ekstraksi Komponen Bioaktif
Dari Limbah Kulit Buah Kakao Dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Aktivitas
Antioksidan Dan Antimikroba, Majalah Obat Tradisional, (online),
(http://mot.farmasi.ugm.ac.id//files//18kulit%20buah%20cacao_Pak%20Ala
m.pdf, diakses tanggal 13 Januari 2012).
Schrauzer, G.N., & DeVroey M.D., 2010, Healthy Chocolate Product-Comfort
Foods and Diet Aids, Biological Trace Element Research Institute,
California.
Si, W., Gong, J., Sao, R., Kalab, M., Yang, R., Yin, Y., 2006, Bioassay-guided
Purification and Identification of Antimicrobial Component in Chinese
Green Tea Extract, Journal of Chromatography A. 1125 (2), 204-210.
Smullen, J., Katsou, G.A., Foster, H.A., Zumbe, A., Storey, D.M., 2007, The
antibacterial activity of Plant Extract Containing Polyphenol againts
Streptococcus mutans, Caries Res, 41 (5), 342-349.
26
Srikanth, R.K., Shashikiran, N.D., Reddy V.V., Subba., 2008, Chocolate Mouth
Rinse: Effect on Plaque Accumulation and Mutans Streptococci Counts
when Used by Children. J. Indian Soc. Pedod. Prevent Dent. Department
of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dental Sciences and Hospital ,
Davangere, India.
Tiwari, P., Kumar, B., Kaur, M., Kaur, G., Kaur, H., 2011, Phytochemical
Screening and Isolation : a Review, Internationale Pharmaceutica
Sciencia , 1 (1), 98-106.
Wagner, H., & Bladt, S., 1996, Plant Drug Analysis : A Thin Layer
Chromatography, Second Ed, 22, 197, 306, 362, Springer, New York.
Wahyudi, T., Panggabean, T.R., & Pujiyanto, 2008, Panduan Lengkap Kakao
Manajemen Agribisnis dari Hulu Hingga Hilir , Hal.11, 47, Penebar
Swadaya, Depok.
Andersen, O.M., dan Markham, K.R., 2006, Flavonoid, Chemistry, Biochemistry
and Application,. 2, CRC Press, United State.
Arlorio, M., Coïsson, J.D., Travaglia, F., Varsaldi, F., Miglio, G., Lombardi, G.,
Martelli, A., 2005, Antioxidant and Biological Activity of Phenolic
Pigments from Theobroma Cacao Hulls Extracted with Supercritical
CO2, Food Research Int., 38 (2005), 1009-1014.
Backer, C., A., and van den Brink, R., C., B., 1965, Flora of Java :
Spermathopytes only Vol.I, 408, Noordhoff, Groningen, Netherland.
Bergey, D.H., & Boone, D.R., 2009, Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology,
Vol.3, Ed.2, 655, Springer Science-Business Media, New York.
Brooks, G.F., Butel, J.S., & Morse, S.A., 2005, Mikrobiologi Kedokteran (Medical
Microbiology), Edisi 1, 79-80, diterjemahkan oleh Bagian Mikrobiologi
Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Airlangga, Jakarta, Penerbit Salemba
Medika.
Contardo, M.S., Diaz, N., Lobos, O., Padilla, C., Giacaman, R.A., 2011,Oral
Colonization by Streptococcus mutans and its Association with Severity
of Periodontal Disease in Adults, Rev. Clin. Periodoncia Implantol.
Rehabil. Oral. 4 (1), 9-12.
Cronquist, A., 1981, An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants,
477, Columbia University Press, New York.
Cushnie, T.P.T., Lamb, A.J., 2005, Antimicrobial Activity of Flavonoid, Int.
Journ. of Antimicrobial Agent. 26 (2005), 343-346.
Doyle, M.E., Archer, J., Kaspar, C.W., Weiss, R., 2006, Human Illness Caused by
E. coli O157:H7 from Food and Non-Food Sources, FRI (Food Research
Institute), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin-Madison ,
Amerika.
Engelkirk, P., G., Burton, G., R., W., 2009, Burton’s Microbiology for The Health
Science, 8th Ed., 20-30, Lippincott William and Wilkins, New York.
Elwers, S., Zambrano, A., Rohsius, C., Lieberei, R., 2010, Histological Features
of Phenolic Compounds in Fine and Bulk Cocoa Seed (Theobroma cacao
L.), Jour of App. Bot. and Food Qual. 83 (2010), 182-188.
23
24
Fapohunda, S. O. & Afolayan A., 2012, Fermentation of Cocoa Beans and
Antimicrobial Potentials of the pod Husk Phytochemicals, J Phys Pharm
Adv. 2 (3), 158-164.
Friedman, M., Henika, P.R., Levin, C.E., Mandrell, R.E., Kozukue, N., 2006,
Antimicrobial Properties of Tea Catechin and Theaflavin and Tea Extract
againts Bacillus cereus, Jour of Food Protect. 69 (2), 354-361.
Gazzani, G., Daglia, M., Papetti, A., 2011, Food Component with Anticaries
Activity, Biotechnologi, 23 (2010) : 1-7.
Han, X., Shen, T., & Lou, H., 2007, Dietary Polyphenols and Their Biological
Significance. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 8 (2007), 950-988.
Harborne, J. B., 1996, Metode Fitokimi: Penuntun Cara Modern Menganalisis
Tumbuhan, Cetakan kedua, diterjemahkan oleh Padmawinata, K. & Soediro,
I., 49, Penerbit ITB, Bandung.
Hidayati, C., 2013, Aktivitas Antibakteri dan Bioautografi Ekstrak Aseton Kulit Buah
Kakao terhadap Escherichia coli dan Streptococcus mutans, Skripsi,
Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
Hirao, C., Nishimura, E., Kamei, M., Ohshima, T., Maeda, N., 2010, Antibacterial
of Cocoa on Periodontal Pathogenic Bacteria, J. Oral Biosc. 52 (3), 283291.
Indiana State Department of Health, 2009, Environmental Public Health, Diseases
Involving Sewage, Indiana State Department of Health, Indiana.
Manning, S.D. & Alcamo, I.E., 2005, Deadly Diseases And Epidemics:
Escherichia coli Infections, 15, 18, Chelsea House Publishers, USA.
Matsumoto M, Tsuji M, Okuda J, Sasaki H, Nakano K, Osawa K., 2004,
Inhibitory Effects of Cacao Bean Husk Extraction Plaque Formation in
Vitro and in Vivo. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15154923
(diakses tanggal 11 April 2012).
Panganiban, C.A., Reyes, R.B., Agojo, I., Armedilla, R., Consul, J.Z., Dagli, H.F.,
Esteban, L., 2012, Antibacterial Activity of Cacao (Theobroma Cacao
Linn.) Pulp Crude Extract Against Selected Bacterial Isolates, Int. Journ.
of Sci. And Clin. Lab. Jour. 1, 32-44.
Pasiga, B., 2007, Efikasi Klinik Obat Kumur yang Mengandung Limbah Kulit
Buah Kakao, http://elib.pdii.lipi.go.id/katalog/index.php/searchkatalog/
byGroup/author/72087 (diakses tanggal 10 Juni 2012).
25
Petersen, P.E., 2005, Priorities for Research for Oral Health in the 21st Century –
the Approach of the WHO Global Oral Health Programme, Community
Dental Health 22 (2005), 71-74.
Pieralisi, F.J.S., Rodrigues, M.R., Segura, V.G., Maciel, S.M., Ferreira, F.B.A.,
Garcia, J.E., and Poli-Frederico, R.C., 2009, Genotypic Diversity of
Streptococcus mutans in Caries-Free and Caries-Active Preschool
Children, Int. Jour. of Dent., 824976 (2010), 1-5.
PPKKI (Pusat Penelitian Kopi dan Kakao Indonesia), 2004, Panduan Lengkap
Budidaya Kakao, 3-13, PT AgroMedia Pustaka, Depok.
Pratiwi, T., S., 2008, Mikrobiologi Farmasi, 150-160, 188-191, Erlangga ,
Jakarta.
Preedy, V.R., Watson, R.R., Patel, V.B., 2011, Nuts and Seed in Health and
Disease Prevention, 115, Elsevier, London.
Radji, M., 2005, Buku Ajar Mikrobiologi Mahasiswa Farmasi dan Kedokteran,
127, EGC, Jakarta.
Rohman, A., 2009, Kromatografi untuk Analisi Obat, 323-328, Graha Ilmu,
Yogyakarta.
Sarker, S., D., Zahid, L., and Gray, A.,I., Natural Product Isolation, Second
Edition, 32, Humana Press Inc., Totowa.
Sartini, Djide, M. N. & Alam, G., 2007, Ekstraksi Komponen Bioaktif
Dari Limbah Kulit Buah Kakao Dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Aktivitas
Antioksidan Dan Antimikroba, Majalah Obat Tradisional, (online),
(http://mot.farmasi.ugm.ac.id//files//18kulit%20buah%20cacao_Pak%20Ala
m.pdf, diakses tanggal 13 Januari 2012).
Schrauzer, G.N., & DeVroey M.D., 2010, Healthy Chocolate Product-Comfort
Foods and Diet Aids, Biological Trace Element Research Institute,
California.
Si, W., Gong, J., Sao, R., Kalab, M., Yang, R., Yin, Y., 2006, Bioassay-guided
Purification and Identification of Antimicrobial Component in Chinese
Green Tea Extract, Journal of Chromatography A. 1125 (2), 204-210.
Smullen, J., Katsou, G.A., Foster, H.A., Zumbe, A., Storey, D.M., 2007, The
antibacterial activity of Plant Extract Containing Polyphenol againts
Streptococcus mutans, Caries Res, 41 (5), 342-349.
26
Srikanth, R.K., Shashikiran, N.D., Reddy V.V., Subba., 2008, Chocolate Mouth
Rinse: Effect on Plaque Accumulation and Mutans Streptococci Counts
when Used by Children. J. Indian Soc. Pedod. Prevent Dent. Department
of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dental Sciences and Hospital ,
Davangere, India.
Tiwari, P., Kumar, B., Kaur, M., Kaur, G., Kaur, H., 2011, Phytochemical
Screening and Isolation : a Review, Internationale Pharmaceutica
Sciencia , 1 (1), 98-106.
Wagner, H., & Bladt, S., 1996, Plant Drug Analysis : A Thin Layer
Chromatography, Second Ed, 22, 197, 306, 362, Springer, New York.
Wahyudi, T., Panggabean, T.R., & Pujiyanto, 2008, Panduan Lengkap Kakao
Manajemen Agribisnis dari Hulu Hingga Hilir , Hal.11, 47, Penebar
Swadaya, Depok.