DAFTAR PUSTAKA Aktivitas Antibakteri Dan Bioautografi Ekstrak Aseton Kulit Buah Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) Terhadap Streptococcus mutans Dan Escherichia coli.
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Bagetta, G., Cosentino, M. & Corasaniti, M.T., 2011, Herbal Medicine:
Development and Validation of Plant-Derived Medicines for HumanHealth, 440, CRC Press, United States of America.
Bergey, D. H. & Boone, D. R., 2009, Bergey’s Manual of Systematic
Bacteriology, Vol.3, Ed.2, 655, Springer Science-Business Media, New
York.
Brooks, G. F., Butel, J. S. & Morse, S. A., 2005, Mikrobiologi Kedokteran
(Medical Microbiology), Edisi 1, diterjemahkan oleh Bagian Mikrobiologi
Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Airlangga, 235, 327, 335, 353, Penerbit
Salemba Medika, Jakarta.
Cowan, M.M., 1999, Plant Products as Antimicrobial Agents, Clinical
Microbiology Review, 12 (4), 564-582.
Cushnie, T.P.T. & Lamb, A.J., 2005, Antimicrobial activity of flavonoids,
International Journal of Antimicrobial Agent, 26, 343-356.
Despal, 2005, Nutritional Properties of Urea Treated Cocoa Pod for Ruminant, 5,
Cuvillier Verlag, Gottingen-Jerman.
Entjang, I., 2003, Mikrobiologi dan Patologi: untuk Akademi Keperawatan dan
Sekolah Tenaga Kesehatan yang Sederajat, 104, Penerbit Citra Aditya
Bakti, Bandung.
Fapohunda & Afolayan, 2012, Fermentation of Cocoa Beans and Antimicrobial
Potentials of the Pod Husk Phytochemicals, Journal of Physiology and
Pharmocology Advances, 2(3), 158-164.
Farnsworth, N. R., 1966, Biological and Phytochemical Screening of Plants,
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 55 (3), 225-276.
Ferrazzano, G. F., Amato, I., Ingenito, A., Natale, A. De & Pollio, A., 2009, AntiCariogenic Effects of Polyphenols from Plant Stimulant Beverages (Cocoa,
Coffee, Tea), Fitoterapia, 80, 255-262.
Gavin, J. J., 1956, Microbiology Process Report: Analytical Microbiologi II.The
Diffusion Methods, Appl. Microbial, 5, 25-33.
Hagerman, A.E., 1988, Extraction of tannin from fresh and preserved leaves,
Journal of Chemical Ecology, 14 (2), 453-461.
24
25
Harborne, J. B., 1996, Metode Fitokimi: Penuntun Cara Modern Menganalisis
Tumbuhan, Cetakan kedua, diterjemahkan oleh Padmawinata, K. & Soediro,
I., 49, Penerbit ITB, Bandung.
Harimurti, N., 2010, Potensi Limbah Kulit Buah Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.)
Sebagai Bahan Baku Bioetanol Generasi II, Journal, (online),
(http://digilib.litbang.deptan.go.id/~bbmekanisasi/getiptan.php?src=mektan/
2010/pros14.pdf&format=application/pdf, diakses tanggal 31 Mei 2012).
Harsini, T. & Susilowati, 2010, Pemanfaatan Kulit Buah Kakao dari Limbah
Perkebunan Kakao sebagai Bahan Baku Pulp Dengan Proses Organosolv,
Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Lingkungan, 2 (2), 80-89.
Hasbullah, 2001, Tanaman Perkebunan (Kelapa, Melinjo, Kakao), (online),
(http://www.iptek.net.id/ind/warintek/?mnu=6&ttg=6&doc=6a8,
diakses
tanggal 31 Mei 2012).
Hii, C. L., Law, C. L., Suzannah, S., Misnawi & Cloke, M., 2009, Polyphenol in
Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.), Asian Journal of Food And Agro-Industry,
2(04), 702-722.
Jawetz, E., Melnick, J. L. & Adelberg, E. A., 2001, Mikrobiologi Kedokteran,
edisi XXII, diterjemahkan oleh Bagian Mikrobiologi Fakultas Kedokteran
Universitas Airlangga, 33-34, 224, Penerbit Salemba Medika, Jakarta.
Karkkainen, U.M., Ikaheimo, R., Katila, M.L., Sivonen, A. & Siitonen, A., 2000,
Low Virulence of Escherichia coli Strains Causing Urinary Tract Infection
in Renal Disease Patients, Journal Clinical Microbiology Infectious
Disease, 19, 254–259.
Katzung, B. G., 2004, Farmakologi: Dasar dan Klinik, Edisi Pertama, 170,
Salemba Medika, Jakarta.
Manning, Shannon D. & Alcamo, I. E., 2005, Deadly Diseases And Epidemics:
Escherichia coli Infections, 15, 18, Chelsea House Publishers,USA.
Mars, B., 2007, The Desktop Guide to Herbal Medicine, 57, Basic Health
Publications, United States of America.
Mensah, C. A., Adamafio, N. A., Kwarteng, K. A. & Rodrigues, F. K., 2012,
Reduced Tannin Content of Laccase-treated Cocoa (Theobroma cacao) Pod
Husk, International Journal of Biological Chemistry, 6 (1), 31-36.
Nester, E.W., Anderson, D.G., Roberts, C.E. & Nester, M.T., 2012, Microbiology
A Human Perspective, seventh edition, 60, McGraw-Hill, USA.
26
Osman, H., Nasarudin, L. & Lee, S. L., 2004, Extracts of Cocoa (Theobroma
cacao L.) Leaves and Their Antioxidation Potential, Food Chemistry, 86,
41–46.
Panganiban, C. A., Reyes, R. B., Agojo, I., Armedilla, R., Consul, J. Z., Dagli, H.
F. & Esteban, L., 2012, Antibacterial Activity of Cacao (Theobroma cacao
L.) Pulp Crude Extract Against Selected Bacterial Isolates, International
Journal of Science and Clinical Laboratory, 1, 32-44.
Pasiga, B., 2007, Efikasi Klinik Obat Kumur yang Mengandung
Limbah
Kulit
Buah
Kakao,
Laporan
Penelitian,
(online),
(http://pustaka2.ristek.go.id/katalog/index.php/searchkatalog/byId/52139,
diakses tanggal 28 Maret 2012).
Pratiwi, S. T., 2008, Mikrobiologi Farmasi, 18, 136, 138, 154-160, 188, 191-192,
Penerbit Erlangga, Jakarta.
Radji, M., 2010, Buku Ajar Mikrobiologi: Panduan Mahasiswa Farmasi &
Kedokteran, 125, Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC, Jakarta.
Sarker, S. D., Latif, Z. & Gray, A. I., 2006, Natural Products Isolation, second
edition, 368, Humana Press, United States of America.
Sartini, Djide, M. N. & Alam, G., 2007, Ekstraksi Komponen Bioaktif
Dari Limbah Kulit Buah Kakao Dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Aktivitas
Antioksidan Dan Antimikroba, Majalah Obat Tradisional, (online),
(http://mot.farmasi.ugm.ac.id//files//18kulit%20buah%20cacao_Pak%20Ala
m.pdf, diakses tanggal 13 Januari 2012).
Setiabudy, R., 2008, Farmakologi dan Terapi, Edisi V, 585, Departemen
Farmakologi dan Terapi FKUI, Jakarta.
Smullen J., Koutsou, G. A., Zumbe, A. & Storey, D. M., 2007, The Antibacterial
Activity of Plant Extracts Containing Polyphenols Against Streptococcus
mutans, Caries Res., 41, 342-349.
Tiwari, P., Kumar, B., Kaur, M., Kaur G. & Kaur H., 2011, Phytochemical
Screening And Extraction: A Review, International Pharmaceutica
Sciencia, 1 (1), 98-106.
Vriesmann, L. C., Amboni R. D. & Petkowicz, C. L., 2011, Cacao Pod
Husks (Theobroma cacao L.): Composition and Hot-Water-Soluble
Pectins, Industrial Crops and Products, 34 (1), 1173-1181.
27
Wagner, H. & Bladt, S., 1996, Plant Drug Analysis: A Thin Layer
Chromatography Atlas, second edition, 22, 197, 306, 362, Springer, New
York.
Bagetta, G., Cosentino, M. & Corasaniti, M.T., 2011, Herbal Medicine:
Development and Validation of Plant-Derived Medicines for HumanHealth, 440, CRC Press, United States of America.
Bergey, D. H. & Boone, D. R., 2009, Bergey’s Manual of Systematic
Bacteriology, Vol.3, Ed.2, 655, Springer Science-Business Media, New
York.
Brooks, G. F., Butel, J. S. & Morse, S. A., 2005, Mikrobiologi Kedokteran
(Medical Microbiology), Edisi 1, diterjemahkan oleh Bagian Mikrobiologi
Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Airlangga, 235, 327, 335, 353, Penerbit
Salemba Medika, Jakarta.
Cowan, M.M., 1999, Plant Products as Antimicrobial Agents, Clinical
Microbiology Review, 12 (4), 564-582.
Cushnie, T.P.T. & Lamb, A.J., 2005, Antimicrobial activity of flavonoids,
International Journal of Antimicrobial Agent, 26, 343-356.
Despal, 2005, Nutritional Properties of Urea Treated Cocoa Pod for Ruminant, 5,
Cuvillier Verlag, Gottingen-Jerman.
Entjang, I., 2003, Mikrobiologi dan Patologi: untuk Akademi Keperawatan dan
Sekolah Tenaga Kesehatan yang Sederajat, 104, Penerbit Citra Aditya
Bakti, Bandung.
Fapohunda & Afolayan, 2012, Fermentation of Cocoa Beans and Antimicrobial
Potentials of the Pod Husk Phytochemicals, Journal of Physiology and
Pharmocology Advances, 2(3), 158-164.
Farnsworth, N. R., 1966, Biological and Phytochemical Screening of Plants,
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 55 (3), 225-276.
Ferrazzano, G. F., Amato, I., Ingenito, A., Natale, A. De & Pollio, A., 2009, AntiCariogenic Effects of Polyphenols from Plant Stimulant Beverages (Cocoa,
Coffee, Tea), Fitoterapia, 80, 255-262.
Gavin, J. J., 1956, Microbiology Process Report: Analytical Microbiologi II.The
Diffusion Methods, Appl. Microbial, 5, 25-33.
Hagerman, A.E., 1988, Extraction of tannin from fresh and preserved leaves,
Journal of Chemical Ecology, 14 (2), 453-461.
24
25
Harborne, J. B., 1996, Metode Fitokimi: Penuntun Cara Modern Menganalisis
Tumbuhan, Cetakan kedua, diterjemahkan oleh Padmawinata, K. & Soediro,
I., 49, Penerbit ITB, Bandung.
Harimurti, N., 2010, Potensi Limbah Kulit Buah Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.)
Sebagai Bahan Baku Bioetanol Generasi II, Journal, (online),
(http://digilib.litbang.deptan.go.id/~bbmekanisasi/getiptan.php?src=mektan/
2010/pros14.pdf&format=application/pdf, diakses tanggal 31 Mei 2012).
Harsini, T. & Susilowati, 2010, Pemanfaatan Kulit Buah Kakao dari Limbah
Perkebunan Kakao sebagai Bahan Baku Pulp Dengan Proses Organosolv,
Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Lingkungan, 2 (2), 80-89.
Hasbullah, 2001, Tanaman Perkebunan (Kelapa, Melinjo, Kakao), (online),
(http://www.iptek.net.id/ind/warintek/?mnu=6&ttg=6&doc=6a8,
diakses
tanggal 31 Mei 2012).
Hii, C. L., Law, C. L., Suzannah, S., Misnawi & Cloke, M., 2009, Polyphenol in
Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.), Asian Journal of Food And Agro-Industry,
2(04), 702-722.
Jawetz, E., Melnick, J. L. & Adelberg, E. A., 2001, Mikrobiologi Kedokteran,
edisi XXII, diterjemahkan oleh Bagian Mikrobiologi Fakultas Kedokteran
Universitas Airlangga, 33-34, 224, Penerbit Salemba Medika, Jakarta.
Karkkainen, U.M., Ikaheimo, R., Katila, M.L., Sivonen, A. & Siitonen, A., 2000,
Low Virulence of Escherichia coli Strains Causing Urinary Tract Infection
in Renal Disease Patients, Journal Clinical Microbiology Infectious
Disease, 19, 254–259.
Katzung, B. G., 2004, Farmakologi: Dasar dan Klinik, Edisi Pertama, 170,
Salemba Medika, Jakarta.
Manning, Shannon D. & Alcamo, I. E., 2005, Deadly Diseases And Epidemics:
Escherichia coli Infections, 15, 18, Chelsea House Publishers,USA.
Mars, B., 2007, The Desktop Guide to Herbal Medicine, 57, Basic Health
Publications, United States of America.
Mensah, C. A., Adamafio, N. A., Kwarteng, K. A. & Rodrigues, F. K., 2012,
Reduced Tannin Content of Laccase-treated Cocoa (Theobroma cacao) Pod
Husk, International Journal of Biological Chemistry, 6 (1), 31-36.
Nester, E.W., Anderson, D.G., Roberts, C.E. & Nester, M.T., 2012, Microbiology
A Human Perspective, seventh edition, 60, McGraw-Hill, USA.
26
Osman, H., Nasarudin, L. & Lee, S. L., 2004, Extracts of Cocoa (Theobroma
cacao L.) Leaves and Their Antioxidation Potential, Food Chemistry, 86,
41–46.
Panganiban, C. A., Reyes, R. B., Agojo, I., Armedilla, R., Consul, J. Z., Dagli, H.
F. & Esteban, L., 2012, Antibacterial Activity of Cacao (Theobroma cacao
L.) Pulp Crude Extract Against Selected Bacterial Isolates, International
Journal of Science and Clinical Laboratory, 1, 32-44.
Pasiga, B., 2007, Efikasi Klinik Obat Kumur yang Mengandung
Limbah
Kulit
Buah
Kakao,
Laporan
Penelitian,
(online),
(http://pustaka2.ristek.go.id/katalog/index.php/searchkatalog/byId/52139,
diakses tanggal 28 Maret 2012).
Pratiwi, S. T., 2008, Mikrobiologi Farmasi, 18, 136, 138, 154-160, 188, 191-192,
Penerbit Erlangga, Jakarta.
Radji, M., 2010, Buku Ajar Mikrobiologi: Panduan Mahasiswa Farmasi &
Kedokteran, 125, Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC, Jakarta.
Sarker, S. D., Latif, Z. & Gray, A. I., 2006, Natural Products Isolation, second
edition, 368, Humana Press, United States of America.
Sartini, Djide, M. N. & Alam, G., 2007, Ekstraksi Komponen Bioaktif
Dari Limbah Kulit Buah Kakao Dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Aktivitas
Antioksidan Dan Antimikroba, Majalah Obat Tradisional, (online),
(http://mot.farmasi.ugm.ac.id//files//18kulit%20buah%20cacao_Pak%20Ala
m.pdf, diakses tanggal 13 Januari 2012).
Setiabudy, R., 2008, Farmakologi dan Terapi, Edisi V, 585, Departemen
Farmakologi dan Terapi FKUI, Jakarta.
Smullen J., Koutsou, G. A., Zumbe, A. & Storey, D. M., 2007, The Antibacterial
Activity of Plant Extracts Containing Polyphenols Against Streptococcus
mutans, Caries Res., 41, 342-349.
Tiwari, P., Kumar, B., Kaur, M., Kaur G. & Kaur H., 2011, Phytochemical
Screening And Extraction: A Review, International Pharmaceutica
Sciencia, 1 (1), 98-106.
Vriesmann, L. C., Amboni R. D. & Petkowicz, C. L., 2011, Cacao Pod
Husks (Theobroma cacao L.): Composition and Hot-Water-Soluble
Pectins, Industrial Crops and Products, 34 (1), 1173-1181.
27
Wagner, H. & Bladt, S., 1996, Plant Drug Analysis: A Thin Layer
Chromatography Atlas, second edition, 22, 197, 306, 362, Springer, New
York.