Materi Pelajaran Matematika Semester 1/2 SD/MI Kelas 4 bab 3 pengukuran

PUSAT PERBUKUAN
Departemen Pendidikan Nasional

Dcd

5

Rgpiwmwtcp

C{q"rgtjcvkmcp"icodct"fk"cvcu0
Fk"fcnco"twcpicp"vgtfcrcv"dgpfc/dgpfc"{cpi"dgtiwpc0
Crc"hwpiuk"lco"fkpfkpi"{cpi"ogpgorgn"fk"fkpfkpiA
Dgpfc/dgpfc"crc"uclc"{cpi"ogoknkmk"uwfwvA
Dgpfc"crc"uclc"{cpi"ogoknkmk"rcplcpiA

Mcow"cmcp"dgnclct
Ogncmwmcp"rgpiwmwtcp"uwfwv."rcplcpi."fcp"dgtcv0

Dcd"5"/"Rgpiwmwtcp

8;


C0

Uwfwv
Crcmcj"mcow"rgtpcj"ogpfgpict"mcvc"uwfwvA"Crcmcj"mcow"vcjw"ctvk"mcvc"
uwfwvA"Ugmctcpi."mcow"cmcp"dgnclct"vgpvcpi"uwfwv"fcp"rgpiwmwtcpp{c0"C{q"
egtocvk"wtckcpp{c"cict"mcow"fcrcv"ogocjcokp{c0

30" Ogpigpcn"Uwfwv
Fk"mgncu"5."mcow"ogorgnclctk"ocvgtk"vgpvcpi"uwfwv0"Ugmctcpi."ocvgtk"vgtugdwv"
cmcp"fkdcjcu"mgodcnk0"Pcowp."jcp{c"ugmcfct"wpvwm"ogpikpicvmcpow"uclc0"
C{q"cocvk"twcpi"mgncuow0"Vgpvw"cfc"{cpi"fkpcocmcp"rqlqm"twcpicp0

Rqlqm"twcpicp"fkugdwv"lwic"uwfwv0"Rqlqm"twcpicp"fkdcvcuk"qngj"fwc"fkpfkpi"
{cpi"dgtvgow"rcfc"uwcvw"vkvkm"rqlqm"*vkvkm"uwfwv+0"
Wpvwm" rgpcoccp." dkcucp{c" pcoc" uwfwv" fkdgtkmcp" uguwck" fgpicp" vkvkm"
uwfwvp{c" cvcw" uguwck" fgpicp" ukpct" {cpi" ogodgpvwmp{c0" Rgodgtkcp" pcoc"
uwfwv"fkcycnk"fgpicp"ncodcpi"∠0"C{q"rgtjcvkmcp"eqpvqj"dgtmwv"kpk0
R


C

uwfwv

ukpct

D

E
*c+

uwfwv
T

S
*d+

/"

Uwfwv" rcfc" icodct" *c+" fkdgtk" pcoc" ∠ D" *fkdcec" uwfwv" D+" cvcw" ∠ CDE"

*fkdcec"uwfwv"CDE+0

/"

Uwfwv"rcfc"icodct"*d+"fkdgtk"pcoc"∠ S"*fkdcec"uwfwv"S+"cvcw"∠ RST"
*fkdcec"uwfwv"RST+0
Uwfwv"ogtwrcmcp"fcgtcj"{cpi"fkdcvcuk"qngj"fwc"ukpct"
*mcmk"uwfwv+"{cpi"dgtrqvqpicp"rcfc"uwcvw"vkvkm0

92

Rkpvct"Dgtocvgocvkmc"wpvwm"UF1OK"Mgncu"6

Ncvkjcp
C{q"vwnkumcp"pcoc"uwfwv/uwfwv"dgtkmwv0
D

30" "

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40" "

S

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T

∠"CDE

U

V

70

Y

∠"000

Z

W
∠"000

∠"000

60" "W

X

50

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∠"000


40" Ogpigpcn"Uwfwv"Ukmw/Ukmw."Ncpekr."fcp"Vworwn
c0" Ogpigpcn"Uwfwv"Ukmw/Ukmw
Rgtjcvkmcp"uwfwv"oglcow0"Dcickocpcmcj"ukhcv/ukhcvp{cA
Uwfwv"kvw"dgtdgpvwm"
ukmw/ukmw0

Eqdcncj" mcow" vgmwm" vcpicpow" ugrgtvk" icodct"
dgtkmwv"ugjkpiic"ngpicp"nwtwu"mg"cvcu."ugfcpimcp"dcjw"
nwtwu"ogpfcvct0

Dcd"5"/"Rgpiwmwtcp

93

Vgmwmcp"vcpicpow"
ugrgtvk"kvw"ogodgpvwm"
ukmw/ukmw0

Cict"mcow"ngdkj"ogocjcok"rgpigtvkcp"uwfwv"ukmw/ukmw."ncmwmcp"mgikcvcp"
dgtkmwv"kpk0


Cmvkxkvcu"Ocvgocvkmc
30" Ugfkcmcpncj"ugngodct"mgtvcu0

40" Nkrcvncj"mgtvcu"vgtugdwv"ogplcfk"fwc"dcikcp"ucoc"dguct0

50" Mgtvcu"{cpi"vgncj"fknkrcv"vgtugdwv."mgowfkcp"nkrcv"mgodcnk"ogplcfk"gorcv"
dcikcp"{cpi"ucoc"dguct0

60" Ugncplwvp{c."dwmcncj"nkrcvcp"mgtvcu"vgtugdwv0"Crc"{cpi"mcow"vgowmcpA

94

Rkpvct"Dgtocvgocvkmc"wpvwm"UF1OK"Mgncu"6

70" Fctk"jcukn"nkrcvcpow"kvw"fkrgtqngj"gorcv"ictku"ukmw/ukmw"{cpi"ucnkpi"vgicm"
nwtwu."{cpi"fkvcpfck"fgpicp"""""0
Dgtfcuctmcp" mgikcvcp" {cpi" vgncj" fkncmwmcp" " fk" cvcu." fcrcv" fkukorwnmcp"
dcjyc"fwc"ictku"{cpi"ucnkpi"vgicm"nwtwu"cmcp"ogodgpvwm"uwfwv"ukmw/ukmw0


Uwfwv""ukmw/ukmw
d0" Ogpigpcn"Uwfwv"Ncpekr"fcp"Vworwn
Crcmcj"mcow"rgtpcj"ogpgowmcp"dgpfc"ugrgtvk"fk"dcycj"kpkA"

C
D

C{q" rgtjcvkmcp" uwfwv" dcpiwp" fk" cvcu" {cpi" fkvcpfck" qngj" jwtwh"C0" Uwfwv"
dcpiwp"vgtugdwv"ngdkj"mgekn"lkmc"fkdcpfkpimcp"fgpicp"uwfwv"ukmw/ukmw0"Ugogpvctc"
kvw."uwfwv"{cpi"fkvcpfck"fgpicp"jwtwh"D."ngdkj"dguct"fctkrcfc"uwfwv"ukmw/ukmw0

Uwfwv"Ncpekr

Dcd"5"/"Rgpiwmwtcp

Uwfwv"Ukmw/Ukmw

Uwfwv"Vworwn

95


Ncvkjcp
C{q"vwplwmmcp"ocpc"uwfwv"ncpekr."ukmw/ukmw."fcp"vworwn0
30"

40" "

50" "

60

70"

80" "

90" "

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320

"

e0" Ogpiicodct"Uwfwv"Ukmw"/"Ukmw
Cict"mcow"fcrcv"ogpiicodct"uwfwv"ukmw/ukmw."ncmwmcpncj"mgikcvcp"dgtkmwv"
kpk0

Cmvkxkvcu"Ocvgocvkmc
Ugfkcmcp."?"."@0
30" uwfwv"C"”"uwfwv"E
40" uwfwv"D"”"uwfwv"G
50" uwfwv"E"”"uwfwv"F
60" uwfwv"F"”"uwfwv"C
70" uwfwv"D"”"uwfwv"F

60" Ogpigpcn"Gorcv"Ctcj"Ocvc"Cpikp

Fk" ugdgncj" ocpcmcj" ocvcjctk" vgtdkvA" Fk" ugdgncj" ocpcmcj" ocvcjctk"
vgtdgpcoA" Lkmc" mcow" ogpijcfcr" mg" ctcj" ocvcjctk" vgtdgpco." fk" ugdgncj"
mcpcpow"ctcj"crc"fcp"fk"ugdgncj"mktkow"ctcj"crcA
Fctk"rgtvcp{ccp/rgtvcp{ccp"fk"cvcu."mcow"vgpvw"cmcp"ogplcycd"ctcj"vkowt."
dctcv."wvctc."fcp"ugncvcp0"Mggorcv"ctcj"vgtugdwv"fkpcocmcp"ctcj"ocvc"cpikp0"
Lkmc"fkicodctmcp."ctcj"ocvc"cpikp"cfcncj"ugdcick"dgtkmwv0

Dcd"5"/"Rgpiwmwtcp

:3

W

D

Q

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Ctcj"wvctc"fkukpimcv"W."ctcj"vkowt"fkukpimcv"V."ctcj"ugncvcp"fkukpimcv"U."
fcp"ctcj"dctcv"fkukpimcv"D0
Fctk"icodct"ctcj"ocvc"cpikp"fk"cvcu."ctcj"wvctc"fcp"vkowt"ogodgpvwm"
uwfwv" vgicm" nwtwu" cvcw" ∠WQV" ?" ;2£." ugfcpimcp" ctcj" wvctc" fgpicp" ugncvcp"
ogodgpvwm"uwfwv"nwtwu"cvcw"∠WQU"?"3:2£0

Ncvkjcp
Vgpvwmcpncj"dguct"uwfwv"{cpi"fkdgpvwm"qngj"fwc"ctcj"ocvc"cpikp"dgtkmwv0
30" ctcj"U"fcp"D"

60" ctcj"V"fcp"D

40" ctcj"V"fcp"U"

70" ctcj"D"fcp"D

50" ctcj"W"fcp"D

70" Dguct"Uwfwv"Ucvw"Rwvctcp."Ugvgpicj"Rwvctcp."fcp"Ugrgtgorcv"
Rwvctcp
Rwvtc" dgtnctk" ogpignknkpik" ncrcpicp"
dgtdgpvwm" nkpimctcp0" Kc" dgtmgnknkpi" ucvw"
rwvctcp0"

:4

Ucvw"rwvctcp"rgpwj"
ucoc"fgpicp"582£0

Rkpvct"Dgtocvgocvkmc"wpvwm"UF1OK"Mgncu"6

Tqpk"lwic"ogpignknkpik"ncrcpicp"kvw0"Kc"dgtmgnknkpi"ugdcp{cm"vkic"rgtgorcv"
nkpimctcp0
Vkic"rgtgorcv"rwvctcp"
rgpwj"ucoc"fgpicp"
492£0

Mgowfkcp"dgtmgnknkpi"ncik"ugdcp{cm"ugvgpicj"rwvctcp0
Ugvgpicj"rwvctcp"
rgpwj"ucoc"fgpicp"
3:2£0

Fkpc"fcvcpi0"Fkpc"rwp"kmwv"dgtnctk0"Kc"dgtmgnknkpi"ugrgtgorcv"rwvctcp0
Ugrgtgorcv"rwvctcp"
ucoc"fgpicp";2£0

Dcd"5"/"Rgpiwmwtcp

:5

Cmvkxkvcu"Ocvgocvkmc
Dwcvncj"fwc"dkncj"mc{w"fctk"vtkrngm0"Ugncplwvp{c."nwdcpikncj"mgfwc"
dkncj"vgtugdwv"rcfc"ucncj"ucvw"wlwpip{c0"Mgowfkcp."wlwpi"dkncj"{cpi"uwfcj"
vgtnwdcpik"vgtugdwv"fkucvwmcp"fgpicp"ogpiiwpcmcp"owt0"Ugvgncj"vgtdgpvwm."
mcow"cmcp"ogorgtqngj"oqfgn"ugrgtvk"icodct"dgtkmwv0

Ugncplwvp{c."rwvctncj"ucncj"ucvw"dkncj"vgtugdwv"ugjkpiic"ogodgpvwm"ugrgtgorcv"
rwvctcp."ugvgpicj"rwvctcp."vkic"rgtgorcv"rwvctcp."fcp"ucvw"rwvctcp"rgpwj0"Ugvkcr"
mcnk"ogncmwmcp"rgowvctcp."icodctncj"rqukuk"dkncjp{c"fgpicp"rgpukn0

Ncvkjcp
Mgtlcmcpncj"uqcn/uqcn"dgtkmwv"kpk0
30" Vgpvwmcpncj"dguct"uwfwv"rwvctcp"rcfc"lctwo"lco"dgtkmwv0

40" Icodctncj"lctwo"lco"{cpi"ogpwplwmmcp<
c0" ugvgpicj"rwvctcp"""

d0" ucvw"rwvctcp"" "

e0" ugrgtgorcv"rwvctcp

50" Tkpk"dgtnctk"ogpignknkpik"nkpvcucp"dgtdgpvwm"nkpimctcp"ugdcp{cm"fwc"mcnk0"
Dgtcrc"rwvctcp"Tkpk"ogpignknkpik"nkpvcucpA

:6

Rkpvct"Dgtocvgocvkmc"wpvwm"UF1OK"Mgncu"6

D0

Ycmvw
Mcow"uwfcj"ogocjcok"rgpigtvkcp"uwfwv"fcp"rgpiwmwtcpp{c0"Ugmctcpi."
mcow"cmcp"dgnclct"vcpvcpi"ucvwcp"ycmvw"fcp"rgpiwmwtcpp{c0

30" Cncv/Cncv"Wmwt"Ycmvw
Dgtkmwv"kpk"cfcncj"dgdgtcrc"cncv"wmwt"ycmvw0

Lco"fkpfkpi

Lco"vcpicp

Lco"fkikvcn

40" Jwdwpicp"Cpvctucvwcp"Ycmvw"
Cict"mcow"fcrcv"ogocjcok"jwdwpicp"cpvctucvwcp"ycmvw."rgtjcvkmcpncj"
wtckcp"dgtkmwv"kpk0
c0" Cpfk"rgtik"mg"mcoct"ocpfk"ugncoc"82"fgvkm0

ownck"dgtcpimcv"
mg"mcoct"ocpfk

ugvgncj"ucorck"mg"
mcoct"ocpfk

Rgtjcvkmcp"icodct"lco"fk"cvcu0"Ugvgncj"Cpfk"ucorck"fk"mcoct"ocpfk."lctwo"
fgvkm"dgtrwvct"ugdcp{cm"82"ictku"umcnc"fcp"lctwo"ogpkv"dgtigugt"3"ictku"umcnc"
cvcw"3"ogpkv0"Fgpicp"fgokmkcp.
82"fgvkm"?"3"ogpkv
d0" Rcm"Dwtjcp"rgtik"mg"mcpvqt"ogpigpfctck"ugrgfc"oqvqt"ugncoc"82"ogpkv0

ownck"dgtcpimcv"
mg"mcpvqt

Dcd"5"/"Rgpiwmwtcp

ugvgncj"ucorck"mg"
mcpvqt

:7

Ugvgncj" Rcm" Dwtjcp" ucorck" fk" mcpvqt." lctwo" ogpkv" dgtrwvct" ugdcp{cm"
82" ictku" umcnc" fcp" lctwo" lco" dgtigugt" 3" ictku" umcnc" cvcw" 3" lco0" Fgpicp"
82"ogpkv"?"3"lco
fgokmkcp.
Dgtfcuctmcp"wtckcp"fk"cvcu."fcrcv"fkukorwnmcp"jwdwpicp"cpvctucvwcp"lco."
ogpkv."fcp"fgvkm"ugrgtvk"dgtkmwv"kpk0
3"ogpkv""?"82"fgvkm
3"lco"" ?"82"ogpkv
3"lco"" ?"82"ogpkv"?"82"î"3"ogpkv"?"82"î"82"fgvkm"?"50822"fgvkm
Eqpvqj
30" Cpfk"ogpigtlcmcp"rgmgtlccp"twocjp{c"ugncoc"4"
lco0"Dgtcrc"ogpkv"Cpfk"ogpigtlcmcp"rgmgtlccp"
twocjp{cA
"

Lcycd

"

3"lco"?"82"ogpkv

"

4"lco"?"4"î"3"lco"?"4"î"82"ogpkv"?"342"ogpkv

"

Lcfk." Cpfk" ogpigtlcmcp" rgmgtlccp" twocjp{c"
ugncoc"342"ogpkv0
40" Tcjoc" dgnclct" ocvgocvkmc" ugncoc" 6" lco0" Dgtcrc" fgvkm" Tcjoc" dgnclct"
ocvgocvkmcA
"

Lcycd
3"lco"?"50822"fgvkm
6"lco"?"6"î"3"lco"?"6"î"50822"fgvkm"?"360622"fgvkm
Lcfk."Tcjoc"dgnclct"ocvgocvkmc"ugncoc"360622"fgvkm0

Ncvkjcp
C0" C{q"ugnguckmcp"uqcn/uqcn"dgtkmwv"kpk0
30" Rqrk"dgmgtlc"fk"uwcvw"rgtwucjccp"ugncoc":"lco"fcnco"ugjctk0"Dgtcrc"
ogpkv"Rqrk"dgmgtlc"fcnco"ugjctkA
40" Rcm" Vctocp" ogodclcm" ucycjp{c" ugncoc" 7" lco0" Dgtcrc" fgvkm" Rcm"
Vctocp"ogodclcm"ucycjp{cA
50" Dw"Vkpc"dgtdgncplc"mg"yctwpi"ugncoc"52"ogpkv0"Dgtcrc"fgvkm"Dw"Vkpc"
dgtdgncplcA
60" Fctoc"ogodcec"dwmw"ugncoc"342"ogpkv0"Dgtcrc"fgvkm"Fctoc"ogodcec"
dwmwA

:8

Rkpvct"Dgtocvgocvkmc"wpvwm"UF1OK"Mgncu"6

70" Tkupc"dgnclct"fk"ugmqncj"ugncoc"ucvw"ugvgpicj"lco0"Dgtcrc"fgvkm"Tkupc"
dgnclctA
D0" Kukncj"vkvkm/vkvkm"dgtkmwv"fgpicp"dgpct0
30" 32"ogpkv" ?"”"fgvkm"

80" 32"lco"

?"”"ogpkv" "

40" 5"lco"

?"”"fgvkm"

90" 52"ogpkv" ?"”"fgvkm" "

50" 7"lco"

?"”"ogpkv"

:0" 462"fgvkm" ?"”"ogpkv" "

60" ;"lco"

?"”"fgvkm"

;0" 3:2"ogpkv" ?"”"lco"

70" 9"lco"

?"”"fgvkm"

320" 582"ogpkv" ?"”"lco"

"

40" Jwdwpicp"cpvctc"Jctk."Okpiiw."Dwncp."Vcjwp."Ykpfw."fcp"
Cdcf
Mcngpfgt"fk"ucorkpi"
fkiwpcmcp"wpvwm"
ogpijkvwpi"jctk."
dwncp."fcp"vcjwp

Rgtjcvkmcp"mcngpfgt"vgtugdwv0
Ugdwvmcp"pcoc/pcoc"jctkp{c0
Cfc"dgtcrc"jctk"fcnco"ucvw"okpiiwA
Cfc"dgtcrc"okpiiw"fcnco"3"dwncpA
Cict"mcow"ngdkj"ogocjcok"jwdwpicp"cpvctc"jctk."okpiiw."dwncp."vcjwp."
ykpfw."cdcf."rgtjcvkmcpncj"wtckcp"dgtkmwv"kpk0
c0" Dwfk" ogpicfcmcp" Vcocu{c" mg" Mqvc"
Dcpfwpi"ugncoc"ugokpiiw0"
Fcnco"3"okpiiw"cfc"9"jctk0
Lcfk."
" "

3"okpiiw"?"9"jctk

d0" Twfk"ogpijkvwpi"dcp{cmp{c"jctk"fcnco"
ucvw" dwncp" rcfc" mcngpfgt" {cpi" cfc" fk"
twocjp{c0

Dcd"5"/"Rgpiwmwtcp

:9

Ugncoc"3"dwncp"cfc"
52"jctk0

Lcfk.
" 3"dwncp"?"52"jctk

e0" Rcm" Pwtfkp" dgtvwicu" mg" nwct" pgigtk" ugncoc" 3" vcjwp." {ckvw" fctk" vcpiicn"
3" Lcpwctk" 422:" jkpiic" 53" Fgugodgt" 422:0"Cpcmp{c" ogpijkvwpi" ncoc"
c{cjp{c"dgtvwicu"fgpicp"ogpiiwpcmcp"mcngpfgt"{cpi"cfc"fk"twocj0

Dwncp/dwncp"{cpi"fkngycvk"Rcm"Pwtfkp"jkpiic"rwncpi"mgodcnk"cfcncj<
Lcpwctk." Hgdtwctk." Octgv." Crtkn." Ogk." Lwpk." Lwnk." Ciwuvwu." Ugrvgodgt."
Qmvqdgt."Pqxgodgt."fcp"Fgugodgt
Vgtp{cvc."dcp{cm"pcoc"dwncp"fcnco"ugvcjwp"cfc"340"Lcfk."
3"vcjwp"?"34"dwncp

::

Rkpvct"Dgtocvgocvkmc"wpvwm"UF1OK"Mgncu"6

Dgtfcuctmcp"wtckcp"fkcvcu."jwdwpicp"cpvctucvwcp"ycmvw"vgtugdwv"cfcncj"
ugdcick"dgtkmwv<

3"okpiiw"

?" 9"jctk

3"vcjwp"

?" 6"vtkywncp

3"dwncp""

?" 52"jctk

3"vcjwp"

?" 5"ecvwtywncp

3"dwncp""

?" 6"okpiiw

3"ykpfw"

?" :"vcjwp

3"vcjwp"

?" 34"dwncp"

3"fcucyctuc" ?" 32"vcjwp

3"vcjwp"

?" 587"jctk

3"cdcf"

?" 322"vcjwp

3"vcjwp"

?" 74"okpiiw

3"fgmcfg"

?" 30222"vcjwp

Eqpvqj
30" 6"vcjwp"?"”"dwncp
Lcycd
3"vcjwp"?"34"dwncp
6"vcjwp"?"6"î"3"vcjwp"?"6"î"34"dwncp"?"6:"dwncp
40" 46"dwncp"?"”"jctk
Lcycd
3"dwncp"?"52"jctk
46"dwncp"?"46"î"52"jctk"?"942"jctk

Ncvkjcp
C{q"mgtlcmcp"uqcn/uqcn"dgtkmwv"kpk0

E0

30" 34"vcjwp" ?"”"dwncp"

80" 6"vcjwp"

?"”"okpiiw

40" 7"dwncp"

?"”"jctk"

90" 722"vcjwp" ?"”"cdcf

50" 6"vcjwp"

?"”"jctk"

:0" 92"vcjwp"

?"”"fcucyctuc

60" :"ykpfw" ?"”"vcjwp"

;0" 62"vcjwp"

?"”"ykpfw

70" 302;7"jctk"?"”"vcjwp"

320" 32"fgmcfg" ?"”"vcjwp

Rcplcpi
Rgtpcjmcj"mcow"ogpfgpict"rcplcpi"oglc"dgnclctowA"Dgtcrcmcj"rcplcpi"
oglc"dgnclctowA"Ugmctcpi."mcow"cmcp"dgnclct"vgpvcpi"rgpiwmwtcp"rcplcpi"
fcp"jwdwpicp"cpvctucvwcp"rcplcpi0"C{q"egtocvk"wtckcp"dgtkmwv"kpk0

Dcd"5"/"Rgpiwmwtcp

:;

30" Ogpigpcn"Cncv"Wmwt"Rcplcpi"
Wpvwm" ogpiwmwt" rcplcpi" uwcvw" dgpfc" fkdwvwjmcp" cncv" wmwt0" Okucnp{c."
wpvwm"ogpiwmwt"rcplcpi"dwmw."rcplcpi"oglc."jkpiic"ogpiwmwt"rcplcpi"lcncp0"
Dgtkmwv"kpk"cfcncj"eqpvqj/eqpvqj"cncv"wmwt"rcplcpi0

Okuvct

Ogvgtcp

40" Jwdwpicp"Cpvctucvwcp"Rcplcpi
Wpvwm"ogocjcok"jwdwpicp"cpvctucvwcp"rcplcpi."c{q"egtocvk"wtckcp"dgtkmwv"kpk0
c0" Cfk"ogpiwmwt"rcplcpi"oglcp{c"fgpicp"okuvct0

Rcplcpi" oglc" cfcncj" 3" ogvgt" 47" ugpvkogvgt0" Ogvgt" fkukpimcv" o" fcp"
ugpvkogvgt"fkukpimcv"fgpicp"eo0"Lkmc"fkwmwt"fgpicp"okuvct"dgtucvwcp"ugpvkogvgt."
ocmc"fkrgtqngj"jcukn"347"eo."{ckvw"322"eo"-"47"eo0Lcfk."
3"o"?"322"eo
d0" Ugdwcj"dwu"rcplcpip{c"32"ogvgt0"Lkmc"vgtfcrcv"322"dwu"{cpi"fkngvcmmcp"
ugectc"dgtfgtgv."ocmc"rcplcpip{c"fkugdwv"3"mknqogvgt."fkukpimcv"3"mo0

Qngj"mctgpc"rclcpi"dwu"32"ogvgt."ocmc"wpvwm"322"dwu"rcplcpi"vqvcnp{c"
cfcncj"30222"ogvgt0"Lcfk."
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