VCA FILED SCHOOL TRAINING 2012 SRI LANKA

  Nonedited version – Group 0 1 solely developed by participants Dhampura

  VCA Report Consolidation of Field Sessions Exercise

  

VCA FILED SCHOOL TRAINING 2012

SRI LANKA [Lesu, Zasra, Razzaque, Rob, Dr. Amamunullah, Gamani, Gothmi, Kolit ha , Premakumar & Janit h]

  Nonedited version – solely developed by participants

1. Introduction

1.1 Introduction to Dahampura Village

  

Dahampura is a sm all Grama Niladhari Division in Western Province of Sri Lanka and locat ed in Colombo, the capit al cit y. This

belongs to Kolonnawa Divisional Secret ariat w ith area of 0.75 sq km .

The total population of Dahampura is 5500 (2011 estimate); among them are 1830 children and total of 1850 fam ilies. The m ain

ethnic group is t he Sinhalese, with a populat ion of 3372 people. The most notable of the other et hnic groups are; t he Tam il and the

M uslim s. Official language is Sinhala Predom inant ly (over 56%) people are Buddhist plus Islam , Catholic and Hindu Comm unit ies.

In Dahampura, life expectancy at birth is 70 years (source DS, Kolonnaw a). About 90% of the people live in slum s. M ajorit y of the

people are laborers (40%). About 40% people are illit erat e. 90% of people are estimated to be employed in different sectors; own

business, governm ent and private sect or et c.

The Community is prone to various disast ers such as floods (due to water logging), disease epidem ics (Skin diseases, dengue, viral

fever et c.). In addition of these, social problem s such as drug addict ions exist in t he community. Dahampura is a low land area

surrounded w ith m arshy land like a valley.

Because of the demographical nature of the area, Dahampura is highly prone to floods (w at er logging conditions). The dist ance from

t he local river is about 500 m . The Kelani River affects the com munity and in the last 10 decades this river affect ed 1000 fam ilies

and their houses. Also rainy water affected 450 fam ilies in t he community. Even w it h a small rainfall for about 1 -2 hours, whole

community w ill get affect ed w ith flood wat er and wat er will remain for about 2 – 3 hours. Wat er level rise up to 3 – 4 feet.

Flood rat ing for Daham pura is considered as “ High” compared to t he other GN in t he Kolonnawa Divisional Secret ary area (source

….).

There is a huge garbage dumping yard near t he comm unit y covering more than 5 acres. The garbage not only from Kolonnawa

Urban Council, but also from Colombo M unicipal and Jayawardhapaura M C also unloaded here from 2007. This is one of the major

threats for t he day to day life of the people in Dahampura village.

  The number of people get affect ed w it h communicable diseases has been increasing during last 5 years.

It is report ed that significant number of males are addict ed to alcoholism and drugs. Especially the youth (15 – 17 years) are

addicted t o drugs stimulant s (prescribed drugs). This is t he recent t rend among the youth. This is m ainly due to the educat ion status

of the youths.

The socio econom ic condit ion of the people in Dahampura is poor (source DS Kolonnawa) M ost of them have lim ited livelihood

opt ions and also wit h low capacity & know ledge to prepared for and respond to disast ers. Educat ion level of t he comm unity

m embers are low compared t o the educat ion st andards of Sri Lanka. School dropout rates are very high in Dahampura. M ost of the

children leave school in grade 8 -9. Even though there are m any reasons behind this, t he unstable econom ical situat ion of the

parents, t he negligence, lack of knowledge on importance of educat ion are som e of the key fact ors increasing t he drop out rates.

The community has wooden houses and roof w it h iron roofing sheet s. The houses are closely sit uated and none of them have t it le

deeds to their lands. Init ially, there were only 10 fam ilies inhabiting the area in 1974. At that t ime this was a paddy land. People

start ed filling paddy fields from 1980s and built t heir houses.

The most vulnerable com munity groups in the village are t hose who live in low lands, disabled people, elderly people, children,

lact at ing children, pregnant m others and drug addicted groups

  Nonedited version – solely developed by participants

The com munity is about 30 m inutes drive from capital of Colombo and road is in good condition to access the com munity.

  

Com munity has access to t elephone signals, elect ricit y and pipe born water. Com munity people feel safer. They are not worried

about security problem except floods.

  Figure 1 – Arial View of Dahampura Village Nonedited version – solely developed by participants 1. 2. SLRCS programming

SLRCS has planned to implement Integrat ed Programm e for Community Resilience (IPCR) in 25 communities in 5 dist ricts nam ely

Colombo, M atara, Badulla, M annar and Kegalle. Within a dist rict , 5 most vulnerable com munit ies will be select ed for project

im plem entation. The program m e implem entat ion w ill be done by the respective dist rict branch in each dist rict .

Colombo dist rict branch has selected Dahampura village as one of the 5 villages t o implem ent IPCR programm e during next t wo

years. The funding is secured only for one year to complete t he 1

st

stage. The selection of the village is done in consult at ion with the relevant governm ent authorit ies. Colombo branch has experiences in im plem ent ing sim ilar project during last 8 years.

  2. Assessment The follow ing are the t ools used for assessment in the Dahampura community.

  Water logging area

  o

  Evacuation area – pump house

  o

  Temple

  o

  Communit y Cent re

  The Capacit ies identified: o

  The sew erage system connects to t he canal

  o

  o

  1. M apping (Risks/ Vulnerabilities/ Capacities)

  Damaged drainage syst em

  o

  Blocked Canal

  o

  Damaged culvert s

  o

  Garbage Dump

  o

  The communit y members t oget her w it h t he Grama Niladari ident ified t heir risks and recourses t o draw t he village map. The Risks ident ified:

  Schools Nonedited version – solely developed by participants

2. Seasonal Calendar

  Jan Feb M ar Apr M ay Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Due t o the

  Flooding/ Rainy rain of x x x x

  Season ot her areas

  Dry Season / x x

  W at er shortage Diseases x

• Vir al fever
• Dengue f ever

  x x

• Skin Disease

  x x x Sinhala/ Hi Thaipong

  Festival Season ndu new Deep Chr ist al

yr f est ival Poson

Vesak

avali m as

  School Vacation x x x

  High Incom e x x

  Low Incom e

x

x

  During the mont hs of January and April,

• t here is high income, because t he availability of jobs is high and also t he motivation to earn more is high due t o t he upcoming festival seasons. Low income during t he month of
• November was not ed due t o the high expense for school accessories.

  Nonedited version – solely developed by participants

• Flooding periods w ere noted to be frequent t hroughout t he year. In addit ion to that due t o the rain in other areas, t he Dahampura area get s affected.

  Seasonal Calendar m aking by the com munity

3. Historical Profile

• 1974 - 10 houses / rest of the GND was a paddy field
• 1980 - People st arted filling paddy fields and building houses
• 1982 - A housing scheme was launched for 72 houses. A loan of 25 ,000 rupees given
• 1986 – Houses w ere completed w ith t he community hall. The village development societ y was

  est ablished

• 1989 – Huge flood – 300 families w ere destroyed w it h the propert ies. They moved to safer places in

  Kolonnawa area. Also Kolonnawa Urban council start ed to dump their garbage t o the area

• 1992 - Pre school st arted in the communit y hall. People prot ested against the dumping yard because

  t he children st art ed gett ing sick. The garbage dumping was st opped t emporarily because of t he prot est .

• 2000 – Again the Urban Council st art ed dumping
• 2004 – Since t hen couldn’t use t he w ell w ater due to contaminat ion w ith garbage
• 2007 – Colombo M unicipalit y Council st art ed t o dump their garbage to t he same area.
• 2008 – Plague – rat (leptospirosis)
• 2010 – 2 children died by dengue fever. About 100 families w ere affect ed. About 20 w ere very serious

  Nonedited version – solely developed by participants

4. Pairw ise Ranking H G F E D C B A SCORE RANK

  7

  1 B Sanitat ion (Toilet) B B F B B B x x

  5

  3 C Diseases C C F C C x x x

  4

  4 D

  A Flood A A A A A A A x

23 Wat ta – Narrow Road H G F E x x x x

  5 F Garbage Dumping F F x x x x x x

  6

  2 G No com munit y hall G x x x x x x x

  2

  6 Historical Profile illustration w ith chalk on the floor

  3

  8 E Alcoholism / Drugs Abuse E E F x x x x x Nonedited version – solely developed by participants H Play ground H x x x x x x x

  1

  f. Bad smell emanating from the garbage heap

  b. No cleaning services from t he UC

  a. Not enough doct ors

  5. Insufficient services

  a. M ost of t he children leave school at t he age of 14 – 15

  4. High rate of school drop outs

  b. Youth are addict ed t o prescribed drugs

  a. Significant % of male populat ion addict ed t o alcoholism/ drugs

  3. Drug addiction

  e. Use of unsafe water

  7

  d. Un-cleanliness of the t oilet s

  c. Improper sew erage systems – Sew erage syst ems are opened to canal

  b. Use of common t oilets

  a. Insufficient t oilet s

  2. Sanit at ion issues –

  1. Diseases – Dengue, Skin diseases, viral fever, frequent headaches, germ infect ions

  The focus group was a Women Group Common Problems

  5. Focus Group Discussion

  c. In some areas (101 wat ta) , in sufficient w ater supply Nonedited version – solely developed by participants

6. Insufficient infrastructure facilit ies

  a. Narrow roads – difficulty to reach houses, difficultly in t ransferring a patient t o a hospit als

  b. No community centre w hich is usable Ot her findings 1. M ost of t he males are involved in labour work. Some of t hem w ork in government, privat e organization.

  2. M any of the females are not employed. Some of them w ork in garment fact ories, as a house maids in nearby villages

  3. Garbage is a huge problem for them. They believe that t he rat e of NCD diseases increase, due t o the blockage of canals cause of flooding, headaches due to bad smelling, environment is very unclean. Also many said t hat the relations do not like to visit t heir houses due t o bad smell.

  Focus Group Discussion w ith women Nonedited version – solely developed by participants

6. Institutional Netw ork Analysis The communit y members ident ified fift een organizat ions and inst it ut ions. Institutions & Organizations Rank

  11

  01

  09 Wimalaramaya Temple

  08 Elect ricit y board

  07 Water board

  13 Poloice station and w ellampit aya civil securit y committ ee

  10 Samurdi Bank

  “ Diriya M aga” communit y de velopment foundat ion

  Grama Niladari and his office

  02 Divisional Secret ariat

  04

  15 Government Dispensary

  14 Prime Gramin M icro Finance (Dhahampura wat ta)

  12 Sport s club and preschool (Dhahampura watt a)

  03 Rural Development Society

  05 Urban council

  06 M id Wife and office

  “ Diriya Wanit ha” w omen’s societ y Nonedited version – solely developed by participants

  7. Direct Observation

  Aft er t he community mapping exercise, direct observat ion was made to cross check t he findings made on the map and also t o understand the communit y cont ext such as how big and nearby t he dump was. It w as observed t hat many people w ere scavenging from t he dump and found t hat t his was used as a source of income.

  8. Key Informant Interviews We int erview ed Grama Niladhari of t he village.

  Finding from the Key Informant Discussion: Drama Niladhari mentioned t he most pressing needs of t he sub segments of t he communit y

  1. 101 Wat ta –

  a. Development of health infrastructure facilit ies such as t oilets

  b. Leadership trainings, youth camps, recreational facilit ies

  c. Construction of community centre 2.

23 Wat ta

  a. Construction of a anicut t o regulate t he flood w at er

  b. Widen the road 3.

97 Wat ta/ Dahampura

a. Construction of a w all against t he canal

  Ot her points

• Import ance of developing t he att itudes of t he peoples
• Import ance of engaging t he school leavers
• Developing t he skills and know ledge on different aspect s w hich helps t o t heir day t o day life (financial management system, savings methodologies et c.)

Nonedited version – solely developed by participants

• The provision of relief is not w ort hwhile

3. Situation analysis and Rationality:

  

Before developing the problem tree w e conducted an assessm ent of the com m unity by using various VCA assessm ent t ools, w hich

are as follows-

• Direct Observat ion
• Com munity mapping (including social issues, hazards, risks, vulnerabilit y & capacit y)
• Seasonal Calendar
• Focused Group Discussion (FGD)
• Inst it ut ional & Organizat ional Analysis (by using Venn Diagram )
• Historical Profile, and
• Ranking

  Above VCA tools has been applied by two consecut ive days w ithin the community, w here lot of comm unit y people from different

  level joined w ith us and worked into several groups.

  After get ting inform at ion from above VCA t ools w e compiled all inform at ion and reviewed accordingly, t hen w e finalized following

  findings as on priority basis- Findings:
• Land ownership issues
• High risk areas/ community/ seasonal diseases
• Seasonal flood & wat er logging due t o lack of maint enance of cannel & culvert s/ outlet s
• No proper garbage disposal syst em
• M ost of the cannel and drainages are blocked due to communal used is a damping rubbish areas.
• High mosquito breeding places as a result it becam e m alaria and vect or-born disease.
• No evacuat ion area
• No playground and healt h centers
• People need to w alk at least 600 meters away for nearby their health services and t o go to Colombo Hospitals t hey also need t o spent Rs.12 per person as t ravel cost.
• Som e of young peoples are drug addict ed
• Som e fam ilies are engaged to sell and deal w ith Alcohol

Nonedited version – solely developed by participants

• Scrap scavenge is a good source of incom e som e very lit tle number of fam ilies
• Nursery center in a poor condit ions
• Som e fam ilies are using one comm unal t oilet
• There is a public well, which w as being used by them , but now it is using t o wash vehicles only.
• Pipe Wat er and elect ricit y available w it hin the com munity
• Good paved road into t he comm unity
• High power voltage w ent through the community
• Priest are t he most respect ive and influent ial leader of the comm unity Aft er that w e tried to fit and short out all t hese findings int o the following Program developm ent tools-

  A. Problem Tree

  B. Objective Tree

3.1 Problem analysis:

  To find out main problem s of the Dahampura com munity, we t he group members sat t ogether and had reviewed and short ed out t he issues according to the following st eps- Problem statem ent: “ Sickness & Hygiene” 1.

  2. Direct causes: w e ident ified three direct causes that w e m ent ioned into the chart of Problem t ree under green boxes

  3. Indirect causes: Here w e t ried t o find linkages that are laying in bet ween direct causes and root causes, w hich is called as “ Indirect causes” (20 indirect causes has been m ent ioned int o the yellow boxes)

Root causes: These are the basic fact ors w hich are contributing m ore to create indirect and direct causes. We found 20 root

  4. cause under t hree groups of indirect causes, w hich m ent ioned into the pink color boxes)

3.2 Need Analysis:

  

To develop Object ive Tree, we reviewed the Problem Tree and consider all problem s according to steps then we t ried to turn

problem s into the Objective t ree.” Healthy & Safer Comm unity” is t he Goal st atement of this objective t ree. We found three

Objectives as a whole that m ent ioned into the red box of t he figure. These three Object ives have been linked with another nine

“ Indirect Object ives” which are fit t ed into the yellow boxes. When we further rethink on these nine indirect object ives w e could able

t o find out thirty act ivit ies all t ogether for this Objective tree.

It is m ent ionable that both the Problem Tree and Objective Tree has been validat ed by the community before m ake it final. At last

community m em bers w ere pleased w it h findings and appreciat ed. They also find out som e new act ivities w

  Nonedited version – solely developed by participants

3.2.3 Problem Tree Problem Tree

  

Sickness & Poor

Prob

  

Hygiene

lem

  3. Disease &

1. Illegal

  Direct

  

2. Poor sanitation

Stress alcoholism & drug cause abuse

  1.1

1.3 Peer Pollution Not Not

  I enough cleaned Highly pressure

  Neglige Mosquit n availabili Toilets Toilet nce o bites d ty of ir drugs e c

  1.4

1.2 Lack Lack of Over No Garbage Contami t Stress of

  

access to proper

crowding nated c educatio

  

Health sewera

water a n facilities ge u Lack of s

  Poor Use of Poverty Habits of infrastruc practices unsafe hygiene ture & habits water lack Poor law & enforcement No proper Many Ro maintenance Unaffordable of Unemployment breeding Lack of space to ot of drainage health services places of pass stool & ca systems urines us

  Water logging Unaffordable es of health care No common Polluted Over crowding services space such as- environment Play ground, community center to meet

  Condition of Garbage No regular Lack of community the area dumping services from awareness of together

  (low land) government good health authorities practices Nonedited version – solely developed by participants Dhampu ra VCA Report b y Grou p objective Tree

  Goal

1. To reduce substance abuse

  1.1 To increase the knowledge of effects of substance abuse

  3.1 To enhance social cohesion among the community members

  3.2 To improve the copping mechanism (support system)

  3.3 To improve recreatio n facilities

  Objective Act iviti es Sp ecif ic Obj ecti ve

  Healthy & Safer community

  

2. To decrease mortality &

morbidity due to communicable disease

  2.4 To improve community good health practices

  2.2 To increase the health facilities & community infrastructure

  2.3 To reduce number the rate of skin disease in the community

  2.1 To reduce number of people affected by Dengue

  3. To enhance physiological wellbeing

1.2 To improve law enforcement

  To conduct 20 awareness campaign about substance abuse

  To formation of relevant community committee To response team on FA, Health, Relief, Evacuation, Hygiene

  To advocacy with Govt. to reduce effects of garbage To take initiatives to widen narrow roads of the community

  Increase public enforcement Encourage religious activities Drug addicts rehabilitation activities Formation of security committees

  Fumigation in the mosquito breeding places Advocate & facilitated for proper garbage dumping

  To develop IEC materials on Dengue, Hygiene & Skin disease

  To established of clubs (Youth, Children & Women)

  To arrange vocational training for youth To arrange IGP for youth & female

  To conduct 20 awareness campaign about substance abuse

  To develop IEC material for specific topics wise To arrange recreational activities

  To conduct stakeholders’ meeting To train people on self-care technique & physiological FA To organize quarterly community gathering To support community festival To provide recreational materials To counseling with community

  To renovate four culverts To conduct 20 awareness campaign/ session To construct new common Toilet & renovate existing To conduct medical camps (Quarterly) To conduct regular community meeting with volunteers/ stakeholder quarterly To conduct environmental cleaning campaign

  

Nonedited version – solely developed by participants Dhampu ra VCA Report b y Grou p Nonedited version – solely developed by participants Dh ampura VCA Repor t by Group

  4. Goal and Objectives Goal : Healthy & Safer community Objectives

  1. To reduce substance abuse

  2. To decrease mortality & morbidity due to communicable disease

  3. To enhance physiological wellbeing

  5. Program Strategies

  1. Communit y mobilizat ion - organizing communit ies by format ion of commit tees and teams as w ell as building t heir capacities

  

2. Coordinat ion and corporat ion w ith stakeholders – to get t he support of relevant stakeholders as w ell

as t o share information as w ell as for resource mobilizat ion

  3. Preparedness and mit igat ion –to reduce t he risk of the people through soft w are and hardware programming

  4. Advocacy – Influence the government aut horities and officials to change or develop and also t o implement exist ing policies.

  4. Goal and Objectives Goal :

  Healthy & Safer community Objectives

  4. To reduce substance abuse

  5. To decrease mortality & morbidity due to communicable disease

  6. To enhance physiological wellbeing Nonedited version – solely developed by participants

6. Program Strategies

  5. Communit y mobilizat ion - organizing communit ies by format ion of commit tees and teams as w ell as building t heir capacities

  

6. Coordinat ion and corporat ion w ith stakeholders – to get t he support of relevant stakeholders as w ell

as t o share information as w ell as for resource mobilizat ion

  7. Preparedness and migrat ion –to reduce t he risk of the people through soft w are and hardware programming

8. Advocacy – Influence the government aut horities and officials to change or develop and also t o implement exist ing policies.

  Dh ampura VCA Repor t by Group

  

Nonedited version – solely developed by participants

7. Plan of action

  Dh ampura VCA Repor t by Group

  Nonedited version – solely developed by participants Dhampu ra VCA Report b y Grou p

  Activities Target group Responsible Internal resource available External resource needed Timeframe

  M ay Ju ne

  Ju ly Au Se p

  Oc t No v

  De c Ja nu

  Feb Mar April 1. Staff recruitment & Office set up

2. Conduct stakeholders’

  X 3.

  VDMC leaders Community centre,

  X X

  X X

  X X 7.

  Formation and training of village response team on FA, Health, Relief, Evacuation, Hygiene and security committees

  Selected community members

  Trained RC staff and volunteers Experienced and trained staff/ Existing committees

  X X

  X X 8.

  Conduct quarterly stakeholder meetings All stakeholders (government, non- government organizations, community leaders etc.)

  X X

  X X

  X X 9.

  Establishment of youth and children clubs Youth members and School children as age groups

  SLRCS Youth & community members Youth Committee

  X 10.

  Conduct medical camps (bi-annually)

  Elderly people, children and other vulnerable

  VDMC & Red Cross Staff

  Trained staff (HR), materials, logistics

  X X

  X X

  X X

  Formation of Village Disaster Management Committees (VDMC)

  X X

  Whole community members Project staff, Grama Niladhari, District Assistant Directors of DMC

  Trained staff, good rapport with the government agencies, Logistics

  X 4.

  Conduct awareness campaign

  4.1 Awareness campaign (6

  Nos.) on Red Cross

  dissemination, introduction to DM, Dengue, Skin diseases, Good health habits

  Community members Project Staff, PHI, Community leaders

  Trained staff (HR), logistics

  X X

  VDMC Logistics

  X

  4.2 Awareness campaign on substance abuse (3 Nos) Selected community groups

  Project staff, Relevant committees (VDMC) Trained staff (HR), materials, logistics

  X X

  X 5.

  Develop package of IEC materials on Dengue, Hygiene & Skin disease and substance abuse

  Whole community Project staff, technical agencies

  meeting

  X 6.

  Conduct monthly meetings of VDMCs Community members

  Experienced staff, logistics Nonedited version – solely developed by participants Internal

  Timeframe External Activities Target group Responsible resource resource needed available

  community members People living

  Conduct environmental

  VDMC & Municipal Trained staff 11. around the canal cleaning activities Council/ Red Cross (HR), materials,

  X X

  X X

  X

  and the drainage regularly Staff logistics system

  Controlling of mosquito 12. breeding places Municipal Council/ Trained staff (Fumigation in the Whole community

  VDMC and Red Cross (HR), materials,

  X mosquito breeding Staff logistics

  X

  places) Trained staff

  Organize Two community

  VDMC & Red Cross 13. Whole community (HR), materials,

  X X

  X X

  gatherings Staff logistics Support celebration of Trained staff 14.

  VDMC & Red Cross community festivals and Whole community (HR), materials, Staff

  X X

  X

  significant days logistics Construction Cell/ Skilled &

  Renovate existing

  VDMC & Red Cross 15. Whole Community unskilled

  X X

  X

  common toilets Staff community members Construction Cell/ Skilled &

  VDMC & Red Cross Renovate culverts Whole Community unskilled

  X X

  X 16.

  Staff community members

  Dhampu ra VCA Report b y Grou p Nonedited version – solely developed by participants Risks assumptions

• Polit ical instabilit y of the count ry
• Government policies and priorities on urban development and land use management
• Impact of climate change relat es to unexpect ed changes t o w eather pat terns, e.g unexpect ed rainfall
• Communit y and Red Cross commit ments to make t his project w orks and achieved it s object ives
• Communit y polit ics- e.g new leaders emerged when new project is implemented,
• Red Cross capacit y (HR), priorit y areas and policies may affect t he implementat ion of the project
• Government (local government aut hority) commitment and financial support
• Length of project (1 year) is not feasible
• Weak or absent of a good monitoring and evaluat ion framework

8. Budget

  Approximat ely Rs. 10 million Names of the Group 01 Participants

  Lesu Waqaniburotu M .D. Abdur Rob Aminath Shazra Gothami

  V.Premakumar Kolit ha .P. Pat hirana

  22