M Reza Zayinur R G2A009010 Bab8KTI
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
1.
Dr. Fransisca S. K. PNEUMONIA1 .2000
2.
Burke
A
Cunha,
MD. Nosocomial
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/234753-overview
Pneumonia.
(accessed
26
Desember 2012).
3.
Michael S. Niederman, M.D. and Donald E. Craven, M.D.. . Guidelines for
the Management of Adults with Hospital-acquired, Ventilator-associated, and
Healthcare-associated Pneumonia.2004;1(1):29
4.
Tietjen., Linda., dkk.(2004). Panduan Pencegahan Infeksi Untuk Fasilitas
Pelayanan Dengan Sumber Daya Terbatas. Penerbit Yayasan Bina Pustaka
Sarwono Prawiroharjo.
5.
Fartoukh M., Maitre. (2003). Diagnosing Pneumonia During Mechanical
Ventilation. American Journal of Critical Care 168 :173-179.
6.
Kollef MH. The prevention of ventilatorassociated pneumonia. N Engl J Med
2005;340:627-34.
7.
Rello J, Lorente C, Diaz E, BodiM, Boque C, SandiumengeA, et al. Incidence,
etiology and outcome of nosocomial pneumonia in ICU patients requiring
percutaneous tracheotomy for mechanical ventilation. Chest 2003;124:223911
38
39
8.
Sole, M.L., Poalillo., F.E, Byers, J.F., Ludy, J.E. (2002). Bacterial Growth In
Secretions And On Suctioning Equipment Of Orally Intubated Patients A Pilot
Study. American Journal of Critical Care. 11: 141-149
9.
Augustyn, B. (2007). Risk Factor and Prevention Ventilator associated
pneumonia Critical Care Nurse. 2007;27: 32-39
10.
Chulay,
M
(2005)
VAP
Prevention:
The
Latest
Guidelines.
http://rn.modernmedicine.com/rnweb/articleDetail.jsp?id=149672.
11.
Sudoyo, Aru W dkk (Editor). Ilmu Penyakit Dalam I edisi 5. Jakarta:
Internapublishing.2009
12.
Dorland. Kamus Kedokteran Dorland. Jakarta: EGC. 2008
13.
Peter JP, Burkhard L. Mechanical Ventilation: Clinical Appications and
Pathophisiology. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier; 2008. p. 247-9
14.
Torres A, et al. Ventilator-associated pneumonia. Eur Respir J. 2001;
17:1034-1045
15.
Retno Widyaningsih. . Pola Kuman Penyebab Ventilator Associated
Pneumonia (VAP) dan Sensitivitas Terhadap Antibiotik di RSAB Harapan
Kita.2012;13():7
16.
Prasenohadi. . Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) (Patogenesis dan
Diagnosis).2007;5(e.g. 2):5
17.
Parjam S Zolfaghari and Duncan LA Wyncoll. The tracheal tube: gateway to
ventilator-associated pneumonia. e.g. Jet Powered Motors.2011;(7):8
40
18.
Kollef MH. Prevention of hospital-associated pneumonia and ventilatorassociated pneumonia. Crit Care Med. 2004;32:1396-1405.
19.
Salvatore G, Luciana M, Marco R. in Miller’s Anesthesia. 7th ed.
Philadelphia: Churcill Livingstone Elsevier; 2010. p. 2880-81
20.
Shaila S. Practical Applicationof Mechanical Venilation: New York: The
McGraw-Hill; 2010
21.
M. H. Wilke. . Guideline-Adherent Initial Intravenous Antibiotic Therapy for
Hospital-Acquired/Ventilator Associated Pneumonia is Clinically Superior,
Saves Lives and is Cheaper than non Guideline Adherent Therapy.2011; 16:
315-323
22.
Dahlan MS. Mendiagnosis dan Menata Laksana 13 Penyakit Statistik:
Disertai Aplikasi Program Stata. 7th ed. Jakarta. Sagung Seto; 2010
23.
Dan L. Longo, Dennis L. Kasper, J. Larry Jameson, Anthony S. Fauci,
Stephen L. Hauser, Joseph Loscalzo. Harrison's. 1st ed. USA. Mc Graw Hill;
2012
24.
San-Kuei Huang3 and Ching-Wen Chien4. RESEARCH ARTICLE. Longterm medical utilization following ventilatorassociated pneumonia in acute
stroke and traumatic brain injury patients: a case-control study.2011;11(7):3
41
25.
Cook DJ, Meade MO, Hand LE, et al: Toward understanding evidence
uptake: semirecumbency for pneumonia prevention. Crit Care Med
2002;30:1472-7.
42
Uji Normalitas Lama Hari Perawatan
Kolmogorov-Smirnov
Case Processing Summary
Valid
Lama Hari Rawat
Dx VAP
VAP Positive
VAP Negative
N
18
57
Percent
100.0%
100.0%
Cases
Missing
N
Percent
0
.0%
0
.0%
Total
N
18
57
Percent
100.0%
100.0%
Descriptives
Lama Hari Rawat
Dx VAP
VAP Positive
VAP Negative
Mean
95% Confidence
Interval for Mean
5% Trimmed Mean
Median
Variance
Std. Deviation
Minimum
Maximum
Range
Interquartile Range
Skewness
Kurtosis
Mean
95% Confidence
Interval for Mean
5% Trimmed Mean
Median
Variance
Std. Deviation
Minimum
Maximum
Range
Interquartile Range
Skewness
Kurtosis
Lower Bound
Upper Bound
Lower Bound
Upper Bound
Statistic
11.78
8.97
Std. Error
1.332
14.59
11.31
10.00
31.948
5.652
5
27
22
8
1.229
1.714
5.14
4.51
.536
1.038
.316
5.77
5.06
4.00
5.694
2.386
1
11
10
3
.563
-.180
.316
.623
43
Tests of Normality
a
Lama Hari Rawat
Kolmogorov-Smirnov
Statistic
df
Sig.
.179
18
.132
.210
57
.000
Dx VAP
VAP Positive
VAP Negative
Statistic
.900
.935
Shapiro-Wilk
df
18
57
Sig.
.057
.004
a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
Uji Normalitas Lama Hari Perawatan (Trans)
Kolmogorov-Smirnov
Case Processing Summary
Valid
trans_watu
Dx VAP
VAP Positive
VAP Negative
N
18
57
Percent
100.0%
100.0%
Cases
Missing
N
Percent
0
.0%
0
.0%
Total
N
18
57
Percent
100.0%
100.0%
44
Descriptives
trans_watu
Dx VAP
VAP Positive
VAP Negative
Mean
95% Confidence
Interval for Mean
5% Trimmed Mean
Median
Variance
Std. Deviation
Minimum
Maximum
Range
Interquartile Range
Skewness
Kurtosis
Mean
95% Confidence
Interval for Mean
Lower Bound
Upper Bound
Lower Bound
Upper Bound
5% Trimmed Mean
Median
Variance
Std. Deviation
Minimum
Maximum
Range
Interquartile Range
Skewness
Kurtosis
Statistic
1.0278
.9295
Std. Error
.04661
1.1261
1.0236
1.0000
.039
.19776
.70
1.43
.73
.33
.215
-.486
.6584
.5975
.536
1.038
.03043
.7194
.6703
.6021
.053
.22978
.00
1.04
1.04
.24
-.808
.937
.316
.623
Tests of Normality
a
trans_watu
Dx VAP
VAP Positive
VAP Negative
Kolmogorov-Smirnov
Statistic
df
Sig.
.111
18
.200*
.228
57
.000
*. This is a lower bound of the true significance.
a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
Uji Non-Parametrik Lama Hari Perawatan
Mann- Whitney
Statistic
.975
.918
Shapiro-Wilk
df
18
57
Sig.
.878
.001
45
Tests of Normality
a
trans_watu
Kolmogorov-Smirnov
Statistic
df
Sig.
.111
18
.200*
.228
57
.000
Dx VAP
VAP Positive
VAP Negative
Statistic
.975
.918
*. This is a lower bound of the true significance.
a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
Test Statisticsa
Mann-Whitney U
Wilcoxon W
Z
Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed)
trans_watu
104.500
1757.500
-5.128
.000
a. Grouping Variable: Dx VAP
BIODATA MAHASISWA
Identitas
Nama
: M Reza Zayinur R
NIM
: G2A009010
Shapiro-Wilk
df
18
57
Sig.
.878
.001
46
Tempat, tanggal lahir
: Sukabumi, 15 Februari 1991
Jenis kelamin
: Laki – laki
Alamat
: Jl. Cibeureum No. 144 RT 03/01 Sukabumi
Nomor HP
: 085329913069
e-mail
: eza_zr@yahoo.co.id
Riwayat Pendidikan Formal
1. SD
: 1997
Lulus tahun: 2003
2. SMP
: 2003
Lulus tahun: 2006
3. SMA
: 2006
Lulus tahun: 2009
4. FK UNDIP
:
Masuk tahun: 2009
Data Rekam Medik
No.
No. Catatan Medik
Jenis Kelamin
1 = L, 2 =P
Lama Perawatan
47
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
C 319000
C 319810
C 152120
C 326011
C 285918
C 304242
C314833
C328502
C312632
C300224
C457004
C322374
C611734
C307703
C270573
C143534
C280694
C295964
C288564
C294483
C322597
C320417
C299378
C299175
C292063
C325477
C310239
C133659
C308879
C305700
C230196
B381387
C312887
C317067
C309287
C328127
C295158
B424608
C298578
C284581
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
1
2
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
2
2
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
7
4
2
2
11
4
11
4
2
6
4
10
4
1
13
9
3
4
2
6
4
20
10
5
10
8
4
5
7
7
5
15
6
4
4
1
6
7
6
5
48
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
C288521
C295151
C283471
C286970
C286061
C272181
C267582
C222772
C281334
C300194
C274874
C276475
C291765
C284326
C277519
C282808
C149208
C277518
C174378
C282868
C280694
C295003
C288564
C270573
C282263
C291522
C289072
C295857
C298578
C243965
C299175
C264314
C295174
C277342
C293729
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
2
1
2
2
1
2
1
2
2
2
1
2
1
1
2
7
2
5
4
4
15
6
4
27
4
4
5
17
8
9
9
7
6
9
4
4
4
2
15
4
8
3
7
3
10
8
6
4
6
10
49
Dokumentasi Penelitian
1.
Dr. Fransisca S. K. PNEUMONIA1 .2000
2.
Burke
A
Cunha,
MD. Nosocomial
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/234753-overview
Pneumonia.
(accessed
26
Desember 2012).
3.
Michael S. Niederman, M.D. and Donald E. Craven, M.D.. . Guidelines for
the Management of Adults with Hospital-acquired, Ventilator-associated, and
Healthcare-associated Pneumonia.2004;1(1):29
4.
Tietjen., Linda., dkk.(2004). Panduan Pencegahan Infeksi Untuk Fasilitas
Pelayanan Dengan Sumber Daya Terbatas. Penerbit Yayasan Bina Pustaka
Sarwono Prawiroharjo.
5.
Fartoukh M., Maitre. (2003). Diagnosing Pneumonia During Mechanical
Ventilation. American Journal of Critical Care 168 :173-179.
6.
Kollef MH. The prevention of ventilatorassociated pneumonia. N Engl J Med
2005;340:627-34.
7.
Rello J, Lorente C, Diaz E, BodiM, Boque C, SandiumengeA, et al. Incidence,
etiology and outcome of nosocomial pneumonia in ICU patients requiring
percutaneous tracheotomy for mechanical ventilation. Chest 2003;124:223911
38
39
8.
Sole, M.L., Poalillo., F.E, Byers, J.F., Ludy, J.E. (2002). Bacterial Growth In
Secretions And On Suctioning Equipment Of Orally Intubated Patients A Pilot
Study. American Journal of Critical Care. 11: 141-149
9.
Augustyn, B. (2007). Risk Factor and Prevention Ventilator associated
pneumonia Critical Care Nurse. 2007;27: 32-39
10.
Chulay,
M
(2005)
VAP
Prevention:
The
Latest
Guidelines.
http://rn.modernmedicine.com/rnweb/articleDetail.jsp?id=149672.
11.
Sudoyo, Aru W dkk (Editor). Ilmu Penyakit Dalam I edisi 5. Jakarta:
Internapublishing.2009
12.
Dorland. Kamus Kedokteran Dorland. Jakarta: EGC. 2008
13.
Peter JP, Burkhard L. Mechanical Ventilation: Clinical Appications and
Pathophisiology. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier; 2008. p. 247-9
14.
Torres A, et al. Ventilator-associated pneumonia. Eur Respir J. 2001;
17:1034-1045
15.
Retno Widyaningsih. . Pola Kuman Penyebab Ventilator Associated
Pneumonia (VAP) dan Sensitivitas Terhadap Antibiotik di RSAB Harapan
Kita.2012;13():7
16.
Prasenohadi. . Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) (Patogenesis dan
Diagnosis).2007;5(e.g. 2):5
17.
Parjam S Zolfaghari and Duncan LA Wyncoll. The tracheal tube: gateway to
ventilator-associated pneumonia. e.g. Jet Powered Motors.2011;(7):8
40
18.
Kollef MH. Prevention of hospital-associated pneumonia and ventilatorassociated pneumonia. Crit Care Med. 2004;32:1396-1405.
19.
Salvatore G, Luciana M, Marco R. in Miller’s Anesthesia. 7th ed.
Philadelphia: Churcill Livingstone Elsevier; 2010. p. 2880-81
20.
Shaila S. Practical Applicationof Mechanical Venilation: New York: The
McGraw-Hill; 2010
21.
M. H. Wilke. . Guideline-Adherent Initial Intravenous Antibiotic Therapy for
Hospital-Acquired/Ventilator Associated Pneumonia is Clinically Superior,
Saves Lives and is Cheaper than non Guideline Adherent Therapy.2011; 16:
315-323
22.
Dahlan MS. Mendiagnosis dan Menata Laksana 13 Penyakit Statistik:
Disertai Aplikasi Program Stata. 7th ed. Jakarta. Sagung Seto; 2010
23.
Dan L. Longo, Dennis L. Kasper, J. Larry Jameson, Anthony S. Fauci,
Stephen L. Hauser, Joseph Loscalzo. Harrison's. 1st ed. USA. Mc Graw Hill;
2012
24.
San-Kuei Huang3 and Ching-Wen Chien4. RESEARCH ARTICLE. Longterm medical utilization following ventilatorassociated pneumonia in acute
stroke and traumatic brain injury patients: a case-control study.2011;11(7):3
41
25.
Cook DJ, Meade MO, Hand LE, et al: Toward understanding evidence
uptake: semirecumbency for pneumonia prevention. Crit Care Med
2002;30:1472-7.
42
Uji Normalitas Lama Hari Perawatan
Kolmogorov-Smirnov
Case Processing Summary
Valid
Lama Hari Rawat
Dx VAP
VAP Positive
VAP Negative
N
18
57
Percent
100.0%
100.0%
Cases
Missing
N
Percent
0
.0%
0
.0%
Total
N
18
57
Percent
100.0%
100.0%
Descriptives
Lama Hari Rawat
Dx VAP
VAP Positive
VAP Negative
Mean
95% Confidence
Interval for Mean
5% Trimmed Mean
Median
Variance
Std. Deviation
Minimum
Maximum
Range
Interquartile Range
Skewness
Kurtosis
Mean
95% Confidence
Interval for Mean
5% Trimmed Mean
Median
Variance
Std. Deviation
Minimum
Maximum
Range
Interquartile Range
Skewness
Kurtosis
Lower Bound
Upper Bound
Lower Bound
Upper Bound
Statistic
11.78
8.97
Std. Error
1.332
14.59
11.31
10.00
31.948
5.652
5
27
22
8
1.229
1.714
5.14
4.51
.536
1.038
.316
5.77
5.06
4.00
5.694
2.386
1
11
10
3
.563
-.180
.316
.623
43
Tests of Normality
a
Lama Hari Rawat
Kolmogorov-Smirnov
Statistic
df
Sig.
.179
18
.132
.210
57
.000
Dx VAP
VAP Positive
VAP Negative
Statistic
.900
.935
Shapiro-Wilk
df
18
57
Sig.
.057
.004
a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
Uji Normalitas Lama Hari Perawatan (Trans)
Kolmogorov-Smirnov
Case Processing Summary
Valid
trans_watu
Dx VAP
VAP Positive
VAP Negative
N
18
57
Percent
100.0%
100.0%
Cases
Missing
N
Percent
0
.0%
0
.0%
Total
N
18
57
Percent
100.0%
100.0%
44
Descriptives
trans_watu
Dx VAP
VAP Positive
VAP Negative
Mean
95% Confidence
Interval for Mean
5% Trimmed Mean
Median
Variance
Std. Deviation
Minimum
Maximum
Range
Interquartile Range
Skewness
Kurtosis
Mean
95% Confidence
Interval for Mean
Lower Bound
Upper Bound
Lower Bound
Upper Bound
5% Trimmed Mean
Median
Variance
Std. Deviation
Minimum
Maximum
Range
Interquartile Range
Skewness
Kurtosis
Statistic
1.0278
.9295
Std. Error
.04661
1.1261
1.0236
1.0000
.039
.19776
.70
1.43
.73
.33
.215
-.486
.6584
.5975
.536
1.038
.03043
.7194
.6703
.6021
.053
.22978
.00
1.04
1.04
.24
-.808
.937
.316
.623
Tests of Normality
a
trans_watu
Dx VAP
VAP Positive
VAP Negative
Kolmogorov-Smirnov
Statistic
df
Sig.
.111
18
.200*
.228
57
.000
*. This is a lower bound of the true significance.
a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
Uji Non-Parametrik Lama Hari Perawatan
Mann- Whitney
Statistic
.975
.918
Shapiro-Wilk
df
18
57
Sig.
.878
.001
45
Tests of Normality
a
trans_watu
Kolmogorov-Smirnov
Statistic
df
Sig.
.111
18
.200*
.228
57
.000
Dx VAP
VAP Positive
VAP Negative
Statistic
.975
.918
*. This is a lower bound of the true significance.
a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
Test Statisticsa
Mann-Whitney U
Wilcoxon W
Z
Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed)
trans_watu
104.500
1757.500
-5.128
.000
a. Grouping Variable: Dx VAP
BIODATA MAHASISWA
Identitas
Nama
: M Reza Zayinur R
NIM
: G2A009010
Shapiro-Wilk
df
18
57
Sig.
.878
.001
46
Tempat, tanggal lahir
: Sukabumi, 15 Februari 1991
Jenis kelamin
: Laki – laki
Alamat
: Jl. Cibeureum No. 144 RT 03/01 Sukabumi
Nomor HP
: 085329913069
: eza_zr@yahoo.co.id
Riwayat Pendidikan Formal
1. SD
: 1997
Lulus tahun: 2003
2. SMP
: 2003
Lulus tahun: 2006
3. SMA
: 2006
Lulus tahun: 2009
4. FK UNDIP
:
Masuk tahun: 2009
Data Rekam Medik
No.
No. Catatan Medik
Jenis Kelamin
1 = L, 2 =P
Lama Perawatan
47
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
C 319000
C 319810
C 152120
C 326011
C 285918
C 304242
C314833
C328502
C312632
C300224
C457004
C322374
C611734
C307703
C270573
C143534
C280694
C295964
C288564
C294483
C322597
C320417
C299378
C299175
C292063
C325477
C310239
C133659
C308879
C305700
C230196
B381387
C312887
C317067
C309287
C328127
C295158
B424608
C298578
C284581
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
1
2
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
2
2
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
7
4
2
2
11
4
11
4
2
6
4
10
4
1
13
9
3
4
2
6
4
20
10
5
10
8
4
5
7
7
5
15
6
4
4
1
6
7
6
5
48
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
C288521
C295151
C283471
C286970
C286061
C272181
C267582
C222772
C281334
C300194
C274874
C276475
C291765
C284326
C277519
C282808
C149208
C277518
C174378
C282868
C280694
C295003
C288564
C270573
C282263
C291522
C289072
C295857
C298578
C243965
C299175
C264314
C295174
C277342
C293729
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
2
1
2
2
1
2
1
2
2
2
1
2
1
1
2
7
2
5
4
4
15
6
4
27
4
4
5
17
8
9
9
7
6
9
4
4
4
2
15
4
8
3
7
3
10
8
6
4
6
10
49
Dokumentasi Penelitian