T BING 1201205 Table Of Content

TABLE OF CONTENTS

APPROVAL PAGE ....................................................................................
DECLARATION ......................................................................................
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ......................................................................
TABLE OF CONTENTS ..........................................................................
LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................
LIST OF CHARTS ...................................................................................
ABSTRACT .............................................................................................

i
ii
iii
iv
vi
vii
viii

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ..............................................................
1.1 Background of the Study ......................................................................
1.2 Research Questions .............................................................................

1.3 Purpose of the Study ...........................................................................
1.4 Scope of the Study ..............................................................................
1.5 Significance of the Study ....................................................................
1.6 Clarification of the Terms ....................................................................
1.7 Thesis Organization ............................................................................

1
1
2
2
3
3
3
4

CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW ...................................................
2.1 Anxiety ...............................................................................................
2.2 Type of Anxiety ..................................................................................
2.2.1 Trait Anxiety ..............................................................................
2.2.2 State Anxiety ..............................................................................

2.2.3 Situation Specific Anxiety ..........................................................
2.3 Language Anxiety ...............................................................................
2.4 Components of Language Anxiety ......................................................
2.4.1 Anxieties at Different Stages .....................................................
2.4.2 Performance Anxieties ...............................................................
2.4.3 Anxieties of Different Language Contexts ..................................
2.4.4 Anxieties of Contrasting Effects ...............................................
2.5 Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety (FLCA) ...................................
2.6 Types of Foreign Language Anxiety (Horwitz et al.’s (1986))...............
2.6.1 Communication Apprehension ...................................................
2.6.2 Test Anxiety ..............................................................................
2.6.3 Fear of Negative Evaluation ......................................................
2.7 Factors of Anxiety ...............................................................................
2.8 Coping Strategies (Defense Mechanism) .............................................
2.8.1 Flight Behaviors .........................................................................
2.8.2 Aggressive Behaviors .................................................................

5
5
6

6
7
7
8
9
10
12
12
14
15
16
16
18
18
20
21
22
22

iv

Siti Nuraeni Muhtar , 2014
STUDENTS’ FOREIGN LANGUAGE CLASSROOM ANXIETY (FLCA)
IN EFL CLASSROOM: IT’S LEVELS, SOURCES AND COPING STRATEGIES
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu

2.8.3 Group Manipulation Behaviors ...................................................
2.8.4 Compromise Behaviors ..............................................................
2.9 Implications for Teaching and Learning ..............................................
2.10 Previous Studies ................................................................................

22
23
24
26

CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY ...........................................................
3.1 Introduction ........................................................................................
3.2 Research Design .................................................................................
3.3 Data Collection ...................................................................................
3.3.1 Research Site ..............................................................................

3.3.2 Subjects of the Study ..................................................................
3.3.3 Steps of Data Collection .............................................................
3.3.4 Data Collection Techniques ........................................................
3.3.4.1 Observation ....................................................................
3.3.4.2 Semi-Structured Interview ..............................................
3.3.4.3 Questionnaires ................................................................
3.4 Data Analysis ......................................................................................
3.4.1 Analyzing the Data from Observation .........................................
3.4.2 Analyzing the Data from Interview .............................................
3.4.3 Analyzing the Data from Questionnaire .....................................
3.5 Validity and Reliability ........................................................................
3.6 Concluding Remarks ...........................................................................

34
34
34
35
35
36
36

37
38
40
43
44
44
45
46
47
48

CHAPTER IV: RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION .................
4.1 The Kind of Anxiety Experienced by Students in Learning English .....
4.2 The Source of Students Anxiety in Learning English ...........................
4.2.1 Communication Apprehension ....................................................
4.2.2 Test Anxiety ...............................................................................
4.2.3 Fear of Negative Evaluation .......................................................
4.3 The Coping Strategies Students Use for Their Language Anxiety ........
4.3.1 Flight Behaviors .........................................................................
4.3.2 Aggressive Behaviors .................................................................

4.3.3 Group Manipulation Behaviors ...................................................
4.3.4 Compromise Behaviors .............................................................
4.4 Concluding Remarks ...........................................................................

49
49
53
55
60
63
67
68
75
77
78
80

CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION, LIMITATION, & RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Conclusion ..........................................................................................
5.2 Limitation of the Study .......................................................................

5.3 Recommendation ................................................................................

81

v
Siti Nuraeni Muhtar , 2014
STUDENTS’ FOREIGN LANGUAGE CLASSROOM ANXIETY (FLCA)
IN EFL CLASSROOM: IT’S LEVELS, SOURCES AND COPING STRATEGIES
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu

84
84

REFERENCES .........................................................................................

86

APPENDICES ..........................................................................................
APPENDIX 1 : Interview Transcripts and Coding .....................................
APPENDIX 2 : Sources and Coping Strategies from Interview .................

APPENDIX 3 : Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale .....................
APPENDIX 4 : Level Of Students’ Foreign Language Anxiety ................

95
96
128
130
133

LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1 Specifications of Defense Mechanism by Ehrman ......................

23

Table 2.2 A Model of the Role of Anxiety in Language Learning ..............

24

Table 3.1 The Schedule of Data Collection ................................................

37

Table 3.2 The Detail Schedule of the Interview .........................................

43

Table 3.3 Likert’s Scoring Table Adopted from Horwitz et al. (1986) .........

46

Table 3.4 FLCAS Anxiety Scale ................................................................

47

Table 4.1 Descriptive Statistics for Students’ FLA .....................................

49

Table 4.2 EFL Students’ Foreign Language Anxiety Levels .......................

49

Table 4.3 Means of FLCA Items ...............................................................

52

Table 4.4 Three main Sources of EFL Students’ FLA ................................

54

Table 4.5 Means of Communication Apprehension Items ..........................

55

Table 4.6 Means of Test Anxiety Items ......................................................

60

Table 4.7 Means of Fear of Negative Evaluation Items ..............................

64

vi
Siti Nuraeni Muhtar , 2014
STUDENTS’ FOREIGN LANGUAGE CLASSROOM ANXIETY (FLCA)
IN EFL CLASSROOM: IT’S LEVELS, SOURCES AND COPING STRATEGIES
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu

LIST OF CHARTS
Chart 4.1 EFL Students’ FLA Levels .........................................................

50

Chart 4.2 Three Main Sources of EFL Students’ FLA ................................

54

vii
Siti Nuraeni Muhtar , 2014
STUDENTS’ FOREIGN LANGUAGE CLASSROOM ANXIETY (FLCA)
IN EFL CLASSROOM: IT’S LEVELS, SOURCES AND COPING STRATEGIES
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu