ANALISIS DAN PENYEBARAN PROPERTI ZONA RESERVOIR, FORMASI TANJUNG BAGIAN BAWAH, CEKUNGAN BARITO, PROVINSI KALIMANTAN SELATAN.
DAFTAR ISI
Halaman
ABSTRAK ................................................................................................
i
ABSTRACT .............................................................................................
ii
KATA PENGANTAR ..............................................................................
iii
DAFTAR ISI ............................................................................................
vi
DAFTAR GAMBAR ................................................................................
ix
DAFTAR TABEL ....................................................................................
xii
BAB I. PENDAHULUAN ........................................................................
1
1.1 Latar Belakang ...........................................................................
1
1.2 Ruang Lingkup dan Pembatasan Masalah ...................................
2
1.3 Maksud dan Tujuan Penelitian ....................................................
2
1.4 Lokasi dan Waktu Pelaksanaan Penelitian ..................................
3
1.5 Manfaat Penelitian ......................................................................
3
BAB II. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA .............................................................
5
2.1 Geologi Regional.........................................................................
5
2.1.1 Cekungan Barito .................................................................
6
2.1.2 Stratigrafi Cekungan Barito ................................................
7
2.1.3 Tektonik Dan Struktur Geologi Cekungan Barito ................
13
2.2 Landasan Teori ...........................................................................
15
2.2.1 Fasies..................................................................................
15
2.2.2 Model Fasies.......................................................................
16
vi
2.2.3 Hubungan Fasies Dan Lingkungan Pengendapan ................
17
2.2.4 Konsep Elektrofasies ..........................................................
27
2.2.5 Jenis-Jenis Log Sumur ........................................................
31
2.2.5.1 Log Gamma Ray (GR) .................................................
31
2.2.5.2 Log Spontaneous Potensial (SP) ..................................
33
2.2.5.3 Log Resistivity..............................................................
34
2.2.5.4 Log Porosity ................................................................
35
2.2.5.4.1 Log Sonic .............................................................
35
2.2.5.4.2 Log Neutron .........................................................
37
2.2.5.4.3 Log Densitas .........................................................
38
BAB III. METODE PENELITIAN .........................................................
40
3.1 Objek Penelitian ..........................................................................
40
3.2 Alat-alat Penelitian ......................................................................
40
3.3 Tahap-Tahap Penelitian ..............................................................
40
3.3.1 Tahap Persiapan .................................................................
40
3.3.2. Tahap Pengumpulan Data ..................................................
41
3.3.2.1 Analisis Data Core .......................................................
41
3.3.2.2 Interpretasi Log ............................................................
42
3.3.2.2.1 Analisis Kualitatif .................................................
42
3.3.2.2.1.1 Korelasi Stratigrafi ..........................................
43
3.3.2.2.2 Analisis Kuantitatif ...............................................
43
3.3.3 Tahap Pembahasan Dan Penyusunan Laporan .....................
44
BAB IV. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN..................................................
45
vii
4.1 Fasies dan Lingkungan Pengendapan ...........................................
47
4.1.1 Litofasies ............................................................................
48
4.1.2 Elektrofasies .......................................................................
51
4.2 Korelasi Antar Sumur ..................................................................
54
4.2.1 Penentuan Marker Stratigrafi ..............................................
54
4.2.2 Pembuatan Lintasan Korelasi ..............................................
55
4.2.3 Peta Depth Structure ...........................................................
58
4.2.4 Peta Isochore ......................................................................
62
4.3 Model Fasies Dari Reservoir .......................................................
65
4.4 Kualitas Reservoir .......................................................................
68
4.4.1 Pemetaan Volume of Shale ..................................................
68
4.4.2 Pemetaan Porositas Efektif .................................................
73
4.4.3 Pemetaan Net Effective Sand ...............................................
80
4.4.4 Pemetaan Saturasi Air .........................................................
85
BAB V. KESIMPULAN ...........................................................................
91
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ...............................................................................
92
LAMPIRAN .............................................................................................
94
viii
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 1.1 Lokasi penelitian Lapangan M di Kalimantan Selatan ( PT.
Pertamina Persero) .....................................................................................
4
Gambar 2.1 Penampang skematik bagian utara dari Cekungan Barito
Tersier (Satyana dan Silitonga, 1994).........................................................
7
Gambar 2.2 Kolom Stratigrafi Cekungan Barito (Kusuma dan Darin,
1986) .........................................................................................................
13
Gambar 2.3 Tektonik dan elemen struktur Cekungan Barito.......................
14
Gambar 2.4 Skema hubungan fasies dan lingkungan pengendapan (Selley,
1985) .........................................................................................................
18
Gambar 2.5 Klasifikasi channel berdasarkan pada bentuk dan tipe sedimen
pengisi yang berasosiasi dengan variabel kestabilan relatif (Schumm,1977)
19
Gambar 2.6 Perubahan tipe channel dari daerah distal ke arah proximal
(Allen G.P, 1985) .......................................................................................
19
Gambar 2.7 Sub-Lingkungan pengendapan dan sikuen sedimentasi pada
braided channel (Selley, 1982) ..................................................................
20
Gambar 2.8 Elektrofasies berdasarkan respon log GR (Kendall, 2003) .......
30
Gambar 2.9 Bentuk funnel GR (Gambar kiri). Memperlihatkan coarsening
upward sebagai refleksi sekuen yang diendapkan di lingkungan estuarine
shoreline dan progradasi. Hubungan antara besar-butir dengan karakter
ix
kurva log GR (Gambar kanan) yang menunjukkan fasies pengendapannya
(Rider, 1996)..............................................................................................
31
Gambar 3.1 Diagram Alir Penelitian ..........................................................
44
Gambar 4.1 Deskripsi batuan inti Zona C ...................................................
49
Gambar 4.2 Deskripsi batuan inti Zona D ..................................................
50
Gambar 4.3 Analisis cut off dan zona reservoir Zona C dan Zona D pada
sumur M-20 ..............................................................................................
53
Gambar 4.4 Analisis marker stratigrafi dan zona reservoir sumur M-20.....
55
Gambar 4.5 Peta lintasan korelasi ..............................................................
57
Gambar 4.6 Penampang korelasi sumur serta basemap penampang D-G
berarah Barat-Timur...................................................................................
58
Gambar 4.8 Peta top struktur Zona C .........................................................
60
Gambar 4.9 Kenampakan 3D Peta Depth Structure Zona C........................
60
Gambar 4.10 Peta top struktur Zona D .......................................................
61
Gambar 4.11 Kenampakan 3D Peta Depth Structure Zona D .....................
61
Gambar 4.12 Peta isochore Zona C ............................................................
63
Gambar 4.13 Peta isochore Zona D ............................................................
64
Gambar 4.14 Analisis Fasies Zona C dan Zona D.......................................
65
Gambar 4.15 Model Fasies pada Zona C ....................................................
66
Gambar 4.16 Model Fasies pada Zona D ....................................................
67
Gambar 4.17 Ilustrasi hubungan linier metode Vshale Larionov dan
Clavier .....................................................................................................
69
Gambar 4.18 Peta volume of shale rata-rata Zona C ...................................
70
x
Gambar 4.19 Peta volume of shale rata-rata Zona D ...................................
71
Gambar 4.20 Peta porositas efektif rata-rata Zona C...................................
76
Gambar 4.21 Crossplot nilai porositas efektif dan volume of shale Zona C.
76
Gambar 4.22 Peta porositas efektif rata-rata Zona D ..................................
78
Gambar 4.23 Crossplot nilai porositas efektif dan volume of shale Zona D
78
Gambar 4.24 Peta net effective sand Zona C ..............................................
83
Gambar 4.25 Peta net effective sand Zona D .............................................
84
Gambar 4.26 Peta saturasi air pada Zona C ...............................................
88
Gambar 4.26 Peta saturasi air pada Zona D ...............................................
89
xi
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 2.1 Klasifikasi channel alluvial (Schumm, 1972)....................................... 22
Tabel 2.2 Distribusi normal waktu transit yang terjadi pada beberapa macam
batuan (Log Analysis Short Course, 2002) ......................................................... 36
Tabel 4.1 Keterdapatan data well logs yang terdapat pada setiap sumur pada
daerah penelitian ................................................................................................ 46
Tabel 4.2 Nilai porositas serta klasifikasinya ..................................................... 80
xii
Halaman
ABSTRAK ................................................................................................
i
ABSTRACT .............................................................................................
ii
KATA PENGANTAR ..............................................................................
iii
DAFTAR ISI ............................................................................................
vi
DAFTAR GAMBAR ................................................................................
ix
DAFTAR TABEL ....................................................................................
xii
BAB I. PENDAHULUAN ........................................................................
1
1.1 Latar Belakang ...........................................................................
1
1.2 Ruang Lingkup dan Pembatasan Masalah ...................................
2
1.3 Maksud dan Tujuan Penelitian ....................................................
2
1.4 Lokasi dan Waktu Pelaksanaan Penelitian ..................................
3
1.5 Manfaat Penelitian ......................................................................
3
BAB II. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA .............................................................
5
2.1 Geologi Regional.........................................................................
5
2.1.1 Cekungan Barito .................................................................
6
2.1.2 Stratigrafi Cekungan Barito ................................................
7
2.1.3 Tektonik Dan Struktur Geologi Cekungan Barito ................
13
2.2 Landasan Teori ...........................................................................
15
2.2.1 Fasies..................................................................................
15
2.2.2 Model Fasies.......................................................................
16
vi
2.2.3 Hubungan Fasies Dan Lingkungan Pengendapan ................
17
2.2.4 Konsep Elektrofasies ..........................................................
27
2.2.5 Jenis-Jenis Log Sumur ........................................................
31
2.2.5.1 Log Gamma Ray (GR) .................................................
31
2.2.5.2 Log Spontaneous Potensial (SP) ..................................
33
2.2.5.3 Log Resistivity..............................................................
34
2.2.5.4 Log Porosity ................................................................
35
2.2.5.4.1 Log Sonic .............................................................
35
2.2.5.4.2 Log Neutron .........................................................
37
2.2.5.4.3 Log Densitas .........................................................
38
BAB III. METODE PENELITIAN .........................................................
40
3.1 Objek Penelitian ..........................................................................
40
3.2 Alat-alat Penelitian ......................................................................
40
3.3 Tahap-Tahap Penelitian ..............................................................
40
3.3.1 Tahap Persiapan .................................................................
40
3.3.2. Tahap Pengumpulan Data ..................................................
41
3.3.2.1 Analisis Data Core .......................................................
41
3.3.2.2 Interpretasi Log ............................................................
42
3.3.2.2.1 Analisis Kualitatif .................................................
42
3.3.2.2.1.1 Korelasi Stratigrafi ..........................................
43
3.3.2.2.2 Analisis Kuantitatif ...............................................
43
3.3.3 Tahap Pembahasan Dan Penyusunan Laporan .....................
44
BAB IV. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN..................................................
45
vii
4.1 Fasies dan Lingkungan Pengendapan ...........................................
47
4.1.1 Litofasies ............................................................................
48
4.1.2 Elektrofasies .......................................................................
51
4.2 Korelasi Antar Sumur ..................................................................
54
4.2.1 Penentuan Marker Stratigrafi ..............................................
54
4.2.2 Pembuatan Lintasan Korelasi ..............................................
55
4.2.3 Peta Depth Structure ...........................................................
58
4.2.4 Peta Isochore ......................................................................
62
4.3 Model Fasies Dari Reservoir .......................................................
65
4.4 Kualitas Reservoir .......................................................................
68
4.4.1 Pemetaan Volume of Shale ..................................................
68
4.4.2 Pemetaan Porositas Efektif .................................................
73
4.4.3 Pemetaan Net Effective Sand ...............................................
80
4.4.4 Pemetaan Saturasi Air .........................................................
85
BAB V. KESIMPULAN ...........................................................................
91
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ...............................................................................
92
LAMPIRAN .............................................................................................
94
viii
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 1.1 Lokasi penelitian Lapangan M di Kalimantan Selatan ( PT.
Pertamina Persero) .....................................................................................
4
Gambar 2.1 Penampang skematik bagian utara dari Cekungan Barito
Tersier (Satyana dan Silitonga, 1994).........................................................
7
Gambar 2.2 Kolom Stratigrafi Cekungan Barito (Kusuma dan Darin,
1986) .........................................................................................................
13
Gambar 2.3 Tektonik dan elemen struktur Cekungan Barito.......................
14
Gambar 2.4 Skema hubungan fasies dan lingkungan pengendapan (Selley,
1985) .........................................................................................................
18
Gambar 2.5 Klasifikasi channel berdasarkan pada bentuk dan tipe sedimen
pengisi yang berasosiasi dengan variabel kestabilan relatif (Schumm,1977)
19
Gambar 2.6 Perubahan tipe channel dari daerah distal ke arah proximal
(Allen G.P, 1985) .......................................................................................
19
Gambar 2.7 Sub-Lingkungan pengendapan dan sikuen sedimentasi pada
braided channel (Selley, 1982) ..................................................................
20
Gambar 2.8 Elektrofasies berdasarkan respon log GR (Kendall, 2003) .......
30
Gambar 2.9 Bentuk funnel GR (Gambar kiri). Memperlihatkan coarsening
upward sebagai refleksi sekuen yang diendapkan di lingkungan estuarine
shoreline dan progradasi. Hubungan antara besar-butir dengan karakter
ix
kurva log GR (Gambar kanan) yang menunjukkan fasies pengendapannya
(Rider, 1996)..............................................................................................
31
Gambar 3.1 Diagram Alir Penelitian ..........................................................
44
Gambar 4.1 Deskripsi batuan inti Zona C ...................................................
49
Gambar 4.2 Deskripsi batuan inti Zona D ..................................................
50
Gambar 4.3 Analisis cut off dan zona reservoir Zona C dan Zona D pada
sumur M-20 ..............................................................................................
53
Gambar 4.4 Analisis marker stratigrafi dan zona reservoir sumur M-20.....
55
Gambar 4.5 Peta lintasan korelasi ..............................................................
57
Gambar 4.6 Penampang korelasi sumur serta basemap penampang D-G
berarah Barat-Timur...................................................................................
58
Gambar 4.8 Peta top struktur Zona C .........................................................
60
Gambar 4.9 Kenampakan 3D Peta Depth Structure Zona C........................
60
Gambar 4.10 Peta top struktur Zona D .......................................................
61
Gambar 4.11 Kenampakan 3D Peta Depth Structure Zona D .....................
61
Gambar 4.12 Peta isochore Zona C ............................................................
63
Gambar 4.13 Peta isochore Zona D ............................................................
64
Gambar 4.14 Analisis Fasies Zona C dan Zona D.......................................
65
Gambar 4.15 Model Fasies pada Zona C ....................................................
66
Gambar 4.16 Model Fasies pada Zona D ....................................................
67
Gambar 4.17 Ilustrasi hubungan linier metode Vshale Larionov dan
Clavier .....................................................................................................
69
Gambar 4.18 Peta volume of shale rata-rata Zona C ...................................
70
x
Gambar 4.19 Peta volume of shale rata-rata Zona D ...................................
71
Gambar 4.20 Peta porositas efektif rata-rata Zona C...................................
76
Gambar 4.21 Crossplot nilai porositas efektif dan volume of shale Zona C.
76
Gambar 4.22 Peta porositas efektif rata-rata Zona D ..................................
78
Gambar 4.23 Crossplot nilai porositas efektif dan volume of shale Zona D
78
Gambar 4.24 Peta net effective sand Zona C ..............................................
83
Gambar 4.25 Peta net effective sand Zona D .............................................
84
Gambar 4.26 Peta saturasi air pada Zona C ...............................................
88
Gambar 4.26 Peta saturasi air pada Zona D ...............................................
89
xi
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 2.1 Klasifikasi channel alluvial (Schumm, 1972)....................................... 22
Tabel 2.2 Distribusi normal waktu transit yang terjadi pada beberapa macam
batuan (Log Analysis Short Course, 2002) ......................................................... 36
Tabel 4.1 Keterdapatan data well logs yang terdapat pada setiap sumur pada
daerah penelitian ................................................................................................ 46
Tabel 4.2 Nilai porositas serta klasifikasinya ..................................................... 80
xii