NON-OBSERVANCE OF GRICE’S MAXIMS FOUND IN THE DEATH OF A Non-Observance Of Grice’s Maxims Found In The Death Of A Salesman Drama Script By Arthur Miller: A Pragmatic Study.
NON-OBSERVANCE OF GRICE’S MAXIMS FOUND IN THE DEATH OF A
SALESMAN DRAMA SCRIPT BY ARTHUR MILLER:
A PRAGMATIC STUDY
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
In English Department
By:
TRIYATUN
A320090007
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2013
APPROVAL
NON-OBSERVANCE OF GRICE'S MAXIMS FOUND IN THE DEATH OF A
SALESMAN DRAMA SCRIPT BY ARTHUR MILLER:
A PRAGMATIC STUDY
R.ESEARCH PAPER
by:
TRIYATUN
A320090007
Approved to be Examined by:
First Consultant
gus Wijayanto,
Second Consultant
MA.
NIK:978
NIK:225
ACCEPTANCE
NON-OBSERYANCE OF GRICE'S MAXIMS FOT]ND IN THE DEATH OF A
SALESMAN DRAMA SCRIPT BY ARTHUR MILLER:
A PRAGMATIC STUDY
By
TRIYATUN
A320 090 007
Accepted and Approved by the Board of Examiners
Schools of Teacher Training and Education
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
On June, 2013
M. Hum
lll
TESTIMONY
I
testify that this research paper, there is no plagiarism of the
previous study which has been raised
to obtain bachelor degree of
a
university. There is no other same work that has been written or published
before, because this is the frrst research
in this university,
except the
written references which referred in this paper and mentioned in the
bibliography.
If there is something wrong in the future which it is proven
incorrect with her statement above, she will be fully responsible.
Surakarta, May 2013
The Writer
TRIYATUN
A320090007
IV
MOTTO
“A true friend is one who grabbed your hand and touches your heart”
(Mahatma Gandhi)
“All people do not have to be embarrassed because he had made
a mistake, for he was wiser than before.”
( Kahlil Gibran)
“Positive thinking and do the best is the way to be success.”
(The writer)
v
DEDICATION
From my deep heart and great love, this research paper is dedicated to:
My beloved mother and father,
My brothers and sisters,
All my family,
My sweetie boy,
All my best friends,
The reader,
Researcher’s consultants, and
All off lecturer in DEE
Surakarta, June 2013
The Writer
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Bismillahirrohmanirrohim
Assalamu’alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh,
The researcher would like to express his deep gratitude to Allah SWT, the
Most Kind who has given guidance, healthy and ability, so that the researcher
could accomplish this research paper on time
However, this success would not be achieved either without help of many
individuals and institutions. Thus, her special thanks and gratefulness are
contributed to:
1. Dra.N. Setyaningsih, M.Si, as the Dean of Faculty of School of
Teacher Training and Education of Muhammadiyah University of
Surakarta.
2. Titis Setyabudi, S.S, as the Chief of English Department for permitting
to conduct this research paper.
3. Siti Fatimah, S. Pd, M. Hum, as the academic consultant of class A
period 2009 who gives her help, suggestion, and motivation.
4. Agus Wijayanto, MA. P.hD, as the first consultant who gives his help,
guidance, advices, support, and corrections of finishing this research
paper patiently.
5. Dra. Siti Zuhriah Ariatmi, M.Hum, as the second consultant who gives
her guidance, information, and corrections of finishing this research
paper.
6. All of lecturer in English Department thanks for their knowledge,
information, and support.
7. Her beloved mother and father for their great and pray persistently, so
that she can be easy in going through everything.
8. Her beloved sisters and brothers “Mbak.Ati, Mbak.Ami, Mas.Min, and
Mas.Nono” for their pray, love, care, and support.
vii
9. Her beloved nephews “Kevin, Rohman, and Rohim” for their love,
joke, and inspiration.
10. Her beloved friends “Gadhiest Mandja “Dream, Cinunt, Tyutz, Ndah
ndul, Encuz, and Nheea for their love, motivation, help, jokes, and
togetherness.
11. Her beloved boy friend “j.e.l.e.k” thanks for his pray, love, inspiration
and support.
12. Her amazing friends in “ Bu Ruwi ”boarding house especially, Titik,
Mb.Tri, Mb.Tya, Mb,ira, Mb.Ana, Risna, Sari, Mulya, Fatimah, and
Vivi for their support, love, joke, help, suggestion and togetherness.
13. Her “Aguster” friends, Devi, Puji, Twin, Sari thanks for their support,
help, and togetherness.
14. Her DEE friends especially in class A 2009 Anisa, Heni, Desi, Vista,
Ika, Jannah, and others that cannot mentioned one by one. Thank for
all kindest and togetherness.
The writer expresses her gratitude to the readers who want to give
their criticism and contribution in order to make this research paper
better. The writer deeply expects that this research will be helpful in
giving positive contribution for academic studies.
Wabillahittaufiq wal hidayah
Wassalamu’alaikum warahmatullahi wabarokatuh.
Surakarta, June 2013
The writer
viii
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE ........................................................................................................ i
APPROVAL.............................................................................................. ii
ACCEPTANCE ........................................................................................ iii
TESTIMONY ............................................................................................ iv
MOTTO .................................................................................................... v
DEDICATION .......................................................................................... vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ........................................................................ vii
TABLE OF CONTENT ........................................................................... ix
LIST OF ABREVIATION ........................................................................ xii
ABSTRACT .............................................................................................. xiii
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study ............................................ 1
B. The Previous Study..................................................... 3
C. Problem Statement ...................................................... 3
D. Scope of the Study ...................................................... 4
E. Objective if the Study ................................................. 4
F. The Significant of the Study ....................................... 4
CHAPTER II: UNDERLYING THEORY
A. Pragmatics ................................................................. 6
1. The Notion of Pragmatics ...................................... 6
ix
2. Context in Pragmatic ............................................. 7
B. Speech Act Theory ..................................................... 8
1. A Locutionarry Act ................................................ 8
2. An Illocutionarry Act ............................................. 9
3. A Perlocutionary Act ............................................. 9
C. Cooperative Principle ................................................. 9
1. The Maxim of Quantity ........................................ 10
2. The Maxim of Quality ........................................... 11
3. The Maxim of Relevance ....................................... 12
4. The Maxim of Manner ........................................... 13
D. Non-observance Maxim ............................................. 14
1. Flouting a Maxim................................................... 14
2. Violating a Maxim ................................................. 15
3. Infringing a Maxim ................................................ 16
4. Opting Out a Maxim .............................................. 17
5. Suspending a Maxim ............................................. 18
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD
A. Types of Research ...................................................... 20
B. Object of Research0.................................................... 20
C. Data and Data Sources ................................................ 20
D. Method of Collecting Data ......................................... 21
E. Data Coding ................................................................ 21
F. Method of Analyzing Data ........................................ 21
G. Research Paper Organization...................................... 22
x
CHAPTER IV: RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION
A. Analysis Data .............................................................. 23
B. The Findings ............................................................... 52
C. Discussion ................................................................... 54
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion .................................................................. 59
B. Suggestion ................................................................. 60
BIBLIOGRAPHY ..................................................................................... 61
VIRTUAL REFERENCES ....................................................................... 62
APPENDIX .............................................................................................. 63
xi
LIST OF ABREVIATION
TDoS
: The Death of a Salesman
CP
: Cooperative Principles
QN
: Maxim of Quantity
QL
: Maxim of Quality
R
: Maxim of Relevance
M
: Maxim of Manner
Flout
: Flouting
Vio
: Violation
Sus
: Suspending
xii
xiii
ABSTRACT
Triyatun, A 320 090 007. NON-OBSERVANCE OF GRICE’S MAXIMS
FOUND IN THE DEATH OF A SALESMAN DRAMA SCRIPT BY ARTHUR
MILLER: A PRAGMATIC STUDY. Research Paper. Muhammadiyah
University of Surakarta, 2013.
This research is aimed at describing the types of non-observance maxims, and the
intentions of non-observance maxims.
The type of this research was descriptive qualitative research which the
researcher used documentation method as the method of collecting data. The data of this
research were dialogues which contain non-observance maxims that were found in The
Death of Salesman drama script.
The result of this research showed that firstly, the types of non-observance in The
Death of a Salesman drama script used by the characters were flouting of maxims,
violating of maxims and suspending of maxims. Secondly, the speaker’s intentions of n onobservance maxims were requesting, suggesting, alerting, warning, refusing, and
disagreement utterance.
Key words: non-observance maxims, Gricean’s maxims, speaker’s intentions.
Approved to be examined by:
First Consultant
Second Consultant
Agus Wijayanto, MA. P.hD
Drs. Siti Zuhriyah A, M.Hum
Dean,
Dra. Nining Setyaningsih, M.Si
NIK. 403
xiv
xv
SALESMAN DRAMA SCRIPT BY ARTHUR MILLER:
A PRAGMATIC STUDY
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
In English Department
By:
TRIYATUN
A320090007
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2013
APPROVAL
NON-OBSERVANCE OF GRICE'S MAXIMS FOUND IN THE DEATH OF A
SALESMAN DRAMA SCRIPT BY ARTHUR MILLER:
A PRAGMATIC STUDY
R.ESEARCH PAPER
by:
TRIYATUN
A320090007
Approved to be Examined by:
First Consultant
gus Wijayanto,
Second Consultant
MA.
NIK:978
NIK:225
ACCEPTANCE
NON-OBSERYANCE OF GRICE'S MAXIMS FOT]ND IN THE DEATH OF A
SALESMAN DRAMA SCRIPT BY ARTHUR MILLER:
A PRAGMATIC STUDY
By
TRIYATUN
A320 090 007
Accepted and Approved by the Board of Examiners
Schools of Teacher Training and Education
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
On June, 2013
M. Hum
lll
TESTIMONY
I
testify that this research paper, there is no plagiarism of the
previous study which has been raised
to obtain bachelor degree of
a
university. There is no other same work that has been written or published
before, because this is the frrst research
in this university,
except the
written references which referred in this paper and mentioned in the
bibliography.
If there is something wrong in the future which it is proven
incorrect with her statement above, she will be fully responsible.
Surakarta, May 2013
The Writer
TRIYATUN
A320090007
IV
MOTTO
“A true friend is one who grabbed your hand and touches your heart”
(Mahatma Gandhi)
“All people do not have to be embarrassed because he had made
a mistake, for he was wiser than before.”
( Kahlil Gibran)
“Positive thinking and do the best is the way to be success.”
(The writer)
v
DEDICATION
From my deep heart and great love, this research paper is dedicated to:
My beloved mother and father,
My brothers and sisters,
All my family,
My sweetie boy,
All my best friends,
The reader,
Researcher’s consultants, and
All off lecturer in DEE
Surakarta, June 2013
The Writer
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Bismillahirrohmanirrohim
Assalamu’alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh,
The researcher would like to express his deep gratitude to Allah SWT, the
Most Kind who has given guidance, healthy and ability, so that the researcher
could accomplish this research paper on time
However, this success would not be achieved either without help of many
individuals and institutions. Thus, her special thanks and gratefulness are
contributed to:
1. Dra.N. Setyaningsih, M.Si, as the Dean of Faculty of School of
Teacher Training and Education of Muhammadiyah University of
Surakarta.
2. Titis Setyabudi, S.S, as the Chief of English Department for permitting
to conduct this research paper.
3. Siti Fatimah, S. Pd, M. Hum, as the academic consultant of class A
period 2009 who gives her help, suggestion, and motivation.
4. Agus Wijayanto, MA. P.hD, as the first consultant who gives his help,
guidance, advices, support, and corrections of finishing this research
paper patiently.
5. Dra. Siti Zuhriah Ariatmi, M.Hum, as the second consultant who gives
her guidance, information, and corrections of finishing this research
paper.
6. All of lecturer in English Department thanks for their knowledge,
information, and support.
7. Her beloved mother and father for their great and pray persistently, so
that she can be easy in going through everything.
8. Her beloved sisters and brothers “Mbak.Ati, Mbak.Ami, Mas.Min, and
Mas.Nono” for their pray, love, care, and support.
vii
9. Her beloved nephews “Kevin, Rohman, and Rohim” for their love,
joke, and inspiration.
10. Her beloved friends “Gadhiest Mandja “Dream, Cinunt, Tyutz, Ndah
ndul, Encuz, and Nheea for their love, motivation, help, jokes, and
togetherness.
11. Her beloved boy friend “j.e.l.e.k” thanks for his pray, love, inspiration
and support.
12. Her amazing friends in “ Bu Ruwi ”boarding house especially, Titik,
Mb.Tri, Mb.Tya, Mb,ira, Mb.Ana, Risna, Sari, Mulya, Fatimah, and
Vivi for their support, love, joke, help, suggestion and togetherness.
13. Her “Aguster” friends, Devi, Puji, Twin, Sari thanks for their support,
help, and togetherness.
14. Her DEE friends especially in class A 2009 Anisa, Heni, Desi, Vista,
Ika, Jannah, and others that cannot mentioned one by one. Thank for
all kindest and togetherness.
The writer expresses her gratitude to the readers who want to give
their criticism and contribution in order to make this research paper
better. The writer deeply expects that this research will be helpful in
giving positive contribution for academic studies.
Wabillahittaufiq wal hidayah
Wassalamu’alaikum warahmatullahi wabarokatuh.
Surakarta, June 2013
The writer
viii
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE ........................................................................................................ i
APPROVAL.............................................................................................. ii
ACCEPTANCE ........................................................................................ iii
TESTIMONY ............................................................................................ iv
MOTTO .................................................................................................... v
DEDICATION .......................................................................................... vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ........................................................................ vii
TABLE OF CONTENT ........................................................................... ix
LIST OF ABREVIATION ........................................................................ xii
ABSTRACT .............................................................................................. xiii
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study ............................................ 1
B. The Previous Study..................................................... 3
C. Problem Statement ...................................................... 3
D. Scope of the Study ...................................................... 4
E. Objective if the Study ................................................. 4
F. The Significant of the Study ....................................... 4
CHAPTER II: UNDERLYING THEORY
A. Pragmatics ................................................................. 6
1. The Notion of Pragmatics ...................................... 6
ix
2. Context in Pragmatic ............................................. 7
B. Speech Act Theory ..................................................... 8
1. A Locutionarry Act ................................................ 8
2. An Illocutionarry Act ............................................. 9
3. A Perlocutionary Act ............................................. 9
C. Cooperative Principle ................................................. 9
1. The Maxim of Quantity ........................................ 10
2. The Maxim of Quality ........................................... 11
3. The Maxim of Relevance ....................................... 12
4. The Maxim of Manner ........................................... 13
D. Non-observance Maxim ............................................. 14
1. Flouting a Maxim................................................... 14
2. Violating a Maxim ................................................. 15
3. Infringing a Maxim ................................................ 16
4. Opting Out a Maxim .............................................. 17
5. Suspending a Maxim ............................................. 18
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD
A. Types of Research ...................................................... 20
B. Object of Research0.................................................... 20
C. Data and Data Sources ................................................ 20
D. Method of Collecting Data ......................................... 21
E. Data Coding ................................................................ 21
F. Method of Analyzing Data ........................................ 21
G. Research Paper Organization...................................... 22
x
CHAPTER IV: RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION
A. Analysis Data .............................................................. 23
B. The Findings ............................................................... 52
C. Discussion ................................................................... 54
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion .................................................................. 59
B. Suggestion ................................................................. 60
BIBLIOGRAPHY ..................................................................................... 61
VIRTUAL REFERENCES ....................................................................... 62
APPENDIX .............................................................................................. 63
xi
LIST OF ABREVIATION
TDoS
: The Death of a Salesman
CP
: Cooperative Principles
QN
: Maxim of Quantity
QL
: Maxim of Quality
R
: Maxim of Relevance
M
: Maxim of Manner
Flout
: Flouting
Vio
: Violation
Sus
: Suspending
xii
xiii
ABSTRACT
Triyatun, A 320 090 007. NON-OBSERVANCE OF GRICE’S MAXIMS
FOUND IN THE DEATH OF A SALESMAN DRAMA SCRIPT BY ARTHUR
MILLER: A PRAGMATIC STUDY. Research Paper. Muhammadiyah
University of Surakarta, 2013.
This research is aimed at describing the types of non-observance maxims, and the
intentions of non-observance maxims.
The type of this research was descriptive qualitative research which the
researcher used documentation method as the method of collecting data. The data of this
research were dialogues which contain non-observance maxims that were found in The
Death of Salesman drama script.
The result of this research showed that firstly, the types of non-observance in The
Death of a Salesman drama script used by the characters were flouting of maxims,
violating of maxims and suspending of maxims. Secondly, the speaker’s intentions of n onobservance maxims were requesting, suggesting, alerting, warning, refusing, and
disagreement utterance.
Key words: non-observance maxims, Gricean’s maxims, speaker’s intentions.
Approved to be examined by:
First Consultant
Second Consultant
Agus Wijayanto, MA. P.hD
Drs. Siti Zuhriyah A, M.Hum
Dean,
Dra. Nining Setyaningsih, M.Si
NIK. 403
xiv
xv