Numerical Approach To Wood Pyrolysis In Consideration Heat And Mass Transfer And Chemical Reaction
BIBLIOGRAPHY
[1] L. Lenny Bernstein and et al, "An Assessment of the Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change," IPCC Plenary XXVII, Valencia, Spain, NOVEMBER 2007.
[2] J. Li, M.-H. Wang and Y.-S. Ho, "Trends in research on global climate change:
A Science Citation Index Expanded-based analysis," Global and Planetary
Change, vol. 77, pp. 13-20, 2011.
[3] Prisma, "Perubahan iklim dan Tantangan Peradaban," Prisma, Jakarta, 2010.
[4] Nation , united;, "World Population Prospects," United Nation, New York, 2011.
[5] Administration, U.S. Energy Information, "International Energy Outlook 2011,"
U.S. Energy Information Administration, Washington, DC 20585, 2011.
[6] BPPT, "Indonesia Energy Outlook 2012," BPPT Press, Jakarta, 2012.
[7] U. D. o. C. I. T. Administration, "Renewable Energy Market Assessment Report:
Indonesia," Washington, DC 20230, 2010.
[8] Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce International Trade, "Renewable
Energy Market Assessment Report Indonesia," U.S. Department of Commerce
International Trade Administration, Washington, DC 20230, 2010.
[9] P. Basu, Biomass Gasification and Pyrolysis Practical Design and Theory, vol.
24, United State: Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved, 2010, p. 471–482.
[10] K. Vipul, Pyrolysis and Gasification of Lignin and Effect of Akali Addition,
Georgia: Vipul Kumar, 2009.
[11] K. Jacobson, K. C.Maheria and A. K. Dala, "Bio-oil valorization:Areview,"
RenewableandSustainableEnergyReviews, vol. 23, p. 91–106, 2013.
[12] X. Li and R. Gunawan , "Upgrading of bio-oil into advanced biofuels and
chemicals. Part III. Changes in aromatic structure and coke forming propensity
during the catalytic hydrotreatment of a fast pyrolysis bio-oil with Pd/C
catalyst," Fuel, vol. 116, p. 642–649, 2014.
[13] W. P. Johannes de, BIOMASS PYROLYSIS FOR CHEMICALS, Senter Novem
/Netherland: Netherlands Ministry of Economic Affairs and the Netherlands
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Ministry of Education, Culture and Science, 2011.
[14] S. Sinha, A. Jhalani, . M. R. Ravi and A. Ray, "Modelling of Pyrolysis in Wood:
A Review".
[15] K. Prakash and et al, "Kinetic Modeling in Biomass Pyrolysis – A Review,"
Journal of Applied Sciences Research, vol. 4 (12), pp. 1627-1636, 2008.
[16] C. D. Blasi , "Heat, Momentum And Mass Transport Through A Shrinking
Biomass Particle Expose To Thermal Radiation," Chemical Engineering Science
of Elsevier, Vols. 51, 7, pp. pp. 1121-I 132, 1996.
[17] L. Ka Leung, O. A. Olajire and Wai, "Experimental and Modelling Studies of
Biomass Pyrolysis," Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, vol. 20(3), p.
543—550, 2012.
[18] P. Baggio, . M. Baratieri, . L. Fiori and . M. Grigiante, D, "Experimental and
modeling analysis of a batch gasification/pyrolysis reactor," Energy Conversion
and Management, vol. 50, p. 1426–1435, 2009.
[19] K. Papadikis, S. Gub, A. Bridgwater and H. Gerhauser, "Application of CFD to
model fast pyrolysis of biomass," Fuel Processing Technology, vol. 90, p. 504–
512, 2009.
[20] Y. Y. Wang and Lifeng , "CFD Studies on Biomass Thermochemical
Conversion," International Journal of Molecular Sciences ISSN 1422-0067, vol.
9, pp. 1108-1130, 2008.
[21] ANSYS, Inc, Ansys Fluent Theory Guide, Canonsburg: ANSYS, Inc, 2011.
[22] Fédération, 9 rue de la, "World Energy Outlook 2011," www.iea.org, Paris,
2011.
[23] D. Elliott, "IEA Bioenergy," Aston University, 2014.
[24] Energy, U.S. Department of, "BIOMASS Multi-Year Program Plan," U.S.
Department of Energy, 2012.
[25] H. Homma, H. Homma, Yusrizal and M. Idris, "Wood Pyrolysis in Pre-Vacuum
Chamber," Journal of Sustainable Bioenergy Systems, vol. 3, pp. 243-249, 2013.
[26] G. M. Simmons and M. Gentry, "Particle size limita-tions due to heat transfer in
determining pyrolysis kinetics of biomass, Journal of Analytical and Ap-plied
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Pyrolysis," Journal of Analytical and Ap-plied Pyrolysis, Vols. 10, 2, pp. 117127, 1986.
[27] J. Saastamoinen, "Simplified model for calculation of devolatilization in
fluidized beds," Fuel, vol. 85, p. 2388–2395, 2006.
[28] W.-C. R. Chan, M. Kelbon and B. K. Barbara , "Modelling and Experimental
Eerification of Physical and Chemical Processes During Pyrolysis of a Large
Biomass Particle," 984), vol. 10, pp. 1-9, 1984.
[29] K. Papadikis, "Application of CFD to model fast pyrolysis of biomass," Fuel
Processing Technology , vol. 90 , p. 504–512, 2009.
[30] K. Papadikisa,, . S. Gub and A. Bridgwatera, "CFD modelling of the fast
pyrolysis of biomass influidised bed reactors. Part B Heat, momentum and mass
transport in bubbling fluidised beds," Chemical Engineering Science, vol. 64, pp.
1036-1045, 2009.
[31] K. Papadikis, S. Gub and . A. Bridgwater, "A CFD approach on the effect of
particle size on char entrainment in bubbling fluidised bed reactors," Biomass
and Bio Energy, vol. 34, p. 21 – 29, 2010.
[32] Y. Y. Wang and Lifeng, "CFD Studies on Biomass Thermochemical
Conversion," http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2658784/, vol. 9(6),
p. 1108–1130, 30-06-2014: 7:14.
[33] S. Sinha, A. Jhalani, M. R. Ravi and A. Ray, "Modelling of Pyrolysis in Wood:
A Review," Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of
Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, vol. 110016.
[34] . T. Karunanithi and N. Prakash, "Advances in Modelling and Simulation of
Biomass Pyrolysis," Aseian Journal of Science Research, Vols. 2-1, pp. 1-27,
2009.
[35] C. D. Blasi, "Modeling chemical and physical processes of wood and biomass
pyrolysis," Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, vol. 34, p. 47–90, 2008.
[36] E. Saliba, . N. Rodriguez, D. Piló-Veloso and S. Morais, "Chemical
characterization of the lignins of corn and soybean agricultural residues,"
Arquivo Brasileiro de Modicina Veterinaria e Zoo-tecnia, Vols. 54-1, pp. 42-51,
2002.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[37] A. M. Alhasan, D. Kuang, . A. Mohammad and R. S. Shivappa, "Combined
effect of nitric acid and sodium hydroxide pretreatment on enzy-matic
saccharification of rubber wood (Heavea brasiliensis)," International Journal of
Chemical Technology, Vols. 2-1, pp. 12-20, 2010.
[38] P. Engel, L. Hein and A. Spiess, "Derivatization free gel permeation
chromatography elucidates enzymatic hydrolysis, Biotechnology for Biofules,"
Biotechnology for Biofules, vol. 5, pp. 77.1-77.8, (2012).
[39] A. Guerra, A. Gaspar, S. Contreras, L. Lucia and C. Crestin, "On the propensity
of lignin to associate: a size exclusion chromatog-raphy study with lignin
derivatives isolated from different plant species," Phytochemistry, vol. 68, pp.
2570-2583, 2007.
[40] A. Guerra, I. Filpponen, L. A. Lucia and C. Saqu-ing, "Toward a better
understanding of the lignin isolation process from wood," Journal of Agriculture
and Food Chemistry, vol. 54, pp. 5939-5947, 2006.
[41] M. Hernelind and B. Gevert, "Hydrotreatment of tar formed in gasification of
biomass, American Chemical Society,," Fuel Chemistry Division Pre-prints,
Vols. 47-1, pp. 171-172, 2002.
[42] M. Hernelind and B. Gevert, "Hydrotreatment of tar formed in gasification of
biomass," Fuel Chemistry Division Preprints, vol. 47(1), p. 172, 2002.
[43] G.-j. Lv, S.-b. Wu and R. Lou, "Characteristics of Corn Stalk Hemicelluloses
Pyrolysis in a Tubular Teactor," Bioresourrces, Vols. 5-4, pp. 2051-2062, 2010.
[44] F. A. Lopez, O. Rodriguez, A. Urien, B. Lobato and T. Centeno, "Physicochemical characteristics of the products derived from the thermolysis of waste
Abies alba Mill wood," Journal of Environmental Protection, Vols. 4-1, pp. 2630, 2013.
[45] T. Milne, R. Evans and N. Abatzoglou, "Biomass Gasifier “Tars”: Their nature,
formation, and conversion," NREL/TP, Vols. 570-25357, p. 68, 1998.
[46] W. C. Park, A Study of Pyrolysis of Charring Materials and its Application to
Fire Safety and Biomass Utilization, The University of Michigan, 2008.
[47] F. Taukia, Dasar-Dasar CFD Menggunakan Fluent, Bandung : Informatika
Bandung , 2008.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[48] ANSYS. RELEASE 13.0, Fluent User Guide, Cononsburg: ANSYS. RELEASE
13.0, 2010.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[1] L. Lenny Bernstein and et al, "An Assessment of the Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change," IPCC Plenary XXVII, Valencia, Spain, NOVEMBER 2007.
[2] J. Li, M.-H. Wang and Y.-S. Ho, "Trends in research on global climate change:
A Science Citation Index Expanded-based analysis," Global and Planetary
Change, vol. 77, pp. 13-20, 2011.
[3] Prisma, "Perubahan iklim dan Tantangan Peradaban," Prisma, Jakarta, 2010.
[4] Nation , united;, "World Population Prospects," United Nation, New York, 2011.
[5] Administration, U.S. Energy Information, "International Energy Outlook 2011,"
U.S. Energy Information Administration, Washington, DC 20585, 2011.
[6] BPPT, "Indonesia Energy Outlook 2012," BPPT Press, Jakarta, 2012.
[7] U. D. o. C. I. T. Administration, "Renewable Energy Market Assessment Report:
Indonesia," Washington, DC 20230, 2010.
[8] Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce International Trade, "Renewable
Energy Market Assessment Report Indonesia," U.S. Department of Commerce
International Trade Administration, Washington, DC 20230, 2010.
[9] P. Basu, Biomass Gasification and Pyrolysis Practical Design and Theory, vol.
24, United State: Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved, 2010, p. 471–482.
[10] K. Vipul, Pyrolysis and Gasification of Lignin and Effect of Akali Addition,
Georgia: Vipul Kumar, 2009.
[11] K. Jacobson, K. C.Maheria and A. K. Dala, "Bio-oil valorization:Areview,"
RenewableandSustainableEnergyReviews, vol. 23, p. 91–106, 2013.
[12] X. Li and R. Gunawan , "Upgrading of bio-oil into advanced biofuels and
chemicals. Part III. Changes in aromatic structure and coke forming propensity
during the catalytic hydrotreatment of a fast pyrolysis bio-oil with Pd/C
catalyst," Fuel, vol. 116, p. 642–649, 2014.
[13] W. P. Johannes de, BIOMASS PYROLYSIS FOR CHEMICALS, Senter Novem
/Netherland: Netherlands Ministry of Economic Affairs and the Netherlands
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Ministry of Education, Culture and Science, 2011.
[14] S. Sinha, A. Jhalani, . M. R. Ravi and A. Ray, "Modelling of Pyrolysis in Wood:
A Review".
[15] K. Prakash and et al, "Kinetic Modeling in Biomass Pyrolysis – A Review,"
Journal of Applied Sciences Research, vol. 4 (12), pp. 1627-1636, 2008.
[16] C. D. Blasi , "Heat, Momentum And Mass Transport Through A Shrinking
Biomass Particle Expose To Thermal Radiation," Chemical Engineering Science
of Elsevier, Vols. 51, 7, pp. pp. 1121-I 132, 1996.
[17] L. Ka Leung, O. A. Olajire and Wai, "Experimental and Modelling Studies of
Biomass Pyrolysis," Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, vol. 20(3), p.
543—550, 2012.
[18] P. Baggio, . M. Baratieri, . L. Fiori and . M. Grigiante, D, "Experimental and
modeling analysis of a batch gasification/pyrolysis reactor," Energy Conversion
and Management, vol. 50, p. 1426–1435, 2009.
[19] K. Papadikis, S. Gub, A. Bridgwater and H. Gerhauser, "Application of CFD to
model fast pyrolysis of biomass," Fuel Processing Technology, vol. 90, p. 504–
512, 2009.
[20] Y. Y. Wang and Lifeng , "CFD Studies on Biomass Thermochemical
Conversion," International Journal of Molecular Sciences ISSN 1422-0067, vol.
9, pp. 1108-1130, 2008.
[21] ANSYS, Inc, Ansys Fluent Theory Guide, Canonsburg: ANSYS, Inc, 2011.
[22] Fédération, 9 rue de la, "World Energy Outlook 2011," www.iea.org, Paris,
2011.
[23] D. Elliott, "IEA Bioenergy," Aston University, 2014.
[24] Energy, U.S. Department of, "BIOMASS Multi-Year Program Plan," U.S.
Department of Energy, 2012.
[25] H. Homma, H. Homma, Yusrizal and M. Idris, "Wood Pyrolysis in Pre-Vacuum
Chamber," Journal of Sustainable Bioenergy Systems, vol. 3, pp. 243-249, 2013.
[26] G. M. Simmons and M. Gentry, "Particle size limita-tions due to heat transfer in
determining pyrolysis kinetics of biomass, Journal of Analytical and Ap-plied
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Pyrolysis," Journal of Analytical and Ap-plied Pyrolysis, Vols. 10, 2, pp. 117127, 1986.
[27] J. Saastamoinen, "Simplified model for calculation of devolatilization in
fluidized beds," Fuel, vol. 85, p. 2388–2395, 2006.
[28] W.-C. R. Chan, M. Kelbon and B. K. Barbara , "Modelling and Experimental
Eerification of Physical and Chemical Processes During Pyrolysis of a Large
Biomass Particle," 984), vol. 10, pp. 1-9, 1984.
[29] K. Papadikis, "Application of CFD to model fast pyrolysis of biomass," Fuel
Processing Technology , vol. 90 , p. 504–512, 2009.
[30] K. Papadikisa,, . S. Gub and A. Bridgwatera, "CFD modelling of the fast
pyrolysis of biomass influidised bed reactors. Part B Heat, momentum and mass
transport in bubbling fluidised beds," Chemical Engineering Science, vol. 64, pp.
1036-1045, 2009.
[31] K. Papadikis, S. Gub and . A. Bridgwater, "A CFD approach on the effect of
particle size on char entrainment in bubbling fluidised bed reactors," Biomass
and Bio Energy, vol. 34, p. 21 – 29, 2010.
[32] Y. Y. Wang and Lifeng, "CFD Studies on Biomass Thermochemical
Conversion," http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2658784/, vol. 9(6),
p. 1108–1130, 30-06-2014: 7:14.
[33] S. Sinha, A. Jhalani, M. R. Ravi and A. Ray, "Modelling of Pyrolysis in Wood:
A Review," Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of
Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, vol. 110016.
[34] . T. Karunanithi and N. Prakash, "Advances in Modelling and Simulation of
Biomass Pyrolysis," Aseian Journal of Science Research, Vols. 2-1, pp. 1-27,
2009.
[35] C. D. Blasi, "Modeling chemical and physical processes of wood and biomass
pyrolysis," Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, vol. 34, p. 47–90, 2008.
[36] E. Saliba, . N. Rodriguez, D. Piló-Veloso and S. Morais, "Chemical
characterization of the lignins of corn and soybean agricultural residues,"
Arquivo Brasileiro de Modicina Veterinaria e Zoo-tecnia, Vols. 54-1, pp. 42-51,
2002.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[37] A. M. Alhasan, D. Kuang, . A. Mohammad and R. S. Shivappa, "Combined
effect of nitric acid and sodium hydroxide pretreatment on enzy-matic
saccharification of rubber wood (Heavea brasiliensis)," International Journal of
Chemical Technology, Vols. 2-1, pp. 12-20, 2010.
[38] P. Engel, L. Hein and A. Spiess, "Derivatization free gel permeation
chromatography elucidates enzymatic hydrolysis, Biotechnology for Biofules,"
Biotechnology for Biofules, vol. 5, pp. 77.1-77.8, (2012).
[39] A. Guerra, A. Gaspar, S. Contreras, L. Lucia and C. Crestin, "On the propensity
of lignin to associate: a size exclusion chromatog-raphy study with lignin
derivatives isolated from different plant species," Phytochemistry, vol. 68, pp.
2570-2583, 2007.
[40] A. Guerra, I. Filpponen, L. A. Lucia and C. Saqu-ing, "Toward a better
understanding of the lignin isolation process from wood," Journal of Agriculture
and Food Chemistry, vol. 54, pp. 5939-5947, 2006.
[41] M. Hernelind and B. Gevert, "Hydrotreatment of tar formed in gasification of
biomass, American Chemical Society,," Fuel Chemistry Division Pre-prints,
Vols. 47-1, pp. 171-172, 2002.
[42] M. Hernelind and B. Gevert, "Hydrotreatment of tar formed in gasification of
biomass," Fuel Chemistry Division Preprints, vol. 47(1), p. 172, 2002.
[43] G.-j. Lv, S.-b. Wu and R. Lou, "Characteristics of Corn Stalk Hemicelluloses
Pyrolysis in a Tubular Teactor," Bioresourrces, Vols. 5-4, pp. 2051-2062, 2010.
[44] F. A. Lopez, O. Rodriguez, A. Urien, B. Lobato and T. Centeno, "Physicochemical characteristics of the products derived from the thermolysis of waste
Abies alba Mill wood," Journal of Environmental Protection, Vols. 4-1, pp. 2630, 2013.
[45] T. Milne, R. Evans and N. Abatzoglou, "Biomass Gasifier “Tars”: Their nature,
formation, and conversion," NREL/TP, Vols. 570-25357, p. 68, 1998.
[46] W. C. Park, A Study of Pyrolysis of Charring Materials and its Application to
Fire Safety and Biomass Utilization, The University of Michigan, 2008.
[47] F. Taukia, Dasar-Dasar CFD Menggunakan Fluent, Bandung : Informatika
Bandung , 2008.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[48] ANSYS. RELEASE 13.0, Fluent User Guide, Cononsburg: ANSYS. RELEASE
13.0, 2010.
Universitas Sumatera Utara