INTAN RIYANTY MAHARANI DAFTAR PUSTAKA

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

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Ansel, H. C. (2008). Pengantar Bentuk Sediaan Farmasi Edisi Keempat. Jakarta:

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Choiri, S. 2012. Optimasi Sediaan Tablet Lepas Lambat Teofilin Menggunakan

Bahan Matriks Montmorillonit dan HPMC dengan Simplex Lattice Design . Tugas Akhir. Surakarta: Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam. Universitas Sebelas Maret.

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Edyaningrum, A. 2013. Perbandingan Mutu Fisik dan Profil Disolusi Tablet

  Glibenklamida Merk Dagang dan Generik . Skripsi. Surakarta: Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta .

  

Fudholi, A. (2013). Disolusi dan Pelepasan Obat In Vitro. Yogyakarta: Pustaka

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II. Pennsylvania: Mack Publishing Company. 2000.

  

Haitami, L. M. 2010. Optimasi Tablet Sustained Release Teofilin Dengan

Kombinasi Matrik Etilselulosa 20 cP dan Metilselulosa. Skripsi.

  

Surakarta: Fakultas Farmasi. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.

Ichikawa M., Watanabe S., and Miyake Y., (1991). A New Multiple-unit Oral

  Floating dosage system, I : Preparation and in vitro evaluation of floating

and sustained release characteristics ., J Pharm Sci 1991;80;1062-6

  

Werdana, R. K. 2016. Formulasi Tablet Floating Metformin HCl dengan Eksipien

Methochel K4M CR (HPMC K4M CR) dan Natrium Bikarbonat (NaCHO

  3 ) Skripsi. Purwokerto: Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto.

  

Lachman, L., Lieberman, H.A., dan Kaning, J.L., (1994). Teori dan Praktek

Farmasi Industri II Edisi Ketiga. Jakarta: Universitas Indonesia Press.

Milani, Parvin Zakeri et al. (2012). In-vitro bioequivalence study of 8 brands of

metformin tablets in Iran market. Vol 02 (08): 194-197

  

Sari, D. P., Sulaiman. T. N. S., dan Mafruhah, O. R (2013). Uji Disolusi

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  9: 254-258

Shargel, L. Andrew, B.C.Yu. (1988). Biofarmasetika dan Farmakokinetika

Terapan. edisi 2. Surabaya: Airlangga University Press. .

  

Shargel, L., Wu-Pong, S. and Yu, B.C A. (2004). Biofarmasetika dan

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• – Dasar Praktis. Jakarta : EGC

  Siswanto, A. (2015). Formulasi dan Uji Bioavaibilitas Tablet Floating Aspirin

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disertasi. Yogyakarta: Fakultas Faramasi. Universitas Gajah Mada.

  

Stuart , A. V. (2015). Comparing the Dissolution Profiles of Seven Metformin

Formulations in Simulated Intestinal Fluid . 10.14227/DT220115P17.

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Peningkatan Laju Dlsolusl Andrografolida dengan Sistem Dispersi Solida .

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Syofyan. (2010). Perbandingan Mutu dan Harga Tablet Asam Mefenamat

Generik dengan Bermerek Dagang yang Beredar di Pasaran. Universitas Andalas.

  Qureshi, S. A. (2013). F2 - Similarity Factor (A Deficiency). www.drug- dissolution-testing.com

• – rata
• – rata
• – rata

  (5%) Kolom

  1034,2 982,80 931,40 5 889,4 846,34 801,63 1014,80 964,30 913,80 873,4

  960,60 909,20 4 863,3 820,24 775,53 1011,80 961,30 910,80 864,5 821,11 777,73

  816,91 773,53 1012,0

  1019,7 968,30 916,90 3 846,0 802,94 758,23 1002,10 951,60 901,10 860,3

  979,70 928,30 2 856,7 813,64 768,93 1004,60 954,10 903,60 882,1 838,71 795,33

  814,01 770,63 1031,1

  B (10%) 1 852,9 809,84 765,13 1007,70 957,20 906,70 857,4

  Kolom A

  966,70 915,30 6 865,6 822,54 777,83 1003,80 953,30 902,80 880,8 837,41 794,03

  Bobot tablet (mg)

  B (10%)

  (5%) Kolom

  Kolom A

  Bobot tablet (mg)

  B (10%)

  (5%) Kolom

  830,01 786,63 1018,1

  1038,8 987,40 936,00 7 846,0 802,94 758,23 1021,30 970,80 920,30 858,1

  Bobot tablet (mg)

  1040,5 989,10 937,70 15 848,5 805,44 760,73 1016,90 966,40 915,90 869,8

  761,73 1001,00 950,50 900,00 871,7 828,31 784,93 1025,7

  1042,0 990,60 939,20 19 849,5 806,44

  986,20 934,80 18 849,0 805,94 761,23 1013,20 962,70 912,20 875,7 832,31 788,93

  818,51 775,13 1037,6

  1039,9 988,50 937,10 17 874,5 831,44 786,73 1013,80 963,30 912,80 861,9

  989,40 938,00 16 855,2 812,14 767,43 1010,30 959,80 909,30 853,2 809,81 766,43

  826,41 783,03 1040,8

  984,40 933,00 14 883,0 839,94 795,23 1009,90 959,40 908,90 870,8 827,41 784,03

  814,71 771,33 1015,3

  817,21 773,83 1035,8

  1020,3 968,90 917,50 13 842,8 799,74 755,03 1009,20 958,70 908,20 860,6

  964,20 912,80 12 853,7 810,64 765,93 1010,90 960,40 909,90 865,7 822,31 778,93

  828,31 784,93 1015,6

  1038,0 986,60 935,20 11 867,3 824,24 779,53 1005,10 954,60 904,10 871,7

  975,90 924,50 10 876,1 833,04 788,33 1011,00 960,50 910,00 869,8 826,41 783,03

  820,51 777,13 1027,3

  963,90 912,50 8 860,8 817,74 773,03 1004,60 954,10 903,60 873,5 830,11 786,73 1016,9 965,50 914,10 9 863,7 820,64 775,93 1011,20 960,70 910,20 863,9

  Kolom A

  B (10%)

  Lampiran 1. Evaluasi Sifat Fisik Tablet

  3 0,411 0,411 0,411

  1

  Diameter (cm)

  0,411 0,69 0,634 0,75 SD

  Rata

  0,75 0,75 0,75

  0,634 0,634 0,634

  0,69 0,69 0,69

  2

  3 1,51 1,51 1,51

  1

  Ketebalan (cm)

  Tablet C dari pabrik Z

  X Tablet B dari pabrik Y

  Tablet A dari pabrik

  Replikasi Tablet floating metformin HCl 500 mg

  1. Keseragaman ukuran tablet

  2

  2,1 2,1 2,1

  (5%) Kolom

  Kaplet Kaplet Kaplet

  Kolom A

  Bobot tablet (mg)

  Tablet floating metformin HCl 500 mg Tablet A dari pabrik X Tablet B dari pabrik Y Tablet C dari pabrik Z

  Rep Bobot (mg)

  2. Keseragaman bobot tablet

  Tablet Kaplet Kaplet Kaplet

  Rata

  Kaplet Kaplet Kaplet

  1,82 1,82 1,82

  Kaplet Kaplet Kaplet

  3 Tablet Tablet Tablet

  2

  1

  Bentuk

  1,51 2,1 1,82 1,91 SD

  Rata

  1,91 1,91 1,91

  974,30 922,90

  20 877,7 834,64 789,93 1016,00 965,50 915,00 869,1 825,71 782,33 1008,8 957,40 906,00 Rata - rata 861,1 1009,6 867,7 1027,92

  SD 11,17 5,31 7,74 11,17

  CV (%) 1,09 0,53 0,89 1,087

  Lampiran 2. Penetapan Kadar Metformin HCl 500 mg.

a. Pembuatan kurva baku

  Konsentrasi (mg/ml) Absorbansi 0,01 0,02 0,03 0,04 0,05 0,06 0,07 0,08

  0,143 0,248 0,354 0,444 0,536 0,616 0,717 0,814

  b. Perhitungan LOD dan LOQ Persamaan kurva baku y = 9.216x+0.059 Penimbangan sebenarnya 102,3 mg

  x (mg/ml) Y y - y’ (y- y’)

  2

  0,0090 0,0204 0,0319 0,0416 0,0516 0,0603 0,0713 0,0818

  0,143 0,248 0,354 0,444 0,536 0,616 0,717 0,814

• 0,341
• 0,236
• 0,130
• 0,040

  0,052 0,132 0,233 0,330

  0,116 0,055 0,016 0,002 0,002 0,017 0,054 0,108 y’

  0,048 ∑

  0,373

  Sb = = = 0,249 LOD = = = 0,081 mg/ml LOQ = = = 0,271 mg/ml

• – Rata

  1a 0,409 0,95 473,71 94,61 1b 0,403 0,93 465,58 92,98

  SD 3,21

  Rata - rata 100,41

  870,4 3a 0,425 0,99 495,42 98,88 3b 0,435 1,02 508,98 101,59

  870,4 2b 0,453 1,07 533,39 106,46 2c 0,426 0,99 496,77 99,15

  1b 0,423 0,99 492,70 98,34 1c 0,422 0,98 491,35 98,07

  % kadar 869,5

  Replikasi Absorbansi Konsentrasi (mg/ml) Kadar (mg)

  Berat penimbangan (mg)

  iii) Tablet B dari pabrik Y

  CV (%) 0,68

  SD 0,64

  Rata - rata 93,93

  1010,2 3a 0,405 0,94 468,29 93,53 3b 0,406 0,94 469,65 93,80

  1011,9 2a 0,407 0,94 471,00 94,07 2b 0,409 0,95 473,71 94,61

  % kadar 1011,4

  c. Penetapan kadar metformin HCl dalam tablet i) Tablet floating metformin HCl 500 mg

  Replikasi Absorbansi Konsentrasi (mg/ml) Kadar (mg)

  Berat penimbangan (mg)

  ii) Tablet A dari pabrik X

  4,08

  3,79 CV (%)

  92,93 SD

  Rata

  859,2 3a 0,227 0,91 453,76 90,76 3b 0,226 0,90 451,05 90,22

  859,1 2a 0,239 0,97 486,32 97,27 2c 0,234 0,95 472,75 94,56

  859,4 1a 0,238 0,97 485,00 96,92 1c 0,222 0,88 440,20 88,05

  (mg) % kadar

  asi (μg/ml) Kadar

  Replikasi Absorbansi Konsentr

  Berat penimbangan (mg)

  CV 3,20 iv) Tablet C dari pabrik Z

  Berat Kadar penimbangan Replikasi Absorbansi Konsentrasi (mg/ml) % kadar (mg)

  (mg) 1a 0,418 0,97 485,92 97,18

  1028 1b 0,405 0,94 468,29 93,65 2b 0,420 0,98 488,63 97,72

  1028,3 2c 0,424 0,99 494,06 98,80 3b 0,425 0,99 495,41 99,08

  1028 3c 0,422 0,98 491,35 98,26

  Rata - rata 97,45

  SD 1,99

  CV 2,04

  Contoh perhitungan penetapan kadar pada tablet floating metformin HCl replikasi 1. Penimbangan serbuk sebenarnya = 859,4 mg Perhitungan kadar metformin dalam campuran serbuk (secara penelitian) Absorbansi yang diperoleh = 0,238, pengenceran 50x Persamaan kurva baku metformin dalam cairan lambung buatan pH 1,2 : y = 9,216x + 0,059 0,238 = 9,216x + 0,059 x = x = 0,97 mg/ml Kadar metformin HCl dalam 500 ml mengandung : x= 0,97 mg/ml x 500 ml = 485 mg Kadar metformin HCl dalam tiap tablet = x 500 = x 500 = 500,04 mg % kadar metformin per tablet = = 96,92 %

1. Tabulasi hasil serapan metformin HCl pada uji disolusi

2. Tabulasi hasil persen disolusi Metformin HCl

  Rata

  1

  2

  3

  1

  2

  3

  1

  2

  3 5 7,515 6,966 10,452 7,695 8,128 4,609 7,848 8,107 6,002 7,280 5,454 5,519 Rata

  8,311 6,811 7,319 6,084 SD 1,87 1,92 1,15 0,85 15 7,979 10,627 13,646 11,207 11,159 12,053 12,405 12,035 11,763 10,445 10,564 9,604

  10,751 11,473 12,067 10,204 SD 2,84 0,50 0,32 0,43 30 13,028 16,102 19,752 16,567 17,285 19,793 16,560 16,823 19,531 15,411 14,752 13,819

  2

  Rata

  16,294 17,882 17,638 14,660 SD 3,37 1,69 1,64 0,65 45 17,703 19,168 24,581 20,564 21,415 23,015 20,259 20,757 23,029 20,259 18,034 18,482

  Rata

  20,484 21,665 21,348 18,925 SD 3,62 1,24 1,48 0,96 60 22,607 24,482 28,403 25,800 26,155 24,732 24,054 24,804 23,870 23,999 21,604 25,429

  Rata

  25,164 25,562 24,243 23,677 SD 2,96 0,74 0.49 1,58 90 29,789 30,369 35,074 30,676 31,979 35,101 29,865 30,019 29,217 29,955 29,452 27,140

  Rata

  31,744 32,585 29,700 28,849 SD 2,90 2,27 0,43 1,23 120 35,780 35,333 41,821 36,480 37,741 37,902 33,626 35,109 34,198 35,191 35,417 33,425

  Rata

  37,644 37,374 34,311 34,678 SD 3,62 0,78 0,75 0,89 180 44,797 43,824 46,995 43.987 46,254 46,546 41,030 41,822 40,958 41,951 41,514 40,738

  3

  1

  Lampiran 3. Hasil Uji Disolusi Tablet Floating Metformin HCl

  2

  Waktu Pengence ran

  Serapan Tablet floating metformin HCl 500 mg

  Tablet A Tabet B Tablet C Replikasi Replikasi Replikasi Replikasi

  1

  2

  3

  1

  2

  3

  1

  3

  Tablet A Tablet B Tablet C

  1

  2

  3

  5 5 0,176 0,167 0,219 0,178 0,183 0,134 0,181 0,183 0,154 0,172 0,145 0,147

  15 5 0,183 0,219 0,265 0,229 0,227 0,242 0,246 0,239 0,238 0,218 0,218 0,207

  30 5 0,255 0,297 0,354 0,307 0,314 0,354 0,306 0,308 0,350 0,290 0,278 0,268

  45 5 0,323 0,341 0,424 0,364 0,373 0,401 0,360 0,364 0,401 0,360 0,325 0,335

  60 5 0,394 0,417 0,479 0,440 0,441 0,426 0,415 0,422 0,413 0,414 0,376 0,436

  90 5 0,497 0,501 0,576 0,510 0,524 0,576 0,499 0,496 0,491 0,500 0,488 0,461 120 5 0,584 0,572 0,674 0,594 0,606 0,617 0,553 0,569 0,563 0,575 0,573 0,552 180 5 0,714 0,693 0,749 0,702 0,728 0,742 0,660 0,665 0,661 0,673 0,660 0,658 240 5 0,470 0,477 0,539 0,790 0,814 0,820 0,766 0,761 0,771 0,771 0,740 0,747 300 10 0,540 0,542 0,619 0,519 0,509 0,512 0,466 0,469 0,496 0,466 0,500 0,461 360 10 0,580 0,638 0,685 0,520 0,568 0,566 0,521 0,513 0,549 0,528 0,530 0,512 420 10 0,667 0,662 0,751 0,575 0,576 0,573 0,540 0,564 0,588 0,614 0,569 0,554 480 10 0,688 0,734 0,793 0,588 0,592 0,605 0,573 0,578 0,601 0,618 0,609 0,588 540 10 0,681 0,692 0,732 0,605 0,609 0,612 0,599 0,592 0,612 0,685 0,682 0,658 600 10 0,681 0,701 0,739 0,618 0,669 0,642 0,624 0,645 0,632 0,722 0,724 0,719

  Waktu % disolusi

  Tablet floating metformin HCl 500 mg

• –rata
• –rata
• –rata
• –rata
• –rata
• –rata
• –rata

Rata 45,206 45,596 41,270 41,401

• –rata SD 1,62 1,40 0,48 0,50 240 55,825 57,337 65,112 50,041 52,260 51,927 48,357 48,550 48,554 48,718 47,101 46,919

  Rata 59,424 51,409 48,4875 47,579

• –rata SD 4,98 1,20 0,11 0,81 300 65,535 66,395 76,108 62,626 61,901 61,331 55,160 56,174 59,096 55,174 60,529 54,336

  Rata 69,346 61,952 56,810 56,679

• –rata SD 5,87 0,65 2,04 2,74 360 70,951 79,921 85,284 62,695 70,036 68,796 62,778 62,391 66,505 63,831 64,729 61,290

  Rata 78,718 67,176 63,892 63,283

• –rata SD 7,24 3,93 2,27 1,46 420 83,057 83,267 94,376 70,328 71,198 69,734 65,535 69,560 71,817 75,702 70,190 67,085

  Rata 86,900 70,420 68,971 70,992

• –rata SD 6,48 0,73 3,18 3,56 480 86,008 93,376 100,116 72,073 73,410 74,122 70.009 71.436 73.584 76,339 75,790 71,845

  Rata 93,167 73,202 71.676 74,658

• –rata SD 7,06 1,04

  1.80 2,00 540 106,211 109,369 114,607 74,469 75,902 75,212 73.624 73.410 75.184 85,523 86,053 81,545 Rata 110,063 75,194 74.073 84,374

• –rata SD 4,24 0,72

  0.97 2,01 600 106,332 110,979 115,918 76,339 84,023 79,282 77.073 80.900 77.902 90,620 91,891 89,961 Rata 111,076 79,881 78.625 90,824

• –rata SD 4.,9 3,88

  2.01 0,80

  Contoh perhitungan persen disolusi metformin HCl 500 mg Tablet floating replikasi 1 Menit ke-5 Absorbansi 0,176 pengenceran 5x Bobot rata

• – rata tablet 860,567 mg Bobot tablet yang didisolusi 862,50 mg Persamaan regresi y = 14, 406x + 0,067 x = x = 0,03648 mg/ml Kadar dalam 1000 ml x = 0,0364mg/ml x1000 ml = 36,48 mg Jumlah metformin HCl dalam satu tablet =

  =

  % disolusi metformin HCl = =

  3. Tabulasi hasil nilai F 1 dan F

  2 Rep Tablet floating Tablet floating Tablet floating

  metformin HCl 500 metformin HCl 500 metformin HCl 500 mg dengan Tablet A mg dengan Tablet B mg dengan Tablet C F F F F F F

  1

  2

  1

  2

  1

  2

  1 18,25 44,75 21,89 43,97 13,32 54,31 2 18,17 44,83 22,39 41,87 17,03 48,75 3 21,15 37,79 23,69 36,95 24,37 37,62

  Rata 19,19 42,45 22,65 40,93 18,24 46,89

• – rata

  Contoh perhitungan nilai f 1 , f

  2 Tablet floating metformin HCl dengan Tablet A replikasi 1.

  Menit (T(t)) (R(t)) R(t) - T(t) (R(t) - T(t))^2 │R(t) - T(t)│ 5 7,515 7,695 0,180 0,032 0,180

  15 7,979 11,207 3,227 10,416 3,227 30 13,028 16,567 3,539 12,525 3,539 45 17,703 20,564 2,860 8,182 2,860 60 22,607 25,800 3,192 10,194 3,192 90 29,789 30,675 0,886 0,785 0,886 120 35,780 36,479 0,699 0,489 0,699

  180 44,797 43,987 -0,810 0,656 0,810 240 55,825 50,040 -5,784 33,455 5,784 300 65,535 62,626 -2,908 8,461 2,908 360 70,951 62,695 -8,255 68,156 8,255 420 83,057 70,328 -12,729 162,050 12,729 480 86,008 72,073 -13,935 194,184 13,935 540 106,211 74,469 -31,742 1007,557 31,742 600 106,332 76,339 -29,993 899,591 29,993

  Perhitungan f :

  1 ∑(R(t) = 661.551

  ∑│R(t) - T(t)│= 120.745 = 18,25 Perhitungan f

  2 ∑(R(t) - T(t))^2 = 2416.741 = 12,330 Contoh perhitungan nilai C

  Tablet Floating 500 mg Replikasi

  Nilai C SD

  1

  2

  3 C60 22,607 24,482 25,164 1,32 C120 35,780 35,333 37,644 1,22 C360 70,951 79,921 78,718 4,86 C600 106,332 110,979 111,076 2,71

  Perhitungan C tablet floating 500 mg

60 C =

  60 C 60 = = 24,084 Luas AUC menit 0

• – 5
• – 15
• – 30
• – 45
• – 60
• – 120
• – 180
• – 240
• – 360
• – 420
• – 480
• – 600
>– 5 = Luas AUC menit 5
• – 15 = Luas AUC meni>– 30 = Luas AUC menit 30
• – 45 = Luas AUC menit 45
• – 60 = Luas AUC menit 60
• – 90 = Luas AUC menit 90
• – 120 = Luas AUC menit>– 180 = Luas AUC menit 180
• – 240 = Luas AUC menit 240
• – 300 = Luas AUC menit 300
• – 360 =

Luas AUC menit 360

  22,61 302,33 60 – 90 29,79 785,95

  86,01 5071,99 480 – 540 106,21 5766,61 540

  83,06 4620,28 420

  70,95 4094,60 360

  55,83 3018,69 240 – 300 65,54 3640,81 300

  44,80 2417,35 180

  35,78 983,55 120

  90

  45

  Contoh perhitungan nilai DE Tablet floating metformin HCl replikasi 1.

  17,70 230,49

  30

  13,03 157,56

  15

  7,98 77,48

  5

  7,52 18,79

  Menit % Disolusi Luas AUC

  106,33 6376,33

• – 420 = Luas AUC menit 420
• – 480 = Luas AUC menit 480
• – 540 = Luas AUC menit 540
• – 600 = ∑ Luas AUC = 37562,81 Luas Kurva Segiempat 100 % = 100 x 600 = 60000 DE 600 =

  DISOLUSI EFISIENSI Explore Tablet Case Processing Summary

  Upper Bound

  4.178

  71.53 Test of Homogeneity of Variances Disolusi_Efisiensi Levene Statistic df1 df2 Sig.

  51.70

  55.49 Total 12 57.2150 6.03705 1.74275 53.3792 61.0508

  52.77

  53.77 Tablet C 3 54.4967 1.50098 .86659 50.7680 58.2253

  51.70

  56.01 Tablet B 3 52.7367 1.03500 .59756 50.1656 55.3078

  53.93

  71.53 Tablet A 3 55.1933 1.10961 .64063 52.4369 57.9498

  62.60

  Tablet Floating 3 66.4333 4.59709 2.65413 55.0135 77.8531

  Lower Bound

  Tablet Cases

  Interval for Mean Minimum Maximum

  Deviation Std. Error 95% Confidence

  Disolusi_Efisiensi N Mean Std.

  Oneway

Descriptives

  a. Lilliefors Significance Correction

  Tablet Floating .275 3 . .943 3 .541 Tablet A .323 3 . .878 3 .320 Tablet B .175 3 . 1.000 3 .995 Tablet C .354 3 . .821 3 .166

  Shapiro-Wilk Statistic df Sig. Statistic df Sig. Disolusi_ Efisiensi

  a

  Tablet Kolmogorov-Smirnov

  Tests of Normality

  Tablet Floating 3 100.0% .0% 3 100.0% Tablet A 3 100.0% .0% 3 100.0% Tablet B 3 100.0% .0% 3 100.0% Tablet C 3 100.0% .0% 3 100.0%

  Disolusi_ Efisiensi

  Valid Missing Total N Percent N Percent N Percent

  3 8 .047 Tablet A -.69667 2.06916 .745 -5.4682 4.0748 Tablet B 1.76000 2.06916 .420 -3.0115 6.5315 *. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.

  

ANOVA

  Disolusi_Efisiensi Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 349.529 3 116.510 18.142 .001 Within Groups 51.377 8 6.422 Total 400.906

  11 Post Hoc Tests

  

Multiple Comparisons

  Disolusi_Efisiensi LSD (I) Tablet (J) Tablet

  Mean Difference (I-J) Std. Error Sig.

  95% Confidence Interval Lower Bound Upper Bound

• 2.06916 .001 6.4685 16.0115
• 2.06916 .000 8.9252 18.4682
• 2.06916 .000 7.1652 16.7082
• 2.06916 .001 -16.0115 -6.4685
• 2.06916 .000 -18.4682 -8.9252
• 2.06916 .000 -16.7082 -7.1652

  Tablet Floating Tablet A 11.24000

  Tablet B 13.69667

  Tablet C 11.93667

  Tablet A Tablet Floating -11.24000

  Tablet B 2.45667 2.06916 .269 -2.3148 7.2282 Tablet C .69667 2.06916 .745 -4.0748 5.4682

  Tablet B Tablet Floating -13.69667

  Tablet A -2.45667 2.06916 .269 -7.2282 2.3148 Tablet C -1.76000 2.06916 .420 -6.5315 3.0115

  Tablet C Tablet Floating -11.93667

  NILAI C Explore Tablet Case Processing Summary

  Lower Bound

  .848

  Nilai_C Levene Statistic df1 df2 Sig.

  Test of Homogeneity of Variances

  90.83 Total 16 54.3664 27.60733 6.90183 39.6555 69.0773 23.68 109.46

  23.68

  78.63 Tablet C 4 53.1162 30.17677 15.08839 5.0983 101.1342

  24.24

  79.88 Tablet B 4 50.2680 25.30952 12.65476 9.9949 90.5411

  25.56

  Tablet Floating 4 61.5825 39.00295 19.50148 -.4799 123.6449 24.08 109.46 Tablet A 4 52.4988 25.29474 12.64737 12.2492 92.7483

  Upper Bound

  Interval for Mean Minimum Maximum

  Tablet Cases

  Deviation Std. Error 95% Confidence

  Nilai_C N Mean Std.

  Oneway

Descriptives

  a. Lilliefors Significance Correction

  Tablet A .225 4 . .932 4 .604 Tablet B .236 4 . .931 4 .600 Tablet C .229 4 . .949 4 .707

  Shapiro-Wilk Statistic df Sig. Statistic df Sig. Nilai_C Tablet Floating .242 4 . .937 4 .634

  a

  Tablet Kolmogorov-Smirnov

  Tests of Normality

  Nilai_C Tablet Floating 4 100.0% .0% 4 100.0% Tablet A 4 100.0% .0% 4 100.0% Tablet B 4 100.0% .0% 4 100.0% Tablet C 4 100.0% .0% 4 100.0%

  Valid Missing Total N Percent N Percent N Percent

  3 12 .494

  

ANOVA

  Nilai_C Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 295.680 3 98.560 .106 .955 Within Groups 11136.791 12 928.066 Total 11432.471

  15 Post Hoc Tests

  

Multiple Comparisons

  Nilai_C LSD (I) Tablet (J) Tablet

  Mean Difference (I-J) Std. Error Sig.

  95% Confidence Interval Lower Bound Upper Bound

  Tablet Floating Tablet A 9.08375 21.54142 .681 -37.8510 56.0185 Tablet B 11.31450 21.54142 .609 -35.6202 58.2492 Tablet C 8.46625 21.54142 .701 -38.4685 55.4010

  Tablet A Tablet Floating -9.08375 21.54142 .681 -56.0185 37.8510 Tablet B 2.23075 21.54142 .919 -44.7040 49.1655 Tablet C -.61750 21.54142 .978 -47.5522 46.3172

  Tablet B Tablet Floating -11.31450 21.54142 .609 -58.2492 35.6202 Tablet A -2.23075 21.54142 .919 -49.1655 44.7040 Tablet C -2.84825 21.54142 .897 -49.7830 44.0865

  Tablet C Tablet Floating -8.46625 21.54142 .701 -55.4010 38.4685 Tablet A .61750 21.54142 .978 -46.3172 47.5522 Tablet B 2.84825 21.54142 .897 -44.0865 49.7830