LANDASAN TEORI DAN PROGRAM SEMARANG VERTICAL SPORT CENTER Tema Desain ARSITEKTUR NEO MODERN - Unika Repository

  

PROJEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR

Periode LXVII, Semester Genap , Tahun 2014 / 2015

LANDASAN TEORI DAN PROGRAM

SEMARANG VERTICAL SPORT CENTER

  

Tema Desain

  

Fokus Kajian

PENERAPAN SISTEM STRUKTUR DAN TATA RUANG

PADA BANGUNAN VERTIKAL

  

Diajukan untuk memenuhi sebagian persyaratan

memperoleh gelar Sarjana Arsitektur

Disusun oleh:

  

Liong Christian Kurniawan B. 10.11.0005

Dosen pembimbing:

  

Ir. BPR Gandhi, MSA

PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR

FAKULTAS ARSITEKTUR DAN DESAIN

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN

  Projek Akhir Arsitektur Periode LXVII, Semester Genap, Tahun 2014 / 2015 Program Studi Arsitektur, Fakultas Arsitektur Dan Desain Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata Semarang Judul : SEMARANG VERTICAL SPORT CENTER Tema Desain : Arsitektur NeoModern

Fokus Kajian : Penerapan Sistem Struktur Dan Tata Ruang Pada Bangunan Vertikal

Penyusun : Liong Christian Kurniawan B. NIM : 10.11.0005 Pembimbing : Ir. BPR. Gandhi , MSA Penguji : Ir. Robert Rianto W, MT .

  Dr. Ir. VG. Sri Rejeki, MT. Ir. Supriyono, MT.

  

Semarang, 16 April 2015

Mengetahui dan Mengesahkan

Dekan

  Ketua Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain Program Studi Arsitektur

Ir.IM. Tri Hesti Mulyani, MT. Ir. FX. Bambang Suskiyatno, MT

NIDN 0611086201 NIDN 0625116302

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN

  Projek Akhir Arsitektur Periode LXVII, Semester Genap, Tahun 2014 / 2015 Program Studi Arsitektur, Fakultas Arsitektur Dan Desain Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata Semarang Judul : SEMARANG VERTICAL SPORT CENTER Tema Desain : Arsitektur NeoModern

Fokus Kajian : Penerapan Sistem Struktur Dan Tata Ruang Pada Bangunan Vertikal

Penyusun : Liong Christian Kurniawan B. NIM : 10.11.0005 Pembimbing : Ir. BPR. Gandhi , MSA Penguji : Ir. Robert Rianto W, MT .

  Dr. Ir. VG. Sri Rejeki, MT. Ir. Supriyono, MT.

  

Semarang, 16 April 2015

Mengetahui dan Mengesahkan

Pembimbing

Ir. BPR. Gandhi , MSA

  

NIDN 0601035401

Penguji Penguji Penguji

PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN

  Saya yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini : Nama : Liong Christian Kurniawan B .

  N I M : 10.11.0005 Jurusan / Program Studi : Arsitektur Fakultas / Program :Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain Unika Soegijapranata

  Menyatakan dengan sebenarnya bahwa Proyek Akhir Arsitektur tahap

Landasan Teori dan Program dengan judul : Semarang Vertical Sport Center ini

benar - benar merupakan hasil karya saya sendiri, bebas dari peniruan terhadap

karya dari orang lain. Kutipan pendapat dan tulisan orang lain ditunjuk sesuai

dengan cara - cara penulisan karya ilmiah yang berlaku.

  Apabila di kemudian hari terbukti atau dapat dibuktikan bahwa dalam Proyek

Akhir Arsitektur tahap Landasan Teori dan Program ini terkandung ciri-ciri plagiat

dan bentuk-bentuk peniruan lain yang dianggap melanggar peraturan, maka saya

bersedia menerima sanksi atas perbuatan tersebut.

  Semarang, 16 April 2015 Yang membuat pernyataan Liong Christian Kurniawan B

  

Daftar Isi

Halaman Pengesahan.................................................................................................. ii Pernyataan Keaslian.................................................................................................... iv Prakata............................................................................................................................ v Daftar Isi................. ........................................................................................................ vi Daftar Gambar............................................................................................................... xii Daftar Tabel dan Diagram........................................................................................... xvi Bab I. Pendahuluan...................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Latar Belakang ................................................................................................

  1 1.2. Tujuan dan Sasaran Pembahasan ..............................................................

  2 1.2.1. Tujuan Pembahasan...............................................................................

  2 1.2.2. Sasaran Pembahasan............................................................................

  2 1.3. Lingkup pembahasan ....................................................................................

  2 1.4. Metoda pembahasan .....................................................................................

  3 1.4.1. Metoda Pengumpulan Data...................................................................

  3 1.4.2. Metoda Penyusunan dan Analisa.........................................................

  3 1.4.3. Metode Pemrograman............................................................................

  4 1.4.4. Metode Perancangan Arsitektur............................................................

  4

  1.5. Sistematika pembahasan ..............................................................................

  5 Bab II. Tinjauan Proyek ..............................................................................................

  6 2.1.1. Gambaran umum....................................................................................

  6 a.1. Jenis Olahraga........................................................................................

  6 2.1.2. Latar belakang-perkembangan-trend..................................................

  8 a.1. Latar Belakang........................................................................................

  8 a.2. Perkembangan........................................................................................

  9 a.3. Tren...........................................................................................................

  9 2.1.3. Sasaran yang akan dicapai...................................................................

  9 2.2. Tinjauan Khusus .............................................................................................

  10 2.2.1. Terminologi..............................................................................................

  10 2.2.2. Kegiatan...................................................................................................

  11 a.1. Pelaku ....................................................................................................... 12 a.2. Fasilitas.....................................................................................................

  12 2.2.3. Spesifikasi dan persyaratan desain.....................................................

  13 2.2.4. Deskripsi Konteks Kota..........................................................................

  15 a.1. Kondisi Geografis Kota..........................................................................

  15

  a.2. Wilayah Peruntukan Kota......................................................................

  16

  2.2.5. Studi Banding / Komparasi Projek Sejenis ......................................... 19 2.3. Kesimpulan, Batasan dan Anggapan ..........................................................

  26 2.3.1. Kesimpulan...............................................................................................

  26 2.3.2. Batasan.....................................................................................................

  26 2.3.3. Anggapan..................................................................................................

  27 Bab III. Analisa pendekatan program arsitektur .................................................

  28 3.1. Analisa pendekatan arsitektur ......................................................................

  28

  3.1.1. Studi Aktifitas ............................................................................................ 28 a.1. Kelompok Kegiatan.................................................................................

  28 a.2. Kategorisasi.............................................................................................

  30 a.3. Pelaku- Pola Kegiatan - Sifat Kegiatan...............................................

  32 3.1.2. Studi Fasilitas...........................................................................................

  34 a.1. Kebutuhan-Pola Indoor/Outdoor...........................................................

  34 a.2. Studi Besaran Ruang.............................................................................

  35 a.3. Kapasitas Pengunjung...........................................................................

  38 a.4. Studi Ruang Khusus...............................................................................

  39

  a.5. Kebutuhan Luas Bangunan...................................................................

  42 a.6. Studi Citra Arsitektural............................................................................

  44 3.2.1. Studi Sistem Struktur dan Enclosure....................................................

  45 a.1. Alternatif Pemilihan Sistem Struktur........................................................

  45 a.2. Alternatif Pemilihan Material Bangunan..................................................

  49 3.2.2. Studi Sistem Utilitas.....................................................................................

  57 a.1. Transportasi Vertikal...................................................................................

  57 a.2. Utilitas Kebakaran.......................................................................................

  58 a.3. Jaringan Listrik............................................................................................

  62 a.4. Jaringan Telepon........................................................................................

  63 a.5. Penangkal Petir...........................................................................................

  63 a.6. Jaringan Air Bersih dan Air Kotor.............................................................

  64 a.7. Pencahayaan...............................................................................................

  67 a.8. Penghawaan................................................................................................

  69 3.2.3. Studi Pemanfaatan Teknologi................................................................

  69 3.3. Analisa pendekatan konteks lingkungan ....................................................

  71 3.3.1. Analisa Pemilihan Lokasi........................................................................

  71

  a.1. Deskripsi Lokasi......................................................................................

  71 a.2. Kriteria Pemilihan .................................................................................... 75 3.3.2. Analisa Pemilihan Tapak........................................................................

  77 a.1. Pemilihan Tapak......................................................................................

  78 a.2. Kriteria Pemilihan .................................................................................... 81 a.3. Pemilihan Tapak......................................................................................

  82 Bab IV. Program Arsitektur........................................................................................

  83 4.1. Konsep program..............................................................................................

  83 4.1.1. Aspek Arsitektural....................................................................................

  83 4.1.2. Aspek Fungsi............................................................................................

  83 4.1.3. Aspek Teknologi......................................................................................

  83

  4.2. Tujuan perancangan, faktor penentu perancangan, faktor persyaratan perancangan.............................................................................

  84 4.2.1. Tujuan Perancangan...............................................................................

  84 4.2.2. Faktor Penentu Perancangan................................................................

  85 4.2.3. Faktor Persyaratan Perancangan.........................................................

  85 4.3. Program Arsitektur...........................................................................................

  87

  4.3.1. Program Kegiatan....................................................................................

  87 a.1. Program Ruang.......................................................................................

  87 a.3. Program Ruang Secara Vertikal...........................................................

  89 4.3.2. Program Sistem Struktur........................................................................

  90 4.3.3. Program Sistem Utilitas..........................................................................

  91 4.3.4. Program Lokasi dan Tapak....................................................................

  92 Bab V. Kajian Teori.......................................................................................................

  96 5.1. Kajian teori penekanan desain......................................................................

  96 5.1.1. Uraian interpretasi dan elaborasi teori tema desain..........................

  96

  5.1.2. Studi preseden......................................................................................... 100

  5.1.3. Kemungkinan penerapan ....................................................................... 101

  5.2. Kajian teori permasalahan dominan............................................................. 102

  5.2.1. Uraian interpretasi dan elaborasi teori tema desain.......................... 102

  5.2.2. Studi preseden......................................................................................... 112

  5.2.3. Kemungkinan penerapan....................................................................... 113

  Kepustakaan.................................................................................................................. v

Daftar Gambar Gambar2.1. Peta Batas Administrasi Kota Semarang.............................................

  18 Gambar 2.2. Peta Lokasi GOR Kota Semarang ........................................................ 22 Gambar2.3. Muka bangunan........................................................................................ 20

Gambar 2.4. Kolam renang & balkon......................................................................... . 20 Gambar 2.5. Area parkir lt4 ..........................................................................................

  20 Gambar 2.6. Lapangan olahraga.................................................................................

  20 Gambar 2.7. Ruang Fitness..........................................................................................

  20 Gambar 2.8. Bangunan Relaxx Sport Center ...........................................................

  21 Gambar 2.9. Bangunan Ariake Sport Center ............................................................

  23 Gambar 2.10. Recreation Hall .....................................................................................

  24 Gambar 2.11. Training ..................................................................................................

  24 Gambar 2.12. Indoor Pool ............................................................................................

  24 Gambar 2.13. Conference room .................................................................................

  24 Gambar 2.14. Multipurpose room ...............................................................................

  24 Gambar 2.15. Large physical education room ..........................................................

  24 Gambar 3.1. Ruang Tenis Meja ..................................................................................

  39 Gambar 3.2. Ruang Bulutangkis..................................................................................

  40

Gambar 3.3. Ruang Futsal ...........................................................................................

  40 Gambar 3.4. Ruang Voli ...............................................................................................

  41 Gambar 3.6. Struktur bangunan vertikal ....................................................................

  45 Gambar 3.7. Struktur bangunan vertikal ..................................................................... 46 Gambar 3.8. Struktur bangunan vertikal.....................................................................

  46 Gambar 3.9. PVC Floor.................................................................................................

  54 Gambar 3.10. Vinil Floor................................................................................................

  54 Gambar 3.11. Interlocking Floor ..................................................................................

  55 Gambar 3.12. Lantai Keramik ......................................................................................

  56 Gambar 3.13. Tangga Darurat ...............................................................................

  58 Gambar 3.14. Alat Penghisap Asap ............................................................................ 58

Gambar 3.15. Alaram kebakaran ................................................................................. 59

  Gambar.3.16. Alat Detektor .......................................................................................... 59

Gambar 3.17. Alat PAR ................................................................................................. 60 Gambar3.18. Sprinkler menghadap bawah................................................................

  60 Gambar 3.19. Sprinkler menghadap atas...................................................................

  61 Gambar 3.20. Hidrant ..................................................................................................... 62

Gambar 3.21. Aplikasi teknologi Lampu LED ...........................................................

  70 Gambar 3.22. Peta BWK Kota Semarang..................................................................

  71 Gambar 3.24. Peta BWK II Kota Semarang ............................................................... 77

Gambar 3.25. Peta Lokasi Tapak alternatif ................................................................ 78Gambar 3.26. Peta lokasi tapak 1 ................................................................................ 79 Gambar 3.27. Peta lokasi tapak 2................................................................................

  80 Gambar 4.1 Peta BWK kota Semarang......................................................................

  92 Gambar 4.2 Peta lokasi tapak ...................................................................................... 94 Gambar 5.1 NeoModern Architecture..........................................................................

  96 Gambar 5.2 NeoModern Architecture (Ecleticism)....................................................

  97 Gambar 5.3 NeoModern Architecture ( Brutalism)....................................................

  98 Gambar 5.4. NeoModern Architecture ( Regionalism)..............................................

  98 Gambar 5.5. NeoModern Architecture( Contextual)..................................................

  99 Gambar 5.6 NeoModern Architecture ( Structuralism) ............................................. 99

Gambar 5.7 NeoModern Architecture ( High tech).................................................... 100Gambar 5.8. .Bangunan Relaxx Sport Center........................................................... 100Gambar 5.9. Sistem Struktur Vertikal 1 ....................................................................... 103Gambar 5.10. Sistem Struktur Vertikal 2 .................................................................... 104Gambar 5.11. Bentuk Sistem Struktur Vertikal terhadap Stabilisasi Angin ........... 104Gambar 5.13. Sistem Struktur Vertikal menciptakan bentuk dan ruang ................ 109Gambar 5.14. Bangunan Enrique M. Razon Sports Center.................................... 112Gambar 5.15. Bangunan Ariake sport center............................................................. 112

Daftar Tabel Tabel 2.1. Daftar Cabang Olahraga Indonesia.........................................................

  8 Tabel 2.2. Kelebihan dan kekurangan Enrique M. Razon Sports Center..............

  21 Tabel 2.3 Kelebihan dan kekurangan Relaxx Sports Center Modern .................... 23

Tabel 2.4. Kelebihan dan kekurangan Ariake Sports Center Modern .................... 25Tabel 3.1. Pelaku- Pola Kegiatan - Sifat Kegiatan................................................... . 33 Tabel 3.2. Besaran ruang sport center .......................................................................

  35 Tabel 3.3. Perhitungan Pengunjung ...........................................................................

  39 Tabel 3.3. Kebutuhan Luas Bangunan........................................................................

  42 Tabel 4.1. Besaran ruang sport center........................................................................

  89 Tabel 4.2 Program Struktur........................................................................................

  92 Tabel 4.3 Program Utilitas .........................................................................................

  93 Daftar Diagram Diagram 3.1. Pelaku- Pola Kegiatan - Sifat Kegiatan...............................................

  33 Diagram 3.2. Kebutuhan Pola Indoor/Outdoor...........................................................

  34 Diagram 3.3. Jaringan air kotor....................................................................................

  67 Diagram 4.1. Pola ruang outdoor/indoor.....................................................................

  91